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tadbirlari haqida” O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar mahkamasining
qarori, 2022-yil 14-fevral № 71
4.
Altiyev A.S Yer resurslaridan foydalanish tizimini tartibga solish
muammolari. Monografiya. T.: “Fan ”2018-145b
5.
Egamova Dilchehra Adizovna, Bobojonov Said Utkirovich, &
Mukhamadov Kamariddin Mukhtarovich. (2021). IMPROVEMENT OF
SOIL RECLAMATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BUKHARA
REGION). Euro-Asia Conferences, 5(1), 285–286.
6.
Egamova, D. A., Azimova, S. J., Muxamadov, Q. M., & Bobojonov, S.
(2021). LABOR RELATIONS ON THE FARM.
Актуальные научные
исследования в современном мире
, (6-2), 23-26.
7.
SB Adizov, AB Obidovich, MM Maxmudov - Academic Journal of Digital
Economics and Stability, 2021 Rights and Responsibilities of the Spouses
8.
Karimov E.Q. (2020). Improvement Effectiveness of Soil Quality Index
Assessment in Irrigated Areas. Int. J. Adv. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., 7(3),
13145-13150
9.
Modern Geographic Information Systems in Land Resource Management
JJ Pirimov, FS Khudoyberdiyev, KM Muhamadov, SF Axtamov Academic
Journal of Digital Economics and Stability 8, 66-69 2021
10.
Egamova, D.A, Shukurova N.O, Ahmadov B.O (2020). EFFICIENT AND
RATIONAL USE OF LAND RESOURCES IS A REQUIREMENT OF
THE TIME. In Эффективность применения инновационных
технологий и техники в сельском и водном хозяйстве (pp. 327-328).
REGULATION OF DIVERSIFICATION OF THE USE OF THE FUND
ON THE DISTRICT SCALE
A Altiev
1*
, M Mahsudov
1
109
1
“Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural
Mechanization Engineers”
National Research University,
Kory Niyoziy str., 39, 100000, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract
. In this article we will talk about the current issues of land use,
guarantees of land rights, issues of diversification of land use in the development
of territories on the basis of the general scheme of diversification of land use in
the regions of the district, which is becoming more relevant today.
Research methods – statistical, monographic, economic-mathematical,
analysis and synthesis, comparative and logical concomitant and other methods
are widely used in carrying out the research.
In the preparation of a scientific article, theoretical research is considered a
priority.
The land fund is the total land resources area of the country. The regions
and districts of the Republic of Uzbekistan have different regions, climatic,
relief and soil conditions according to their location. In this case, the
determination of the correct, scientifically based position of economic sectors
in these regions and districts, the correct planning of the prospects for the yield
of the main crops, and on this basis, the further development of agriculture
is based on unconditional land data.
The general scheme for the management of diversification of the use of the
district land fund is drawn up for a long period of time. The general scheme
includes the solution of the largest socio-economic, scientific and technical tasks
for the organization of rational and effective use and protection of land resources
of zones, borders, regions and districts.
Forecast indicators of diversification of the use of the district land fund
should be indicated in the “General scheme of diversification of the District Land
Fund”. One of the main tasks of the main scheme is the forecasting of the desired
areas in the prospect of socio-economic sectors.
110
It is necessary to plan any activities carried out for the purpose of regulating
the diversification from the land fund on the scale of the district (city) on the
lower tier and take into account the peculiarity of the district territory as the main
factor. The main goal of diversification of the district's land fund is the
development of the district, increasing the attractiveness of innovation, ensuring
employment of the population.
1.
Introduction
The availability of land resources for humanity amounted to 13,4 billion
hectare the world that makes up is determined by the land fund. The most valuable
arable land is only 11% of the world's land fund, the corresponding figures for
meadows and pastures are 26%. The structure of the planet's land fund is
constantly changing under the influence of two anti-aging processes. One of them
is the struggle of mankind for the expansion of subsistence and agricultural land
(increasing the fertility of land, land reclamation, drainage, irrigation,
development of coastal areas of the seas); the second is the exit from agricultural
turn over as a result of erosion, desertification, industrial and transport
development, open mining, swamp, salinity. The second process continues at a
faster pace. Therefore, the main problem of the World Land Fund is the
degradation of agricultural land, as a result of which there is a significant decrease
in per capita arable land [2].
