Experience of Assessment of Social- Psychological Factors Affecting
The Development of Sanogenic
Abdurahmonova Zuhra
An assistant professor of the Department of "Psychology" of Tashkent University of Applied Sciences, Gavhar Str. 1,
Tashkent 100149, Uzbekistan in Psychology (PhD)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10467037
Keywords:
Person, student, pedagogue, education, process, activity, parents, thinking, sanogenic thinking, spiritual,
material, aesthetic, common sense, virtue, characteristic.
Abstract:
In the article, the problem of sanogenic thinking of an individual, its relevance, the problem of sanogenic
thinking in the psychology of our country and abroad, views, experience, and researches of pedagogues and
psychologists focused on the unique forms of sanogenic thinking, its main elements and unique methods have
been discussed. According to the analysis of scientific literature and developments, the concepts of emotion,
mind and sanogenic thinking in foreign theories as an independent direction of psychology, the socio-
psychological aspects of the manifestation of factors affecting the development of sanogenic thinking in social
activity and the analysis of the results obtained in the research process are highlighted.
1 INTRODUCTION
Creative, modular, reflexive technologies are put
into practice as an important direction of improving
the mechanisms of regulation of social and economic
relations, increasing the social intelligence of a
person, and developing sanogenic thinking, which
contributes to the formation of spiritual and
educational aspects. Improving cognitive, creative,
socio-psychological mechanisms of interpersonal
relations, kindness, patriotism, honesty, hard work,
tolerance, loyalty, empathy, gratitude, developing
philosophical-methodological,
spiritual-ethical
aspects of forming and developing healthy thinking,
developing sanogenic thinking in young people
systematic research on the development of expressive
properties remains as an urgent problem
.
2 Materials and Methods
The problem of sanogenic thinking in foreign
psychology has been studied by many scientists. In
the works of A. Ellis, A. Beck, G. Lebon, N.I.
Povyakel, V. Rybak, D. Gelman, M. Reynolds, Kara-
Murza, Y. Aleksandrovskaya, R. Burns, K. Buettner,
D.Djampolsky, M. James, D. Djongvard, A.
Dobrovich, I. Dubrovina, It was expressed in the
scientific research of M.Tishkova, M.Ratter, V.Levi,
V.Semke, D.Fontan, I.S.Kon, K.Horney, A.Maslow
and other scientists. In their research, these scientists
focused on specific forms of sanogenic thinking, its
main elements and specific methods. According to
the analysis of scientific literature and developments,
the concepts of emotion, intelligence and sanogenic
thinking were separated and developed as an
independent direction of psychology in foreign
theories. [17].
In the field of psychology, many scientists have
studied the factors and mechanisms of thinking that
help human health, including:
-Representatives of the field of psychiatry studied
the factors that cause the formation of pathogenic
thinking, and considered that psychotherapeutic
means prevent negative mental states and develop
mental states, sanogenic thinking;
-Representatives of the field of psychology -
emphasize that people who have the characteristic of
sanogenic thinking appear as a healthy person in the
mental and emotional sphere;
-Representatives of social psychology - who
studied the importance of the activities of social
institutions in correcting individual characteristics,
based on the obtained results, the structures of social
activity are an important factor, and develop the
principles, methods and forms of teaching and
learning [1].
The problems of sanogenic thinking are first of all
in the works of foreign scientists, the founders of
cognitive psychology, A. Maslow, A. Ellis, A. Beck,
D. Gleman, M. Reynolds, Kara-Murza. factors related
to its influence have been studied. [18].
The famous American psychologist Abraham
Maslow describes the hierarchy of needs in the theory
of needs as follows - the lowest level of needs
includes physiological needs (sleep, hunger, thirst,
etc.) [4]. If they are not constantly satisfied, they
cease to serve as determinants of active behavior,
because only unsatisfied needs motivate a person to
perform active actions. After physiological needs are
satisfied, the need for security and protection
emerges. After that, there are social needs such as
belonging to a certain social group and taking a stable
place in it. The next need is to have a high level of
self-esteem and to be respected by others. And
finally, the need of a person at the last stage, who has
achieved the satisfaction of all his needs, is expressed
in self-improvement, the desire to reveal his inner
potential, and the manifestation of his abilities as a
person [4].
