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The role of a modern English teacher as an innovator comes down to the fact that he/she is
capable of responding to the societal demands by fostering life skills on top of language competencies in
their learners.
REFERENCES
:
1.
David Carless. ―Innovation in language teaching and learning‖
2.
Jasmin J. Thangakumari. ―Innovations in English language teaching‖
3.
Vitthal V. Parab. ―Innovative Techniques, Methods & Trends in English Language Teaching‖
LEARNING ENGLISH IDIOMS THROUGH THE METHODS OF TRANSLATION
Yermekbaeva A.SH.
1
, Meiirbekov A.K.
2
, Bayirkhan U.B.
3
, Zholdasbek S.E.
4
1,2
PhD, Senior teacher of English Philology and Translation Studies Department
3,4
4
th
year student of English Philology and Translation Studies Department
1,2,3,4
Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Turkestan, Kazakhstan
e-mail: aisulu.ermekbaeva@ayu.edu.kz
Резюме:
Эта статья рассматривает идиомы, их появление в речи и синтаксические особенности.
Цель исследования – изучить и продемонстрировать особенности перевода идиом, в добавок
выявить какие способы являются самыми действенными для их запоминания в процессе изучения.
В статье использованы методы анкетирования студентов, которые изучают английский язык и
исследования среди разных литератур. В основе статьи лежат идиомы со своим различных
категории, используемые в повседневной речи и литературе.
Ключевые слова:
идиома, фразовые глаголы, синтаксические особенности, методы перевода,
классификация.
Тҥйіндеме
: Бұл мақалада идиомалар, олардың сӛйлеудегі кӛрінісі және синтаксистік
ерекшеліктері қарастырылады. Зерттеудің мақсаты: идиомалардың аударма ерекшеліктерін
зерттеу және кӛрсету, сонымен қатар оқу процесінде оларды есте сақтаудың қандай әдістері
тиімдірек екенін анықтау. Мақалада ағылшын тілін оқитын студенттерге сұрақ қою және әртҥрлі
әдебиеттерді зерттеу әдістері қолданылады. Мақала кҥнделікті сӛйлеуде және әдебиетте
қолданылатын әртҥрлі категориялары бар идиомаларға негізделген.
Кілт сӛздер:
идиома, фразалық етістіктер, синтаксистік белгілер, аударма тәсілдері, жіктелу.
Introduction
An idiom is a commonly used phrase in the language to convey some genuine ideas. These
phrases are important to support the statement and express unique ideas. It gives a genuine way to express
English. Moreover, it generates a deeper understanding of the language. That is why idioms and
phrases are common concepts in different competitive exams. Mostly, it is used during normal
conversation.
In the beginning, understanding its concepts would be a challenging task. However, regular
language practice and reading different types of English phrases will give an idea about the same. Idioms
are the backbone of English. Read on to know its importance.
The main purpose of this article is to study and demonstrate the idioms translation features, in
addition to identify which methods are the most effective. The article uses the methods of questioning
students who study English and research among different literatures.
Definition and history
During this research work were used comparative methods, translation analysis and perspectives,
researches of other scientists and writers. According to the ideas and definitions of scientists idioms were
described differently. So, before starting translating them, their definition and origin should be taken into
account.
Idiom is an expression in the usage of a language that is peculiar to itself either in having a
meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements (such as
up in the air
for
"undecided") or in its grammatically atypical use of words (such as
give way
).
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The origin of language idioms is uncertain, since each idiom has been created in accurate
occasions, which means there is no whole origin for all of them. Here are the examples for three different
idioms that were created at various periods of time.
Bite the bullet
Definition:
Accepting something unpleasant or difficult.
Origin:
During the war, or when doctors could not anesthetize patients, they asked the patient to bite the
bullet hard, which would allow the soldiers to be distracted from the pain. This phrase can be found in its
first written form in 1891 in The Light of Failure.
Break the ice
Definition:
promoting friendship and harmony within a group to develop friendships; alternatively, it
means stopping conflicts and shootings that occur between friends.
Origin:
In an era when roads were not yet fully developed, ships were the main means of transportation
and trade. During the winter, these vessels can become clogged with ice formed in lakes and other bodies
of water. The host country then sends smaller ships and helps merchant ships break the ice for them.
Helping to break the ice means promoting friendship between sending and receiving countries.
Barking the wrong tree
Definition:
Following false instructions or having misconceptions about a situation or event.