The essence of land reform is largely determined by what aspects it affects
and changes in the nature of land relations, as well as to what extent it itself.
Considering the fact that the earth performs many functions as a resource, its
management and methods, which cover organizational, legal, institutional,
investment, structural, socio-economic, nature protection, technological,
environmental and other aspects, also necessitate the diversity of the
corresponding. From this point of view, the determination of the strategy of land
reform and its successful implementation are required to be recognized and
resolved in the conditions of our republic as one of the most urgent and priority
tasks in the future. This, in turn, is aimed at creating a modern printsipial new
111
system, in which land use is not only regulated by the state, but also takes into
account market requirements, the peculiarities of various forms of ownership and
economic conduct.
Land use planning is carried out in order to improve the distribution of land
in accordance with the prospects for economic development, improve and
determine the organization of the territory.
2.
Literature review
Before commenting on the concept of diversification of the use of land stock, we
need to give a definition to the concept of diversification. Diversification Latin
"diversificatio" is a change, a variety of progress-a decrease in the spheres of
activity of the enterprise (Union)and a renewal the type of products it produces.
The definition given by British economists Bennock, Bakster and Devis is
remarkable “diversification is the process of establishing a circle of goods and
services in a firm or geographic region”. In this definition, diversification is
considered a process, the main attention is paid to its result. Russian. According
to V.D. Kamaev, ‘’diversification is a simultaneous development of many types
of production, which are not related to each other’’. ‘’The results of diversification
can be very diverse..." these remarks by Joseph T.Rayt are taken as an epigraph
to the chapter "diversification and internationalization in the book of the founder
of strategic planning and management, Igor Ansoff, entitled ‘’New Corporate
Strategy’’. Well-known scientist I. Ansoff said that ‘’Diversification is a term that
applies to the redistribution process of resources available at the enterprise, to
other sectors that differ significantly from previous types of activities”.
At present, diversification has become the most common form of capital
concentration. Today, diversification is an element of strategic management that
has arisen due to the need to maintain its place in the market by creating additional
advantages for satisfied consumer demand and enterprises.
Today, the use of land resources in our society has a multi-functional, multi-
purpose character. Multi-purpose use of land resources is reflected in the single
land fund. By this sign, the land fund is divided into 8 categories. Each category
112
of land is also classified accordingly, depending on the purposes for which the use
of land is more specific. In this they receive a certain composition, depending on
their target essence.
Economic reforms, the reform of land relations, the use of land in
conditions of rational and effective use of land add a new dimension of economic,
social and ecological character. Rational and effective use of land is manifested
externally by means of its multifunctional role played by society, such as
production, fiscal, market, social, recreational-health, nature conservation. The
location of the population and the role of life activity, means of production and
latitude serve as the basis of the operation. The need for land use for recreational
and wellness purposes gave this process the essence of reaction-recovery, in the
process of land use there was a need to take into account the requirements of
conservation of nature [3].
If we analyze the experience of developed countries in regulating the
effective use of land by Territories. State land resources in Australia are managed
on the basis of "Environmental planning legislation". General rules of land use;
procedures for the development of territories and the formation of plans for the
protection of the natural environment; strict regulation is established of the
processes by which it is possible to obtain permission to use the land [5].
Planning for land use in the United States has a powerful mechanism for
regulating land use. It has more than a century of traditions, originally associated
with the growth and development of urban areas and their development. In the
future, plans for land use and their protection began to be drawn up in areas
adjacent to cities, covering rural areas and entire districts.These plans and projects
are drawn up for 15-25 years and completely change the appearance of the
territory. In the United States, planning is based on the principle of zoning for the
purpose of regulating the use of privately owned land. In the United States under
the Ministry of Finance there is a National “Land Resources Management
Bureau”, which is entrusted with the task of managing the legislation related to
state lands, ensuring execution. In the United States, medium-sized farmer farms
113
are losing their dominant importance, and they are replaced by large farms with
an area of almost 180 hectares of land. There is a development of partner and
corporate farms, where there is a merger of several families. In addition, their
characteristic feature is that they are managed by the personnel of the ticket office,
and they are the largest both for the volume of land use and for the volume of
production of gross agricultural products. In the United States, public policy in
the field of agricultural land protection is aimed at maximizing agricultural
revenues by reducing environmental pollution, maintaining higher productivity,
granting subsidies for the development of production and payment of rent
payments, promoting security activities. The United States has a voluntary nature
of land protection. For example, those who inherited land from their parents,
consider it necessary to preserve natural resources for the children of landowners
and land users, and the state mainly uses economic means to encourage
participants in the implementation of protective measures.