According to Maslow, if a person does not satisfy
his basic needs, unhealthy, pathogenic thinking
actions are manifested, which cause the activation of
compensatory and additional mechanisms. So,
according to the scientist, satisfaction of all needs
serves to improve oneself and reveal one's inner
potential.
According to the theory of K. Horney, "There
must be a personal motivation for development,
conflicting feelings of a person are not only the "main
concern" but also the result of natural and social
conditions. According to the scientist, two situations
occur: the first situation is that the social environment
contributes to the development of a certain structure
of needs in a person, and the second situation is an
obstacle to their realization in life. This develops
anxiety-oriented behavior. As a result, aggression
towards life is formed in a person. This is a
pathogenic behavior [5].
According
to
A.N.Faminova,
the
phenomenon of personality stability in social
psychology is of great importance in the development
of sanogenic thinking. Because mastering social
skills, optimal behavior, developing effective
thinking styles and coping strategies, mastering self-
management methods and an acceptable individual
style, and effectively organizing one's personal life
are manifestations of a person's stable stability.
depends on being [6].
According to the definition of L.V. Kulikov, the
sanogenic thinking of a person is manifested in this
psychological stability. Consistency is manifested in
characteristics such as self-discipline, determination,
willpower, and self-satisfaction. These features allow
a person to cope with life's difficulties, difficult
situations, to maintain his health and work
performance in various tests [7].
According to A.N. Leontev, the stability of a
person is based on the actions taken to engage in an
activity based on a certain motive and the
manifestation of emotions based on personal
characteristics, personal will, self-confidence, and the
ability to make independent decisions. is determined.
[9]. This is the basis of the healthy formation of
human thinking
According to the personality typology of the
German psychiatrist K.Leongard (1903-1988),
people who have not developed sanogenic thinking -
lack of self-control, lack of thinking, weak control
over desires and aspirations, the priority of
physiological tendencies are combined in this type of
people.
thinks.
They
are
characterized
by
instinctiveness,
impulsiveness,
rudeness,
squeamishness, rudeness, impudence, impudence,
and a tendency to abusive relationships. Such people
cause various conflicts and discussions and become
active participants in them. He describes them as
"irascible, acrimonious, fretful, they often change
their jobs, they cannot go out with the team members"
[8].
From the point of view of the theory and practice
of sanogenic thinking, sanogenic thinking is
considered as a means of controlling emotions
through awareness and, accordingly, controlling the
mental operations that automatically produce it.
Sanogenic thinking is a positive, i.e., realistic
thinking, which consists of constructive re-
understanding and reflection of past experience,
identification of ineffective reflexive (reflection)
strategies that serve daily philosophy that is far from
scientific foundations.
Professor Y.M. Orlov, who developed the
theoretical and practical foundations of Sanogen
thinking, touched on the issue of human mental health
and expressed his opinion: "Sanogen thinking is one
of the most reliable ways of philosophy of life, mind
and div health. This method makes it possible to
develop new emotional-mental habits at a high level,
and to eliminate the experience of pathogenic
thinking in the past. Sanogenic thinking is considered
an effective way to improve the human mind. That is,
the method of eliminating the conflicting situations
that have arisen during the life activity of a person
with the help of spiritual encouragement, by
influencing the emotional-emotional relationship"
[10].
S.N. Morozyuk was one of the first in his research
work to describe the laws and mechanisms of the
reflection process in the formation of character traits
of students of a higher education institution,
scientifically proving that it is the main factor in
increasing the effectiveness of educational activities.
S.N. Morozyuk analyzes the personal and character
traits of students psychodiagnostically and defines
"sanogenic reflection" as a component of healthy
thinking. Sanogenic reflection is the ability to
objectively see and evaluate a person's self, emotional
experiences, thoughts and problems, which allows
choosing the right behavior methods in different
situations[11].
M. James noted that the basis of sanogenic
thinking is the mind's ability to understand what is
happening in the present time: A person who does not
know how to behave or feel quickly gets tired
emotionally and loses confidence in himself. hardens,
and such a person quickly falls into a difficult,
uncomfortable situation between internal conflicting
forces. On the contrary, a person who is aware of the
sanogenic way of thinking can properly control his
inner feelings and imagination, he is not afraid of it,
he is not ashamed of it, mind and div act in
accordance with the principle of "here and now" [ 3].
We can evaluate "Sanogenic thinking" as a way of
thinking that pays attention to the surrounding world,
perceives the current consciousness, makes necessary
judgments and reflects on them.