Origin:
This expression may have originated from hunters carrying their hunting dogs as hunting dogs
walk towards the trees where they see their prey running and destroy that tree. Even if the predator
somehow escapes to another tree, the dogs will continue to "hit the wrong tree." The phrase is derived
from hunting.
Survey and results
At the beginning of the work, we conducted a survey of high school students. The questionnaire
developed by us contained questions concerning the clarification of the degree of mastery of idioms by
students. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. The questions were the following:
Do I need to know idioms and phrasal verbs?
How many idioms will be enough?
Is it difficult to understand and learn idioms?
Did you have special theme about idioms in the classroom?
Do you add idioms for expressing opinions?
How often do you use idioms while speaking in English?
Should I learn English idioms that are used in different spheres?
We found that all participants want to know idioms, but for various reasons, the process of
learning is difficult for about 34.6% of surveyed students. And here we turn to the way of studying them
through translation methods.
There were practically no identical answers to the question "How do you remember idioms?"
Each of the participants expressed different answers, such as "with the help of video and audio content" –
at about 16%, "in social networks and internet" – 27%, "through practice" – 30%, "with the help of
association and equivalents" – 12%, ―at the courses‖ – 10%, ―other techniques‖ – 5% and etc. Of course,
each person is different and the memorization process will also be different, but these answers show that,
unfortunately, students do not have a single and promising method of memorizing or learning idioms.
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Methods of translating
After studying the outcome of the survey for a long time, we offer students who are learning
English three methods of translating them for better memorization, that are most useful and widespread
ways of translation. They are:
Phraseological equivalent
Selection of an idiomatic analogue
Literal translation of phraseological units (calculus)
1)
Phraseological equivalent
is a figurative phraseological unit in the Kazakh and Russian
language, which fully corresponds in meaning to some English phraseological unit and is based on the
same image with it. For example,
to kill two birds with one stone – убить двух зайцев одним выстрелом/ екі қоянды бір оқпен
ӛлтіру
not to believe one's eyes – не верить своим глазам/ӛз кӛзіне ӛзі сенбеу
wolf in sheep's clothing – волк в овечьей шкуре /қой терісін жамылған қасқыр
According to M.I.Sirotina, the use of quarrels in Kazakh and English idioms is due to the well-
established image of these ethnic groups [
Сиротина М.И., 1997: 15
].
Finding a phraseological equivalent contributes to better memorization, thanks to the search for a
variant in the native language and the study of the discrepancy of some words.
However, as V.N.Komissarov notes, when both languages borrow the same phraseology, its
meaning in one of them may change, and as a result these phraseological units will turn out to be "false
friends of the translator" - similar in form, but different in content [Комиссаров В.Н., 1980: 22].
2)
Selection of an idiomatic analogue
is a figurative phraseological unit in the Russian language
similar in meaning to the English idiom, but based on a different image.
The selection of a similar idiom requires the student to be fluent in all the resources of the
Russian or Kazakh language. Often, the English idiom has several analogues that differ in stylistic
characteristics and shades of word usage [
Дмитриева Л.Ф., 2005: 35
].
a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush - лучше синица в руках чем журавль в небе/ертеңгі
құйрықтан бүгінгі ӛкпем артық.
3)
Calculus
is iteral translation of phraseological units. This method is inferior to the previous two
and is used if the English idiom has no equivalent or analogue in Russian or Kazakh (or if it is impossible
to use an analogue according to the context conditions)
[Нестерова И.А., 2022: 50]
.
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones - Людям, которые живут в
стеклянных домах, не стоит бросать камни/
Шыны үйлерде тұратын адамдар тас тастамауы
керек.
Conclusion
Idioms are often used in written and verbal communication. It helps to showcase the English
proficiency with the native peers. Moreover, speaking idioms means that you understand the cultural
context and the meaning of usage behind it. Once you are comfortable in speaking idioms, you can opt for
English language courses for higher studies as well. However they cannot be learn without translation to
the native tongue, that‘s why we should learn their definitions, origin and most importantly methods.
In this article, we have analyzed the translation methods along with their meanings. A survey was
conducted, where we found that most students find it difficult to teach them and have a minimal amount
of knowledge about idioms.
REFERENCES:
1.
Сиротина М.И., Тысячи идиом. - Москва: Владос. – 1997.
2.
Комиссаров В.Н., Теория и практика перевода, Просвещение – 1980.
3.
Дмитриева Л.Ф., Курс перевода -
МарТ, - 2005.
4.
Нестерова И.А., Особенности перевода английских идиом на русский язык.
- 2022
