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MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOL AND HIGHER EDUCATION: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND
PRACTICE
Umarova Munira Khudoyberdievna
Chirchik State Pedagogical University,
chief specialist of the Department of Student Practice,
Abstract:
As is known, education is the process of transmitting information of certain social
significance to the younger generation. In a preschool educational institution, it is carried out in
the classroom, on walks, in games, in communication with parents, etc. One of the most ancient
types of human activity - child rearing - has undergone significant changes during its centuries-
old history of development, turning from an everyday process into a scientifically based complex
of systematic interactions based on the results of creative and creative activity. In the process, it
is necessary to learn how to manage the pedagogical process in a preschool educational
institution in the conditions of the introduction of pedagogical technologies. Indeed, the initial
stage of education is kindergarten, where the child receives moral lessons, gains experience in
communicating with adults and peers, reveals his creative potential in the game, in teamwork,
and acquires elementary skills in educational activities. We studied the management of the
pedagogical process in a preschool educational institution in the context of the introduction of
pedagogical technologies and developed a management model. The algorithm of management
actions based on the created model of pedagogical process management unites the team of
teachers, parents and children in a single educational space that ensures the age-appropriate
development and emotional well-being of children. These processes were also studied in the
article.
Keywords:
Management management, preschool education, educator, pupil, technology,
education.
The success of school and higher education systems is directly related to effective management
activities. In education, management refers not only to the organization of administrative
processes, but also to the support of the individual development of students and students, the
introduction of innovative approaches and the formation of educational services suitable for
socio-economic needs (Bush, 2020). In modern conditions, it is of particular importance for
managers of educational institutions to adhere to the principles of strategic thinking, flexibility
and competitiveness. Today, reforms are being carried out in the field of education, among other
areas, there are also several works in the field of school management, including among the
higher educational institutions of the Republic of qatop, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute in
the 2019-2020 academic year 5611700-school management educational direction was opened
and more than 50 students were received in the 2020-2021 academic year, currently, if we take
the template from the system of education of developed countries, the requirement of today is to
conduct the proper organization of education, for this reason, several works are being carried out
by the Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute on the future development of this direction of
education and the issuance of diplomas as an additional professional. All this is to enter among
the countries whose education in the world has developed, our President Sh.M.As Mirziyoyev
said, it is known to us how deeply it makes sense to radically improve the activities of
educational institutions, to study the most advanced foreign experience, to create a modern
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system in all respects, on the basis of today's demand, the idea that no sphere cannot be
developed without the development of education, from this point of view, first of all, to,
particular attention is paid to educational management, taking into account the fact that it is
possible to achieve a result through management and control. One look at the emergence and
stage of development of Educational Management has an ancient history, but the theory of
management began to develop only at the beginning of the 20th century. "Management" is
translated from the English word olinga in the Uzbek language in the sense of organizing,
leading management. In the general plan, management denotes management, that is, the
organization and management of one or another type of activity (organization and leadership),
economic, financial and business sphere in the life of another person. In the United States,
favorable conditions arose at the beginning of the 20th century, when the evolution of scientific
management schools began. A huge labor market has appeared in the democratic country.
The availability of education helped many intelligent people to show their qualities. New
methods of leadership were required. In 1911, Frederick Taylor's book "Principles" laid the
foundation for research in the field of this new science - leadership. He proved that group
influence can change people's attitude to work. He advised the use of moral incentives in
management, for example, the relationship of an employee with colleagues. He called on
managers to pay attention to team relations, and the school contributed to the separation of
management, which, in his opinion, has two directions. The first is the study of the problems of
managing enterprises and the development of modern management concepts. The second is the
study of the duties and functions of managers. Any manager is called upon to perform certain
functions, namely: • setting goals for the enterprise and choosing development paths; •
classifying, distributing work, creating an organizational structure, selecting and placing
personnel, etc.; • motivation and coordination of employees, control based on the relationship
between managers and the team; • standardization, analysis of the work of the enterprise and all
employees working in it; • motivation based on the results of work. Thus, the activities of a
modern manager are becoming more complicated. A manager must have knowledge in various
fields and apply proven methods in practice. In modern society, the education system is
considered not only as a means of imparting knowledge, but also as a means of forming
competitive individuals, ensuring economic and cultural development. Effective management of
educational institutions, that is, management, plays an important role in this process. The
effectiveness of management in schools and higher education institutions directly affects the
quality of education, the level of training of students and students (Bush, 2011).
Basic Principles Of School Management
School management is mainly aimed at organizing the educational process, managing resources,
developing the pedagogical community and establishing cooperation with parents. Modern
school governors adhere to the following principles:
Strategic planning: each school identifies its long-term and short-term goals and develops
specific strategies for their implementation (Gunter, 2016).
Human Resource Development: aimed at improving the professional competencies of teachers,
ensuring the quality of education by sending them to regular training courses. Parent-community
collaboration: ongoing relationships are established with parents and the local community to
ensure the school's openness and accountability.
Introduction of innovative technologies: with the help of digital technologies, the interactivity
and effectiveness of the educational process is being increased (Fullan, 2014).
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Features of Management in Higher Education: the management of Higher Education Institutions
has its own complexity, since at this stage elements such as scientific research, academic
freedom and international cooperation also occupy an important place.
In higher education, the following basic management principles apply: academic freedom and
responsibility: professors must be free in scientific and methodological activities, but are
responsible for productivity and quality (Altbach, 2015).
Financial stability: universities seek to maintain financial independence and attract additional
funding through grants, sponsorships and commercial activities.
Innovative educational programs: adapted to modern demand, programs are developed that train
competitive personnel in the labor market.
International cooperation: by attracting foreign students and professors, participating in
international scientific projects, universities are increasing their potential.
Latest news and trends
1. Digital Transformation
Digital education technologies in schools and universities after the COVID-19 pandemic (LMS
platforms, Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and b.) were widely introduced. Many higher education
institutions are now moving towards the integration of traditional and online teaching, which has
strengthened the concept of "hybrid education" (Hodges et al., 2020).
2. Development Of Leadership In Education
In recent years, strong leadership skills have been required from education leaders ranging from
school principals to university rectors. Managers need to be formed as motivating, innovation
supportive, and outcome-oriented leaders (Leithwood & Seashore-Louis, 2012).
3. Public and private cooperation
In the higher education system, the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model is gaining popularity.
Through this model, higher education institutions are able to attract private sector investments
and increase the quality of infrastructure development and training.
4. Ability-Based Education
Today, many universities are developing the competency-based education model. This approach
places a special emphasis on students ' acquisition of practical knowledge and skills, as well as
providing individual educational pathways (Gervais, 2016).
Conclusion
Effective management in school and higher education is important for improving the quality of
education, training personnel in accordance with modern socio-economic needs and ensuring the
sustainable development of educational institutions. Principles such as strategic planning,
innovative approaches, Human Resource Development and international cooperation remain an
integral part of modern educational management. In the future, the full use of digital
technologies, leadership competencies and global cooperation opportunities will be one of the
main areas of educational system management.
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