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NAMES OF CULTURES AND BASIC CONCEPTS
OF NATIONAL CULTURE
Umida ABDUKARIMOVA
Student of International Journalism faculty
Names of culture and basic concepts of national culture is topic which actual
because most of researches believe that societal requirements and requests played
important role in sudden popularity of culture. First, society needed to consolidate and
transmit spiritual ideals, which could disappear along with their originator outside of
human life's social structures. The fact that "culture" is one of those broad historical
ideas that is applicable to all periods of time must be emphasized. People began to grasp
this as soon as mankind first appeared on the planet, and they came to understand that
every step someone took to improve in society was also advancing culture. Every
historical period and every kind of society had a unique culture.
What is culture? Generally accepted without doubt, a group of people's actions,
beliefs, values, and symbols make up its culture. This way of life is passed down from
one generation to the next through communication and imitation. Communication
through symbols is culture.
Culture can be generally defined as human activity in all of its varied expressions,
encompassing all kinds and modes of self-expression and selfknowledge, the
development of abilities and skills by an individual and society as a whole. The
manifestation of human subjectivity and objectivity can also be seen in culture
(character, competencies skills, abilities and knowledge).
Additionally, It is common to distinguish between civilization's material and
spiritual components. Material culture refers to all objects and things created by man.
It is designed to meet the needs of people. A natural object is used as a source material,
which is transformed into food, clothing, decoration, furniture, painting, building.
Spiritual culture is a type of culture that suggests the development of principles, values,
and ideas by the use of the intellect. There's a chance that it's devoid of emotion. Its
manifestations include morality, religion, and philosophy.
People are incorporated into society through culture, which also protects the
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community's integrity. However, by uniting individuals on the basis of a subculture, it
sets them against others and divides larger communities. These larger populations may
experience cultural conflicts. Therefore, culture can and frequently does serve a
destroying purpose. Values, goals, conventions, and behavioral patterns become
established in an individual's self-consciousness as a result of socialization. Her
behavior is shaped and controlled by them. It might be claimed that a person's behavior
should and can be governed by their culture as a whole. Human behavior is governed
by culture, which establishes a set of rules and prohibitions for conduct in the home, at
work, at school, and other settings.
In relation to society, culture plays certain functions as a necessary reality. There
are 5 functions: Adaptive function, Communicative function, Information function,
Cognitive function, Human-creative function.
Adaptive function: Culture guarantees that individuals can adapt to their
surroundings. The word "adaptation" simply means "to adapt." Through the process of
biological evolution, both animals and plants create adaption mechanisms. The way
humans adapt is fundamentally different; instead of adapting to their environment, they
change it to suit themselves, so establishing a new artificial environment.
Culture shapes the circumstances and techniques of human communication as part
of its communicative function. Together, individuals construct culture, which is both a
condition and an outcome of communication.
The information function of culture: As culture developed, mankind developed a
unique "suprabiological" method for transmitting and storing knowledge that sets them
apart from other animals. Information in culture is encoded through structures that are
not internal to the individual.
The cognitive function of culture is based on a set of knowledge requirements,
human forces of nature and society mastery, and the degree of "human" growth in man.
Culture includes all facets of societal awareness, and when viewed as a whole, it paints
a holistic picture of global knowledge and advancement. Of course, culture cannot be
reduced to the sum of all information about the world, but one of its most crucial
components is systematic scientific knowledge.
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The human-creative function involves more than just how well people understand
their surroundings. Culture also reflects the level of peoples' talents and skills as they
are expressed in their daily lives, in addition to how far social consciousness has
developed as a whole. Life is incredibly complex, and as a result, individuals are always
faced with brand-new issues. As a result, there is a need for understanding of social
processes from both scientific and artistic and aesthetic viewpoints.
And also, geographically, it is possible to define such cultural regions and
traditional cultures:
1.
Arab-Muslim cultural region
2.
Far Eastern
3.
Indian
4.
African (West and Central Africa and East and South Africa)
5.
Latin American Culture
6.
European Cultural Region
7.
Culture of the North American region
8.
The culture of the Slavs.
To sum up I realized that culture plays a significant role in human existence.
It's interesting that there are many different definitions of culture. These meanings are
not decreasing; rather, they are still expanding.
Language, religion, food, social customs, music, and the arts are all aspects of a
specific group of people's knowledge and traits, or culture.
The importance of culture in society cannot be underestimated. It influences their
content by interacting with economics, politics, law, ethics, and morals.
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