Planning for land use in Canada 3 levels:
- established by the state normative-legal acts on the development of land use in
the future, improvement of Housing, Urban Development, Infrastructure, etc.;
- region (defined by district, provincial and city plans);
- local (defined by development plans for rural areas).
For the implementation of these plans, territorial land management projects are
drawn up (distribution, redistribution, land surveying, in cities - planning and
development of the territory).
Planning the use and protection of land parcels in Great Britain is an
important component of the country's land policy, since it determines the main
directions of use of the territory, the directions of transport, communications, the
development of reconstruction and infrastructure. At the same time, changing the
purpose of the use of land plot can be carried out only in agreement with the local
planning councils.
114
On the basis of Article 19 of the law "on land formation"in the Russian
Federation, the main types of land formation documents for the planning of land
use and protection in the Federation are as follows:
- General scheme of Land Management in the Russian Federation;
-Schemes for the management of the territories of the subjects of the Russian
Federation;
-Land management schemes for municipal units and other administrative-
territorial units;
- Land use and protection schemes.
The function of land use and protection planning is directly related to land
cadastre, since it is possible to plan the use and protection of land as long as land
Cadastral data is available. Planning is carried out in order to determine the
prospects for long-term development of the territory on the basis of socio-
economic programs and approved land formation, urban planning, environmental
protection and other documents. The general scheme of Land Management is
drawn up for a long period of time and includes the solution of the largest socio-
economic, scientific and technical tasks for the organization of rational and
effective use and protection of land resources of republics, territories, regions and
autonomous units. It includes three stages: preparation of a scientific and technical
concept; development of the Basic rules of the scheme; preparation of a detailed
general scheme.
One of the most important ways to base and develop national economic
plans is the method of balance sheet in planning, which is used in the practice of
drawing up five-year and annual plans for industrial development in the territory
of the whole country, the republics, districts of the Federation. In accordance with
the federal law of 16 September 2003 in the Russian Federation "on the general
principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation"
issues of the use of industrial lands are resolved only with the consent of local
self-government bodies. Currently, the planning of land use and its protection is
carried out in accordance with the law of July 13, 2015 № 7"on Environmental
115
Protection", the Land Code of the Russian Federation and the industrial
legislation. The Ministry of economic development of Russia is the organizer of
the socio-economic development forecast of the Russian Federation. The
organization of forecasting and planning will be assisted by councils that
coordinate their activities in various sectors for the use of land resources. Their
composition is approved by the government of the Russian Federation. The
Council coordinates the actions of federal and regional executive bodies.
It should be noted that in the implementation of state programs aimed at
changing the architectural appearance of territories in many developed countries,
great attention is paid to the Prevention of cases of illegal seizure of land parcels
for state and public needs. For example, in the legislation of Russia, Belarus,
Kazakhstan, Georgia and a number of other countries, there are rules on the
liability of officials for damage to property due to non-compliance with the types
of compensation for the seizure or confiscation of land parcels or for the damage
to property caused by their failure to give them on time [7].
Figure 1. Principles of forecasting in the Russian Federation
3.
Materials and methods
116
Land fund -this is the sum of all lands that are considered to be objects of
ownership, use, lease of property in economic proceedings in a certain territory,
within its borders (in the country, region, district, etc.).
1.
Lands intended for agriculture are those lands that are intended for
agriculture and are intended for these purposes.
2.
Land of population punks — cities, villages land within the border line.
3.
Industrial transport, communication, defence and other intended lands are
those lands that are assigned to legal entities for use for the specified purposes.
4.
Lands intended for the purposes of conservation, health promotion,
recreation — lands owned by specially protected natural areas, possessing natural
healing factors, as well as land used for mass recreation and tourism.