G.A.Sukerman analyzed the factors affecting the
development of healthy thinking and social skills of a
person and suggested developing communication
skills from a young age. A person who does not have
certain social skills is helpless in front of life
situations, life seems difficult for a weak person as a
result of not being able to live, carry out activities,
communicate. Every person needs communication
skills. Communication plays an important role in
interpersonal relationships, helps a person to reveal
his abilities [14].
G. A. Sukerman listed the following as the main
elements of communication: active listening skills,
the ability to control one's own emotions,
understanding the emotions of others, the ability to
accept fair criticism, the ability to respond
appropriately, empathy, initiative, effective attitude,
etc.
V.P.Zinchenko and E.B.Morgunov, in their article
on sanogenic thinking, defined it as "sanogenic
thinking - feelings united into a single system", that
is, "sanogenic thinking - anticipation of processes,
having an intellectual emotional form , who is able to
generalize his point of view, who is able to carry out
meaningful and purposeful activities, who has the
ability to strive to develop his abilities are the
characteristics of an existing person". can be achieved
through the development of such skills [13].
In her research, Professor V. Karimova stated that
a healthy psychological environment in society and in
the family is the main factor for young people to grow
up to be knowledgeable, enlightened and mentally
healthy [6]. In addition, in his scientific views, he has
widely explained the need to directly and indirectly
approach the issue of communication in interpersonal
relations in social society.
In the studies of S. Atakhanova, he touched on the
issue of forming healthy thinking of young people
and came to the following conclusion:
- educate them spiritually and aesthetically,
- to form their active point of view towards
the problems in the life of the society,
- as a future specialist, they should improve
their knowledge and develop self-development skills.
This is the basis for their interpretation as a social
group protecting the health of the whole society in the
future [2].
Social habits are also important in regulating and
managing the social behavior of a person. Patterns of
social behavior are repeated many times. Along with
the development of sanogenic thinking, national
traditions are also very useful in regulating personal
social behavior and manners, they free the mind from
excessive stress and create unity of desires and goals
in people. National customs and traditions, which are
considered an external stimulus, stabilize social
behavior and serve as one of the main factors in the
formation of a well-rounded personality. The moral
norms of a person are definitely formed in a certain
family environment. [16].
2.1
METHODS OF MODELING
SOLAR BATTERY
In order to study the psychological characteristics
of the development of sanogenic thinking in students
at a wider level, the level of sanogenic thinking of
students studying in public educational institutions
and its socio-psychological aspects, together with
their general average values The method of factor
analysis
was
also
used
according
to
the
questionnaires. In order to check the psychological
characteristics that serve to develop and form the
level of sanogenic thinking in students using factor
analysis, the "Level of Anxiety" method developed
by Spielberger Khanin, Ehlers' "Success Motive
Study"
questionnaire,
Morozyuk's
"Sanogenic
Thinking" questionnaire, Questionnaires such as
"Social opinion" questionnaire and "Q-sorting, i.e.
determination of personal behavior" developed by
Stefanson were used. Factor analysis is such a
statistical indicator that the methods or scales of
questionnaires used in the research have weight or
there are redundant scales and it is considered one of
the criteria that allows to determine a high result in
achieving the goal of the research. The following
table shows the factor analysis indicators of the
results obtained from questionnaires such as studying
the factors of personality characteristics of students of
general secondary schools of Qamashi district. (See
Table 1).
Table 1
Factor analysis indicators of the level of
questionnaires of the structure of personality
characteristics
Scales
Factors
1
worry
-0,903
success motive
0,889
sanogenic thinking
0,924
social thinking
0,880
The results obtained from the study showed that
the factor analysis indicators of the questionnaires
such as the level of anxiety, achievement motivation,
sanogenic thinking characteristics and social opinion
of general secondary school students and their mutual
socio-psychological characteristics. is considered a
mechanism that determines how it will be launched.
According to the factor analysis of the test results, the
indicators were combined into one component. The
psychological factors that made up the factor analysis
indicators
of
the
students
were
mutually
differentiated with the following results: anxiety level
0.903, success motive 0.889, sanogenic thinking
characteristics 0.924 and social opinion 0.880. The
values collected by the testers were combined into
one factor, and these factors formed the main
characteristics that determined the main values and
significant differences in the questionnaire. The
following table shows the indicators of factor analysis
obtained on the basis of personality behavior of
students of general secondary schools, i.e. Q-sort
questionnaire. (See Table 2).
