Том 4 № 1 (2025): Models and methods in modern science

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasida pedagogik maqomning belgilanishi va uning ahamiyati haqida batafsil ma'lumot beriladi. Konstitutsiyada ta'lim va pedagoglar uchun berilgan huquqlar va majburiyatlar tahlil qilinadi. Pedagogik maqomning yuksak darajada belgilanishi O‘zbekistonda ta'lim tizimining rivojlanishi va sifatli kadrlar tayyorlashga qaratilgan siyosiy va ijtimoiy, madaniy – marifiy  islohotlarning muhim qismi ekanligi ko‘rsatiladi. Maqolada pedagoglarning jamiyatdagi o‘rni va davlat tomonidan ularga ko‘rsatiladigan e'tiborning ahamiyati ham yoritiladi.

Homila ichidagi infeksiyalar homiladorlik davrida ona va homilaga jiddiy zarar yetkazishi mumkin. Bu infeksiyalar timus organining normal rivojlanishiga va funktsiyalariga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Timus, immun tizimining markaziy organi sifatida, homilalik davrda organizmning immunitetini shakllantirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Mazkur maqolada homila ichidagi infeksiyalarning timus tuzilmalari va uning funktsiyalariga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi, patomorforlogik o‘zgarishlar va uning klinik ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Listening is a fundamental skill in language acquisition, often regarded as the cornerstone of effective communication. This article examines various strategies for developing listening skills in learners of foreign languages, emphasizing the role of pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening activities. By employing these strategies, educators can help learners overcome comprehension challenges and enhance their ability to process spoken language.

Бугунги кунда терроризмга қарши кураш борасида катта тажрибага эга бўлган давлатларда қабул қилинган қонунлар таҳлили ушбу феномен тавсифида турли ёндашувлар мавжудлигини кўрсатди.

Данная статья посвящена анализу ключевых мер, направленных на повышение стабильности функционирования экономической системы как в разрезе отдельных объектов, так и в комплексе. Мы рассмотрим различные инструменты, применяемые для повышения устойчивости и адаптивности к внешним и внутренним шокам, а также проанализируем их эффекты в контексте различных секторов экономики.

Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston aholisi geografiyasi va hududiy taqsimlanishi haqida.  Unda demografik o‘sish, urbanizatsiya va migratsiya jarayonlari tahlil qilingan. Ekologik muammolar va ularning aholi joylashuviga ta’siri yoritilgan.

In this article, Graham Greene tried to express the characters in different images in his works, including the child's relationship with his parents, the formation of the concept of egoism in people and its negative consequences, spiritual and psychological problems in people and their solutions, religious and worldly problems, in depicting the problems of society expressed in the works through their characters

Challenges and Consequences Literary translation is a nuanced art that involves much more than converting words from one language to another. A translator must capture the essence, style, cultural context, and emotional resonance of the original work. However, this complexity often leads to errors that can affect the story, its characters, or even the meaning of the text.

Ushbu maqolada don mahsulotlari, donda uchraydigan asosiy vitaminlar, donlarning sifati, snek mahsulotlari,  to'liq donli gazak retseptini ishlab chiqish bosqichlari haqida ma’lumot berilgan.

Olib borilgan ushbu tadqiqotda, korxonalarda oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarish jarayonida mahsulotlarning sifati va xavfsizligiga ta’sir etuvchi omillarni minimallashtirish, ularni nazorat qilishga asoslangan xalqaro standart va tizimlarning tahlili yoritilgan.

The evolving landscape of insurance has generated a sophisticated lexicon with multiple overlapping layers of meaning. In English, key insurance terms often exhibit polysemy – where one word has several related meanings – thus posing interpretive challenges for policyholders, language learners, and industry professionals alike. This article explores the linguistic dimensions of polysemous insurance terms, drawing on theories of applied linguistics and semantics to demonstrate how historical, cultural, and legal shifts expand the conceptual reach of such terminology. By analyzing examples of English insurance discourse, the article provides insight into the implications of polysemy for cross-cultural communication, policy interpretation, and industry-specific documentation. Recommendations are offered for translators, educators, and insurance professionals, emphasizing the importance of context-bound interpretations and clear definitional frameworks.