5.
Lands of historical and cultural significance are lands on which historical
and cultural monuments are located.
6.
The lands of the forest fund are those lands that are given for forestry needs,
even if they are covered by forests, and also not covered by forests.
7.
The lands of the water fund — water bodies (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.),
gidrotechnical and water resources occupied lands.
8.
Reserve lands-all lands that are not owned, used or leased, not sold as
property, both legal and natural persons [1].
As a result of the study the term diversification of land use is proposed to
science.
Diversification of the use of land fund
- this is an educational concept
in which the effective use of land areas in the territory is constantly divided into
categories according to the established basic purpose, the classification according
to socio-economic demand is constantly changing.
As a result of the change in the purpose of the use of land resources in a particular
region for the purpose of effective use according to socio-economic requirements,
the diversification of the use of land resources takes place. This process is a
process that is always carried out [6].
The following Figure 2 lists a number of factors that can affect the decisions
taken at the scale of the administrative district.
117
Figure 2. Principles of forecasting the use of Districts
Today, in our country, the hidden market of land buying and selling,
corruption, non-compliance with the norms of construction is gaining momentum,
newly built houses are collapsing, less than half of the displaced population
received compensation. In order not to go to the prospect with such a heavy
inheritance, it is necessary to put a logical point, taking into account the omillarni
(Figure 3), which affects the decision-making on land use in the administrative
regions [8].
In order to strengthen the confidence of the population in the future, it is
necessary to strictly regulate the following practical processes on the basis of
normative documents (Figure 4).
The forecast indicators of the diversification of the use of the district land
fund should be indicated in the “General scheme of the diversification of the
District Land Fund” (Table 1). One of the main tasks of the main scheme is the
forecasting of the desired areas in the prospect of socio-economic sectors [9]. Here
in principle:
- land acquisition;
- smooth deployment of production forces;
-to eliminate the discrepancy between rural and urban;
-improve living conditions of the population;
-in the future, work will be carried out to calculate the required areas.
118
Figure 3. Factors affecting
In the diversification of the land fund, it is necessary to take into account
the following indicators as the main factor:
-district land fund fertility index – soil bonitation;
-the current export potential of the district (currently the export figure is high for
the types of crops, for the establishment of competitive production);
-effective use of available labor resources in the district (for the purpose of
raising the level of employment of the population) [4].
Table 1. The composition of the main scheme of diversification of the District
Land Fund
№
Name of departments
1
General characteristics of the Land Fund
2
Last year's assessment of land use in agricultural sectors
3
Justification of the demand for land plots in the main sectors of the economy
5
Proposals to increase the level of effective use of land
6
On measures for protection of land resources
7
The state of the near future 3-5-year changes in the territory of the district
119
8
Description of newly restored socio-economic facilities
9
Areas of population punks
10
Opportunities and activities for the development of land resources in the future
11
Legal changes in the regulation of land relations
12
Incentive measures for the effective use of land resources in the district
13
Investment projects for the use of land resources in the district
Figure 4. Measures
It is necessary to plan any activities carried out for the purpose of regulating
the diversification from the land fund on the scale of the district (city) on the lower
tier and take into account the peculiarity of the district territory as the main factor.
The main goal of diversification of the district's land fund is the development of
the district, increasing the attractiveness of innovation, ensuring employment of
the population [10]. The land fund and the land categories are constantly changing
according to the socio-economic requirements of society. In the Figure 6, the
cases mentioned above are listed. As a result of these cases, the process of
diversification of land resources use is carried out (Figure 7).
120
Figure 5. The main tasks that will be solved when drawing up the General
scheme of diversification of the use of the District Land Fund
121
Figure 6. Changes in the categories of the Land Fund in terms of
number and quality
Figure 7. The process of diversification use of land resources
4.
Analysis and results
One of the important factors in the diversification of the district area is the rise
in economic indicators. The district economic system is a complex regional system
that has a certain spatial dimension and is considered to be a complex one. It includes
the economic system of the district: production and labor potential, the effective
location of the productive forces, the standard of living and quality of life of the
population, the activities of local government bodies. The district economic system
has a complex structure and develops in uncertainty and diversity.