Table 2.
Factor analysis indicators of the level of the
questionnaire for measuring personality behavior
Scales
Factors
1
2
3
subordinate
-0,549
0,430
-0,507
independent
-0,011
0,862
0,017
accessible
0,509
-0,255
0,623
man
0,537
0,572
0,595
fighter
-0,841
0,444
0,580
avoiding
the
struggle
0,721
0,502
-0,491
In the course of clarifying our research on the
psychological characteristics of the development of
sanogenic thinking in students, the psychological
characteristics of various levels cannot fail to
influence the life of every adolescent student today.
From this point of view, we can see that the
psychological units that formed the factor analysis
between the characteristics of the personality level of
the adolescent students, that is, the Q-sort
questionnaire, were shown as follows. According to
the factor analysis of the test results, it was shown that
the indicators are combined into 3 components. The
psychological factors that made up the first scale were
differentiated with the following results: submissive
0.549, approachable 0.509, sociable 0.537, combative
0.841 and combative 0.721. The psychological
factors that make up the second scale are
characterized separately with the results: submissive
0.430, independent 0.862, sociable 0.572, fighter
0.444 and avoidant 0.502. The psychological factors
that make up the third scale: submissive 0.507,
introverted 0.623, sociable 0.595, combative 0.580
and combative 0.491 are separately characterized. We
can see that the results obtained from the study of
high-grade teenage students are combined into three
factors, and these factors form the main indicators
that determine the main important results and
indicators in the survey. The following table shows
the factors of the factor analysis obtained on the
questionnaires of personality characteristics and Q-
sorting characteristics of general secondary school
students. (See Table 3).
Table 3
Factor analysis indicators of the level of
questionnaires of personality characteristics and
behavior structure
Scales
Factors
1
2
3
4
subordinate
0,135
0,502
0,370
-
0,526
independent
0,130
0,040
0,870
0,146
accessible
0,535
-
0,534
-
0,472
0,500
man
0,471
-
0,210
0,445
0,603
fighter
0,023
0,878
0,058
0,235
avoiding
struggl
e
0,271
-
0,670
0,519
-
0,479
worry
-
0,923
0,045
-
0,052
-
0,057
success
motive
0,885
-
0,052
-
0,027
-
0,090
sanogenic
thinking
0,889
0,529
-
0,189
-
0,508
social thought
0,840
0,549
-
0,577
-
0,142
The results of the study on sanogenic thinking in
students show that the results of the questionnaires for
the study of personality characteristics and Q-sort
indicators, the indicators according to the factor
analysis were combined into 4 components. The
psychological factors that made up the first scale were
differentiated
with
the
following
results:
approachability 0.535, personality 0.471, anxiety
0.923, success motive 0.885, sanogenic thinking
0.889, and social thinking 0.840. The psychological
factors that make up the second scale: subordinate
0.502, approachable 0.534, combative 0.878,
avoidant 0.670, sanogenic thinking 0.529 and social
thinking
0.549
are
characterized
separately.
Psychological factors forming the third scale:
independent 0.870, approachable 0.472, sociable
0.445, avoidant 0.519 and social opinion 0.577 were
recorded. The psychological units that made up the
fourth scale were distinguished by such psychological
characteristics as submissive 0.526, approachable
0.500, sociable 0.603, conflict-avoidant 0.479 and
sanogenic thinking 0.508. The values collected by the
testers are combined into five factors, and these
factors form the main characteristics that determine
the main values and significant differences in the
questionnaire. [18
].
2.2
METHODS OF VAC
In order to fundamentally change people's
thinking and their attitude to humanitarian values, it
is necessary to study the development of sanogenic
thinking in them as an important socio-psychological
phenomenon. A person's healthy thinking, strong will
and faith, living a life with honesty and justice,
possessing and following all the qualities, virtues,
characteristics characteristic of a person and social
life are considered to be a set of spiritual wealth.
Summarizing the views of scientists on healthy
thinking, it can be noted that healthy thinking has
great potential to prevent and correct negative
behavior and help young people to become perfect
individuals. A person with a developed sanogenic
mindset is thoughtful, self-controlled, and can
positively control his emotions in any situation, even
in emergency situations. He relies on his mind in
various anxious situations, knows how to subdue
himself and does not allow them to disrupt the unified
structure of his mental life.
