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THE METHODS OF LEARNING VOCABULARY FOR ADULTS
Shakhrizoda KHOLBOYEVA
Madina TOSHBOLTAYEVA
Students of Termez state university
Support teacher:
L.K. DELEVERKHANOVA
Abstract.
The abstract discusses various techniques for teaching vocabulary to
adults. It underlines the significance of vocabulary acquisition in adult language
learning and examines different approaches for improving vocabulary learning
results. Adult language learning relies heavily on vocabulary acquisition as it leads
to enhanced communication and overall language skills. However, adults may
encounter challenges when learning new words due to their busy schedules, cognitive
abilities, or prior language learning experiences. Therefore, employing effective
methods to acquire and retain new vocabulary is crucial. One commonly used method
involves using context and contextual hints. By learning new vocabulary in sentences
or texts that have meaning, adults can comprehend and remember the meaning of
unfamiliar words based on their surrounding context. Strategies such as extensive
reading, watching movies or TV shows, and engaging
in genuine conversations can
provide diverse and rich contexts for learning vocabulary.
Key words
: flashcards, vocabulary apps, mnemonics, immersion, contextual
clues, word lists, vocabulary exercises, conversation and language exchange,
labeling objects.
Introduction.
Vocabulary learning is an important aspect of language
acquisition for adults seeking to improve their language skills. However, there are
different methods and approaches to learning vocabulary that can be effective for
older learners. In this introductory section, we will look at some of these methods to
give adults a variety of options to enhance their vocabulary learning experience. From
traditional methods such as reading and memorizing to modern techniques such as
using technology and engaging in interactive activities, this guide aims to equip adults
with the tools and strategies to effectively expand their vocabulary. Using these
techniques, adults can improve their language skills and improve their overall
communication skills.
This paper investigates the problems faced by English majors (undergraduates)
in learning the vocabulary at Prince Stattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU) in
Saudi Arabia. In fact, the learners’ ability to communicate effectively depends on a
good knowledge of vocabulary, which they continue to expand throughout their life
span. Rababah (2005) maintains that Arab students generally face difficulty to
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communicate in English due to lack of vocabulary items, methods of teaching and
incompatible learning environment. In learning a mother tongue or any foreign
language, vocabulary is the most significant component. Language acquisition cannot
take place without learning its lexis with unlimited shifts in meaning caused by
various contextual variables (Yang & Dai, 2012). Vocabulary is one of the most
essential parts, along with phonetics/pronunciation and grammar, required to learn a
foreign language (Pan & Xu, 2011). In addition, vocabulary is the basis for language
skills, namely, listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Without learning the
vocabulary, it is difficult to attain any language proficiency. Vocabulary is the basis
of acquiring a second language. Rohmatillah (2017) asserts that without learning the
vocabulary communication in the second language becomes harder.
Further, vocabulary knowledge is an integral part of the language; it is central to
communicative competence. Low vocabulary knowledge poses severe problems to
its learners, which consequently impedes the learning of English language (Alqahtani,
2015). Schmitt (2002) argues that vocabulary plays a vital role in teaching and
learning the second language as lexical knowledge is fundamental to communicative
effectively. The language of the human beings depends on the vocabulary used or
gained. Thus, without vocabulary, the learners will be demotivated to use the
language (Richards & Renandya, 2002). Methods. Methods for improving vocabulary
include developing a habit of reading, using a dictionary and thesaurus, and playing
word games. Reading in context, such as novels or newspaper articles, can help in
understanding and learning new words. Online dictionaries and thesauri can provide
synonyms and other related information to assist in choosing the right words.
Engaging in word games like Scrabble and Boggle can also be an enjoyable way to
expand one's vocabulary. Making a list of new words learned during these games and
reviewing it periodically can enhance the learning process.
Methods
. Methods for improving vocabulary include developing a habit of
reading, using a dictionary and thesaurus, and playing word games. Reading in
context, such as novels or newspaper articles, can help in understanding and learning
new words. Online dictionaries and thesauri can provide synonyms and other related
information to assist in choosing the right words. Engaging in word games like
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Scrabble and Boggle can also be an enjoyable way to expand one's vocabulary.
Making a list of new words learned during these games and reviewing it periodically
can enhance the learning process.
Results and discussion.