The total land area on the administrative border of the Altyaryk district of
Ferghana region, which is the object of the study, is 63088 hectares. The total land
area of the Altyaryk district is 40090 hectares. In the Altyaryk district there are
irrigated lands to 23092 [11].
Table 2. On average
points of land use bonus of
122
agricultural enterprises of
Altyaryk district
№
District name
1991-1997 years Since 1999
Since 2011
1
Altyaryk district
59
52
50
By region
66
56
56
In the Altyaryk district there are land plots for 1 January 2020 year to 4729.
The establishment of farmland lands, the provision of fields for gardening to
citizens is one of the important aspects of land reform [12]. The analysis of land
use situation with the study of the growth rate of demand for land by land
categories for the next 10 years is presented in Table 3. The analysis of land use
situation with the study of the growth rate of demand by land use categories is
presented in Table 3 [13].The demand for land in the population of Altyaryk
district is very high. In the northern part of the district, 23 thousand hectares of
land belonging to the administrative district are attached to the Central Ferghana.
And in the management of the district authorities there is an area of 40090
hectares. It would be appropriate to place projects on fruit vegetable, pistachio-
almond cluster, fruit and vegetable processing plant, solar power station,
population punk in the Altyaryk district lands of the Central Ferghana. The
projects for creating land for these projects will be presented below.
Also, the appearance of the future 2030-th year of the land fund is expressed in
the schematic card of the district land fund. In order to increase the share of
industry in GDP, We propose to master the lands around the territory of Zafarabad
gathering of rural citizens, to restore the modern population. Also, agricultural
lands offer the use of drip irrigation technology, the restoration of solar and wind
power stations while the population is 50 km away from the region of residence.
On the basis of the acquisition, exchange (transformation) of lands related to
agriculture at the disposal of agricultural enterprises, the amount of lands to be
123
appropriated is determined and obtained. Once the possibility of appropriated
lands is determined, the nature of its use is determined.
Table
3. The growth rate of the change of the district land fund by
categories
№
Land
categories
2010 years
2013 years
2016 years
2020 years
Area
,
hect
ars
On
accou
nt
of
%
compa
red to
the
total
Area
,
hect
ars
On
accou
nt
of
%
compa
red to
the
total
Area
,
hect
ars
On
accou
nt
of
%
compa
red to
the
total
Area
,
hect
ars
On
accou
nt
of
%
compa
red to
the
total
1
Land
of
agricultural
enterprises
1919
5
47,88
1919
5
47,88
1912
0
47,7
1912
2
47,7
2
Land where
the
population
lives
4710 11,75
4710 11,75
4710 11,75
4729 11,8
3
Land
for
industrial,
transport,
communica
tions
and
defense
purposes
2750 6,86
2763 6,89
2770 6,9
2788 6,95
4
Protection
of
nature
24
0,06
27
0,07
29
0,07
29
0,07
124
health,
recreation
Tourism
5
Lands
intended
for
historical
and cultural
purposes
40
0,1
40
0,1
40
0,1
40
0,1
6
Forest fund
land
1155 2,88
1157 2,89
1159 2,89
1159 2,89
7
Land of the
water
foundation
1784 4,45
1785 4,45
1786 4,45
1786 4,45
8
Reserve
lands
1043
2
26,02
1041
3
26
1047
6
26,13
1043
7
26,03
Total
4009
0
100
4009
0
100
4009
0
100
4009
0
100
Table
4. Description of lands where it is possible to master the prospect,
hectares
№
Name of land
resources
capable
of
mastering
Total,
hectares
It is mastered for the following purposes
Arable land Perennial
plantations
Hayfields
1.
Land
of
agricultural
enterprises
4494
-
3000
-
125
2.
Land where the
population lives
420
-
20
-
3.
Land
for
industrial,
transport,
communications
and
defense
purposes
463
-
13
-
4.
Protection
of
nature
Health,
Recreation
Tourism, Lands
intended
for
historical
and
cultural
purposes
31
-
31
-
5.
Forest
Fund
land
1114
-
274
-
6.
Land
of
the
water
Foundation
67
-
-
-
7.