Yurtimizning har bir sohasi kundan kunga taraqqiy etib bormoqdaki, yosh avlodlarning aqliy va jismoniy salohiyati eng birinchilardan e’tiborga va ko’makka muhtojdir. Shunday ekan, maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarga ta’lim berishda eng so’nggi va samarali uslublarni tanlab olish ahamiyatlidir. Maktabgacha ta’lim jarayonida multimedia vositalaridan keng foydalanish juda ko’p imkoniyatlarni va samaradorlikni o’z ichiga oladi.

Туғма бронх аномалиялари нафас олиш йўлларининг ривожланишидаги бузилишлар билан боғлиқ бўлиб, янги туғилган чақалоқларда мураккаб патологияларга олиб келади. Бу аномалиялар турли хил морфологик бузилишлар, хусусан, бронхиоларнинг гипоплазияси, гипертрофияси ва эпителий ўзгаришларини ўз ичига олади. Эпигенетик омиллар туғма аномалиялар ва уларнинг ривожланишидаги муҳим факторлардан бири ҳисобланади. Эпигенетика — бу генетик маълумотлардан ташқари, ҳужайралардаги генларнинг фаолиятини бошқарувчи молекуляр механизмларни ўрганиш соҳасидир.

This article discusses the role and importance of riddles in English for elementary school students in children's literature, as well as the benefits of riddles in improving children's oral speech practice and developing mental abilities.

О́пухоль (от-греч. -ομα, лат. tumor),также новообразование, неоплазия, неоплазма-патологический процесс которое  представленный с собой новообразованной тканью, в которой изменения идёт генетического аппарата клеток в последтвии этого  произойдет  нарушение регуляции их роста и дифференцировки.

Abdominal surgery is one of the most difficult and requires special attention in surgical practice. Purulent infections are one of the most serious and dangerous complications after such interventions, which can lead to sepsis, prolonged recovery of the patient, and even death. Prevention of these complications is crucial to improve clinical outcomes and improve patients' quality of life.

In an era of increasing regulatory complexity, commercial banks face immense challenges in maintaining compliance with legal, ethical, and operational standards. Compliance control, a critical function in banking, ensures adherence to these standards, mitigating risks and fostering trust among stakeholders. Technology has emerged as a transformative force, strengthening compliance control mechanisms by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and transparency. This article examines the role of technology in improving compliance control in commercial banks, exploring key innovations, benefits, challenges, and future trends.

Ushbu maqolada o’zbek adabiyotining mashhur shoirasi Zulfiyaning hayoti, ijodi va uning she’riyatiga bo’lgan o'ziga xos yondashuvlari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Zulfiyaning she’rlari insonparvarlik, muhabbat va sadoqat kabi ezgu g'oyalarni o’zida mujassamlashtirgan. Shoiraning ijodi nafaqat o’zbek adabiyotining boyligini, balki butun Turk dunyosining madaniy merosini ham ifodalagan. Maqolada Zulfiyaning she’riyati, uning estetik didi va ma’naviyati, shuningdek, uning she’rlaridagi insonparvarlik va muhabbat tushunchalari keng yoritiladi. Zulfiyaning ijodining o'ziga xosligi va uning o’z she’rlarida yaratgan chuqur ma’no va tasvirlar adabiyotga yangicha nafas kiritganligi haqida so’z yuritiladi

this article analyzes existing problems in criminal law theory and practice of punishment for corruption crimes, as well as foreign experience. in this regard, the jud the judicial practice has been thoroughly analyzedhas been thoroughly analyzed

Mazkur maqolada pedagogik innovatsiyalarning ta’lim jarayoniga tadbiq etilishining muhim jihatlari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada o‘qituvchilarning malakasini oshirish, o‘quv jarayonini texnologik ta’minlash va o‘quvchilarning individual ehtiyojlarini hisobga olgan holda o‘qitishning samaradorligini oshirishning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Pedagogik innovatsiyalarning ta’limga kiritilishi o‘quvchilarning ijodiy va tanqidiy fikrlash ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda muhim rol o‘ynashi ta’kidlanadi.

Pedagogical strategies play a crucial role in effectively teaching writing skills to A2 level learners. These strategies provide guidance and structure, helping learners develop their paragraph and short composition writing abilities. By employing appropriate pedagogical strategies, educators can create a supportive learning environment and facilitate learners' progress in writing.

Ushbu maqolada toifalangan maxsus obyektlarni qo‘riqlashga jalb etiladiga harbiy xizmatchilarning barqaror  axloqiy – ruhiy holatini shakllantirish, ushlab turish va qayta tiklashni ta’minlash yo‘llari haqida tavsiyalar  etiladi.