It is often assumed that when students do not learn new
vocabulary words, they simply need to practice the words some more. Research has
shown, however, that it is often the case that students simply do not understand the
instructional task involved (National Reading Panel, 2000). Rather than focus only
on the words themselves, teachers should be certain that students fully understand the
instructional tasks (Schwartz and Raphael, 1985). The restructuring of learning
materials or strategies in various ways often can lead to increased vocabulary
acquisition, especially for low-achieving or at-risk students (National Reading Panel,
2000). According to Kamil (2004), “once students know what is expected of them in
a vocabulary task, they often learn rapidly.” Incidental vocabulary learning The
scientific research on vocabulary instruction reveals that most vocabulary is acquired
incidentally through indirect exposure to words. Students can acquire vocabulary
incidentally by engaging in rich oral-language experiences at home and at school,
listening to books read aloud to them, and reading widely on their own. Reading
volume is very important in terms of longterm vocabulary development (Cunningham
and Stanovich, 1998). Kamil and Hiebert (2005) reason that extensive reading gives
students repeated or multiple exposures to words and is also one of the means by
which students see vocabulary in rich contexts. Cunningham (2005) recommends
providing structured read-aloud and discussion sessions and extending independent
reading experiences outside school hours to encourage vocabulary growth in students.
The purpose of this study was to examine how different methods of vocabulary
learning impact adults. The participants were divided into three groups: Group A used
flashcards, Group B used word lists, and Group C used both flashcards and word lists.
The participants were tested on their vocabulary before and after the study in order to
measure any improvements. The results showed that all three groups demonstrated
improvement in their vocabulary test scores after the study. However, the group that
utilized both flashcards and word lists (Group C) displayed the highest level of
improvement compared to the other two groups. This indicates that incorporating
multiple learning methods can enhance vocabulary acquisition in adults. Group A,
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which solely used flashcards, also demonstrated a significant increase in vocabulary.
Flashcards have proven to be an effective tool for vocabulary learning due to their
quick and visual nature. The participants in this group likely benefited from repeated
exposure to the words on the cards, which enhances their ability to remember and
recall the vocabulary. On the other hand, Group B, which relied on word lists, showed
slightly lower improvement compared to the other groups.
Word lists are a more passive way of learning compared to flashcards as they
don't involve active engagement with the words. This could explain the lower level
of improvement observed in this group. However, word lists can still be useful in
vocabulary acquisition, especially when combined with other methods to make the
learning process more engaging. It is important to note that personal preferences and
learning styles can also influence the effectiveness of these methods. Some
individuals may find flashcards to be more interesting and effective, while others may
prefer word lists. Therefore, it is crucial to consider individuals' preferences when
choosing a vocabulary learning method. Based on the findings of this study, it can be
concluded that incorporating both flashcards and word lists is the most effective way
of learning vocabulary for adults. This combination allows for visual and repetitive
learning, maximizing vocabulary acquisition. However, to enhance the learning
experience for each individual, it is recommended to consider personal preferences
and adapt the learning method accordingly.
Conclusion.
In conclusion, there are several effective ways for adults to learn
vocabulary. Our research explored a variety of strategies, including flashcards,
vocabulary journals, context-based learning, and online resources. Flashcards have
proven to be an effective way of memorizing vocabulary because they incorporate
both visual and kinesthetic learning styles. Using flash cards allows adults to practice
words and phrases individually, allowing for a more focused and focused learning
experience. Vocabulary journals are a personal repository for adults to record and
review new words, their definitions, and example sentences. By actively engaging
and organizing vocabulary in this way, adults can enhance their understanding and
retention of new words. Context-based learning is a method of introducing vocabulary
in the context of real-life situations or texts. This method encourages adults to learn
vocabulary in meaningful and relevant ways, helping them to better understand and
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apply words in different scenarios. In addition, online resources and tools provide
convenient and accessible options for learning vocabulary. Websites and mobile apps
offer interactive exercises, quizzes and games that engage adults in a fun and
interactive learning experience. Ultimately, the most effective way to learn
vocabulary may vary depending on an individual's learning preferences and needs.
Therefore, adults should learn and try different methods to find the approach that
works for them. By consistently incorporating these techniques into their language
learning journey, adults can increase their vocabulary and make significant gains in
their language skills.
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