Reserve lands
-
-
-
-
Total:
6589
-
3338
There are different methods of utilisation of land by appropriation and distribution
in agriculture, and each of these methods is described in Table 5.
Table
5. Reserve lands by the methods of appropriation, hectares
№
Including on the methods of mastering
126
Sources
of
opportunity
Total
area of
land
reserv
e
in
capaci
ty
Hydrotechni
cal
melioration
(Watering)
to
be
carried
out
cultural
technical
work
Recultivatio
n
Soil
spill
To
fla
tte
n
techn
ical
biolo
gical
1.
Land
of
agricultural
enterprises
4494
50
4354
30
40
-
20
2.
Land where the
population
lives
420
420
-
-
-
-
3.
Land
for
industrial,
transport,
communication
s and defense
purposes
463
-
463
-
-
-
-
4.
Protection
of
nature, health,
recreation,
tourism, Lands
intended
for
historical and
cultural
purposes
31
-
31
-
-
-
-
5.
Forest
fund
land
1114
18
665
274
112
34
11
127
6.
Land of the
water
Foundation
67
-
55
-
-
-
12
7.
Reserve lands
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total:
6589
68
5988
304
152
34
43
The scope and methods of land acquisition are agreed upon by the top managers
of the organization. The land areas to be mastered are determined on the map of
the land that is currently in use, and Table 6, which characterizes the lands that
are possible to be mastered by agricultural enterprises, is drawn up.
Table
6. Land opportunities for agricultural enterprises
Name of farms
Total
appropriated
land,
hectares
Including
Land where the
melioration
situation
is
improving
Pastures
Other
lands
Grape clusters
3000
-
200
2800
Pistachio-
almond cluster
3250
-
-
3250
Cotton cluster
6500
70
-
6430
Food
industry
manufacturers
80
-
30
80
Cherry-growing
clusters
1000
-
-
1000
Land appropriation in capacity is indicated in Table 6, in turn, the change in the
land composition of the district agricultural enterprises. According to the
calculations of the increase in the population of the district in Table 7, to be
restored are given the calculations of the population punk areas that need.
128
Table
7.
Distribution of population by land plots in Altyaryk district
(forecast figures result to 2030-th year)
Residents of Altyaryk
district
(thousand people)
Number of
farmland
land plots
On average,
the
area
allocated to
1
farm,
hectares
Population land area,
hectares
1
2
3
4
210,5
35775
0,1325
4740
Forecast indicators
+35,5 > 38 < +40,5
(forecast
result
to
2030-th year)
+10500
+0,04
5160
In the sphere of land formation, a map is drawn up that reflects the state of the
terrain use in accordance with the approved conditional signs.
5.
Discussion.
Due to the potential of each region for the development of the country, it would
be worthwhile to plan and implement economic and social projects in practice.
In the Altyaryk district was formed a high peasant culture. The demand for land
in the population is very high. As a result of the measures developed for the
purpose of diversification of the district lands, the further development of the level
of entrepreneurship among the population living in the district, the further
increase in the level of employment of the population. Considered one of the
problems that is still being preserved at the moment, it would be worthwhile to
apply financial measures, tax and customs benefits to practice in a more
comprehensive and transparent manner. After all, the increase in revenues from
exports of goods and products grown in the district leads to an increase in budget
indicators, which leads to an increase in investment attractiveness, the prosperity
of the lifestyle of the population.
129
6.
Acknowledgement
We express my gratitude to the “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural
Mechanization Engineers” National Research University for their comprehensive
assistance in carrying out the research work Department of "Land use".
7.
Conclusion and suggestions
We propose to develop and implement the following programs in order to regulate
the development of the district territory through the diversification of the land
fund:
1. Industrial development programs.
2. Regulation of agricultural development. In this the following sorting methods
are used:
- the volume of products in the regions, the regulation of the specialization of
agricultural crop areas and regions;
- establishment of social and market infrastructure in the village:
- improvement of land reclamation status of agricultural lands;
-improvement and strengthening of material and technical base of agricultural
enterprises, creation of a network of enterprises for the provision of services to
production;
- construction of nature protection and hydrotechnical devices;
- financial support of loss-bearing and low-yield agricultural enterprises.