The results of the study on sanogenic thinking in
students show that the results of the questionnaires for
the study of personality characteristics and Q-sort
indicators, the indicators according to the factor
analysis were combined into 4 components. The
psychological factors that made up the first scale were
differentiated
with
the
following
results:
approachability 0.535, personality 0.471, anxiety
0.923, success motive 0.885, sanogenic thinking
0.889, and social thinking 0.840. The psychological
factors that make up the second scale: subordinate
0.502, approachable 0.534, combative 0.878,
avoidant 0.670, sanogenic thinking 0.529 and social
thinking
0.549
are
characterized
separately.
Psychological factors forming the third scale:
independent 0.870, approachable 0.472, sociable
0.445, avoidant 0.519 and social opinion 0.577 were
recorded. The psychological units that made up the
fourth scale were distinguished by such psychological
characteristics as submissive 0.526, approachable
0.500, sociable 0.603, conflict-avoidant 0.479 and
sanogenic thinking 0.508. The values collected by the
testers are combined into five factors, and these
factors form the main characteristics that determine
the main values and significant differences in the
questionnaire. [18].
In order to fundamentally change people's
thinking and their attitude to humanitarian values, it
is necessary to study the development of sanogenic
thinking in them as an important socio-psychological
phenomenon. A person's healthy thinking, strong will
and faith, living a life with honesty and justice,
possessing and following all the qualities, virtues,
characteristics characteristic of a person and social
life are considered to be a set of spiritual wealth.
Summarizing the views of scientists on healthy
thinking, it can be noted that healthy thinking has
great potential to prevent and correct negative
behavior and help young people to become perfect
individuals. A person with a developed sanogenic
mindset is thoughtful, self-controlled, and can
positively control his emotions in any situation, even
in emergency situations. He relies on his mind in
various anxious situations, knows how to subdue
himself and does not allow them to disrupt the unified
structure of his mental life.
CONCLUSIONS
The fact that it has become a serious threat to the
security of humanity, the national interests of the
states, and ensuring a stable future of future
generations, researching the socio-psychological
features of the development of the sanogenic thinking
of students, who are the future of society, is a social
demand for the development of society.
In this chapter, dedicated to the results of the
empirical study of the influence of Sanogenic
thinking on the social behavior of students, we came
to the following conclusions:
✓
The psychological factors of the level of
development of sanogenic thinking in students are
that they have a high proportion of several
characteristics, i.e. success motive, level of sanogenic
thinking, social opinion, dependence, independent,
enterprising and fighting scales, on the contrary, the
level of anxiety, shyness and avoidance of struggle it
was shown that such psychological factors show a
negative value.
✓
Taking into account the characteristics related to
the research on the socio-psychological features of
the development of sanogenic thinking in high school
students, the indicators of the scales in the
questionnaire according to the factor analysis:
anxiety, success motive, the level of sanogenic
thinking, social it was found that psychological
factors such as opinionated, independent and
enterprising
show
high
weightings,
while
submissiveness, sociable, combative and avoidant
scales show lower factors. [19].
✓
In adolescent students, sanogenic thinking creates
motivation for the optimal level of cognitive
processes and the formation of positive mental
abilities.
✓
Personal qualities such as resistance to stress, lack
of nervousness, social and psychological flexibility,
easy access to interpersonal relationships, ability to
control the emotional sphere are highly invisible in
people with developed sanogenic thinking.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The following practical recommendations should be
given together with the results and conclusions of
the research:
✓
Practicing psychologists working in educational
institutions
should
apply
and
implement
psychodiagnostic methods that serve to research
their sanogenic thinking along with the practical
study of a number of psychological characteristics
of a person.
✓
Which aspect of the impact of training in the
educational process shows positive changes on the
development of sanogenic thinking in students, and
to establish the cooperation of practicing
psychologists and parents in this process.
✓
Implementation of the necessary measures
related to the development of sanogenic thinking in
the process of mastering the activities of students
studying in public educational institutions.
✓
for the socio-psychological characteristics of the
development of sanogenic thinking in students to be
stable, to increase the productivity of thinking in
students, to strengthen emotional intelligence and to
determine the psychological factors that serve to
establish interpersonal relationships in the right
way. [20].
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