Abdurauf Fitrat, haqida ma'lumotlar aytilgan.

Ushbu maqola urushlar va global ekologik muammolar o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni o‘rganadi. Urushlar faqat insoniyatning ijtimoiy va siyosiy tuzilmasiga ta'sir qilibgina qolmay, balki ekologik barqarorlikka ham tahdid soladi. Maqolada urushlar natijasida yuzaga keladigan ekologik o‘zgarishlar, tabiiy resurslarning kamayishi va atrof-muhitning zararlanishi kabi masalalar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola o‘zida ekologik muammolarni hal etishning amaliy yo‘llari va urushlarning  bu jarayondagi salbiy ta'sirini kamaytirishning imkoniyatlarini taqdim etadi.

Ushbu  ishda (Dubna sh.,RF) Birlashgan yadro tadqiqotlari instituti (BYaTI) yuqori energiyalar fizikasi laboratoriyasining 2-metrli propoanli pufakchali kamerasida surtaga olingan, impulsi 4,2 AGeV/c bo῾lgan deytronlarning uglerod yadrosi bilan to’qnashuvlarida hosil bo῾lgan π^- , π⁺  -mezonlar hamda protonlar ko῾plamchiligining to῾qnashuv markaziyligidan bog῾liqligi bo῾yicha yangi tajriba ma’lumotlari keltirilgan. Markaziylik darajasi chegarasi sifatida, impulsi  0,3 GeV/c dan kichik bo῾lgan protonlar hisobga olinmagan holda, voqealardagi musbat va manfiy zaryadlangan zarralar ko῾plamchiliklari farqiga teng bo῾lgan Q parameter olingan.

This thesis analyzes innovative methods of developing creativity in the educational process. The formation of creative thinking is an important factor in the modern educational system, and the use of non-traditional approaches and advanced technologies in the pedagogical process increases the ability of students to think independently and critically. The thesis examines the effectiveness of innovative methods such as creating a creative learning environment, interactive methods, gamification, project-based education, STEAM and design thinking approaches on a scientific basis. The pedagogical and psychological aspects of developing creativity are also analyzed, and the mechanisms of their application in the educational process are highlighted.

This thesis analyzes the process of preparing future teachers for innovative activities. The importance of introducing pedagogical innovations in the modern educational process, the role of innovative approaches in developing the professional competencies of teachers are substantiated. The thesis also extensively covers the methods and technologies used in the process of preparing for innovative activities, interactive teaching methods, and the impact of modern information and communication technologies. The results of the research are devoted to the problems facing teachers in creating an innovative educational environment and their solutions.

This article analyzes the mechanisms of forming national education in the family based on a competency approach and its effective organization. The role of the family as an educational environment, the process of transmitting national values ​​to generations as a continuous heritage, as well as issues of increasing the effectiveness of national education using modern pedagogical technologies are discussed. The application of a competency approach to the process of family education is analyzed to ensure the socio-cultural adaptation of children and youth, and has a positive impact on their spiritual maturity. The article also describes innovative methods of family education, ways to develop pedagogical and psychological competencies in the process of education, and practical recommendations.

This article analyzes the pedagogical features of developing physical qualities in students. The methods of forming such important qualities as strength, speed, endurance, agility and flexibility in the process of physical education are scientifically justified. Also, the factors affecting the physical development of students, the effectiveness of the use of modern innovative technologies and pedagogical methods are considered. The results of the study include methodological recommendations aimed at increasing the effectiveness of physical education classes.

This thesis analyzes the concept of thinking, its content and essence, and its impact on the student's personal development on a scientific and theoretical basis. The role of educational factors in the formation of thinking, its importance in the development of human intellectual potential, is shown. At the same time, factors affecting the development of thinking and ways to improve them are considered. During the study, various forms of thinking and their impact on students' creative and critical thinking abilities are analyzed. The thesis also highlights strategies for developing thinking based on modern psychological and pedagogical approaches.

This thesis discusses the issue of developing students' independent thinking skills through the use of the problem-based learning method. Problem-based learning serves to increase students' activity, form their independent decision-making and creative problem-solving skills. The thesis analyzes the essence of problem-based learning, its basic principles and effectiveness. Also, the prospects for the application of this method in the modern education system, pedagogical approaches and practical results are studied on a scientific and theoretical basis.