In accordance with the program of deepening economic reforms in agriculture,
measures should be taken to continue the processes of formation of the class of
owners, farmer farms, peasant farms, cooperations, clusters in the village, increase
soil fertility, improve selection and seed production, increase the volumes of
agricultural production.
3. The regions are regulated by the effective use of export potential and the
predominance of exportable commodities. It is desirable to establish joint ventures
in the regions of the district, create targeted programs for attracting foreign
investments and create tax, customs, credit incentives for their promotion.
130
4. Development of transport and communication system. The construction of
railways, highways in the regions of the district is an important part of the
territorial policy. As a result of this, a favorable environment will be created for
the quality of transport links of the regions with the center, foreign economic
relations of the region, districts, entrepreneurship, business development,
attraction of foreign investments.
5. Regulation of social development of territories. In the regulation of the social
sphere there will be levels of Republican, territorial and local government. State
regulation of the social development of the district territory is carried out through
territorial programs. Proceeding from the specific socio-economic indicators of
each territory, it is expedient if programs are drawn up by professionals of their
field.
References
1. Land Code Republic of Uzbekistan.
2. Evelyn Brister & Elizabeth N. Hane (2013): Diversification of Land
Management Goals and Strategies in Response to Climate Change, Ethics, Policy
& Environment, 16:1, 26-28. DOI:10.1080/21550085.2013.768387.
3. Brenda B. Lin. Resilience in Agriculture through Crop Diversification:
Adaptive Management for Environmental Change. BioScience, Volume 61, Issue
3, 1 March 2011, -P. 183-185, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.3.4.
4. Altiev, A.S, Ugli, M.M.D. Methods of forecasting and management of land
fund diversification in local areas. International Journal of Recent Technology
and
Engineering, 2019, 8(3
Special
Issue), pp.
403–411.
DOI:
10.35940/ijrte.C1086.1083S19
5.
Jakub Horák., Jan Materna., Josef P. Halda., Strahinja Mladenović., Petr
Bogusch., Pavel Pech. Biodiversity in remnants of natural mountain forests under
conservation-oriented management. SCientifiC REPORTS| (2019) 9:89 |
DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-35448-7
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6. Abdurashid, A., Muhammadbek, M. Improvement of the regulation
mechanisms of the land use diversification. International Journal of
Pharmaceutical
Research, 2020, 12(4), pp.
668–672.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.110
7. Dr. Siti Balkis., Dr. Ndan Imang., Mursidah, MP. Assessment of Land Use
Changes and Implication to Diversification of Income
Sources and
Environment
(Case Study at two Indigenous Dayak Ethnics in Miau Baru and
Pampang Village).
8. Mаhsudov, M. D. (2019). Диверсификация землепользования является
фактором развития. Monograph. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 71-72.
9. Muhammadbek, M. (2018). Improving the Methods of Forecasting the
Diversification of the Land Fund in the Region. International Journal of
Engineering, 2(4), 88-92. doi: 10.11648/j.ijem.20180204.12
10. Ugli, М. M. D. (2019). Economic evаluation of land in land fund
diversification. International
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www.oltiariq.uz
website information.
132
ЕР ИСЛОҲОТИНИ БАРҚАРОР ИҚТИСОДИЙ ЎСИШ
ЭҲТИЁЖЛАРИГА МОС ТАРЗДА РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШ УСТУВОР
ЙЎНАЛИШЛАРИ
и.ф.д., проф. А.С.Алтиев – “ТИҚХММИ” МТУ
Жамиятимиз ва иқтисодиётимизнинг шиддат билан ўзгариб ва ўсиб
бораётган эҳтиёжларини қондириш ўз навбатида ер ислоҳотини амалга
оширишни тақозо қилади. Зеро, бугунги кунда дунёда ер ислоҳоти билан
боғлиқ кўплаб муаммолар кузатилмоқда. Масалан, ерларни қайта
тақсимлашнинг
кескинлашиши,
ерлар
иқтисодий
унумдорлиги
пасайишининг олдини олиш ва инвестицияларнинг тақчиллиги, ерлар
деградациясини бошқаришда иқтисодий услубларнинг камлиги, қишлоқ
хўжалиги ерларининг оборотдан чиқиб кетишининг олдини олиш шулар
жумласидандир. Ерлар мелиоратив ҳолатининг бузилиши, эрозия,
қурғоқчилик ва қум босиши, шўрланишнинг кучайиши, саноат ва транспорт
қурилишлари, фойдали қазилмаларнинг очиқ тарзда ўзлаштирилиши,
техноген омиллар натижасида ерларнинг оборотдан чиқарилиши
жадаллашиб бормоқда. Натижада кўплаб мамлакатлардаги каби
мамлакатимизда ҳам ер фондини сақлаб қолиш ва унинг таркибини тартибга
солиш бўйича чора-тадбирлар амалга оширилмоқда.
Давлатимиз Раҳбарининг жуда кўплаб қарорларида, вилоятларга
ташрифлари чоғида ер ислоҳотининг бугунги кун талабларига жавоб
бермаётгани таъкидланмоқда, ерларни ҳисобга олишдан тортиб инвестиция
жараёнларида ерларимизнинг иштироки, кўплаб ижтимоий муаммоларни
ечиш ерларни тўғри ва адолатли тақсимлаш ва қайта тақсимлашга
боғлиқлиги асослаб берилмоқда. Шунинг учун ҳам, ер ислоҳоти
механизмларини такомиллаштириш нафақат қишлоқ хўжалигини барқарор
ривожлантириш, тадбиркорлик субъектлари, кластерлар, фермер, деҳқон
хўжалиги ва томорқа ерларидан самарали фойдаланиш, балки иш
133
жойларини яратиш, камбағалликни қисқартириш, ишлаб чиқариш
рақобатдошлигини ошириш, озиқ-овқат хавфсизлигини таъминлаш ва
экспорт салоҳиятини юксалтириш борасидаги энг муҳим устувор
вазифалардан бирига айланмоқда. Масалан, ноқишлоқ хўжалиги ер
участкаларини хусусийлаштириш, ерларни субижарага беришнинг,
кластерларда ер муносабатларининг ёки ерларни активга (капиталга)
айлантириш аниқ механизмларининг мазмун-моҳиятини халқимиз
кутмоқда. Чунки ер ислоҳотини ижтимоий-иқтисодий ўсиш, экология,
ишлаб чиқарувчи субъектлар манфаатларига мос ҳолда татбиқ этиш тобора
долзарблашиб объектив заруратга айланмоқда.
Бугунги кунда ўтган асрда қабул қилинган Ер кодекси ер
ислоҳотининг ташкилий-ҳуқуқий асоси ролини бажараолмаяпти. Унда
ерларни қайта тақсимлаш, хусусийлаштириш, аукцион, ерларнинг бозор
айланмаси, кадастр баҳоси каби тушунчалар ишлатилмаган, бу эса ер
муносабатларида бозор механизми шаклланмаганлиги, ушбу Кодекснинг
мамлакатимизда иқтисодий ўсиш эҳтиёжларига мос келмаётганлигидан
дарак беради ва уни янги таҳрирда ишлаб чиқиб, тезроқ парламентимизга
киритиш зарур.
Чунки сўнги йилларда ер ресурсларини бошқаришдаги камчиликлар,
бу борадаги ҳуқуқий, ижтимоий-иқтисодий, экологик механизмларнинг
тўлиқ
шаклланмаганлиги
маълум
даражада
ерлардан
тизимсиз
фойдаланишга, уларнинг жиддий деградациялашувига олиб келди. Ер
ижараси ҳуқуқининг иқтисодий мазмуни аниқ эмас, ернинг бозор баҳоси
йўқ, ер солиғи ердан фойдаланишда рағбатлантирувчи ролни бажармаяпти.
Шунинг учун ҳам, бизнинг фикримизча, ердан фойдаланишга концептуал
жиҳатдан иқтисодий асосга қурилган тизимли ёндашув бўлиши лозим.
Холбуки, ердан фойдаланиш иқтисодиёт ва жамият ривожланишининг
объектив, зарурий шартидир, бу эса унинг доимо ривожланиб ва муайян
тенденцияларга эга бўлиб борадиган динамик жараён эканлигини
билдиради. Бинобарин, иқтисодиёт ва жамият томонидан ерлардан
