ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
541
SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF HYPERTHYROIDISM IN
CHILDREN
Narzullayeva Marjona
Saynitdinova Surayyo
Kurbanova Sevara
Students of Samarkand State Medical University
Department of Endocrinology
Togʻayeva Gulnora Siddikovna
Scientific supervisor.
Samarkand State Medical University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10658533
Abstract.
Hyperthyroidism is a pathological condition in which the level of thyroid
hormones in the blood is increased. These biologically active substances ensure the regulation of
metabolic processes and the maturation of the organism, as well as the functioning of most organs
and tissues. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism often appear in adolescents, girls are affected more
often than boys. Prepubertal children are somewhat less affected, and infants are rarely affected.
In the second case, excess thyroid hormones are associated with the presence of toxic goiter in the
mother. Its antibodies, which penetrate the placenta, circulate in the blood of the fetus and
stimulate the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Key words:
Hyperthyroidism, Causes of hyperthyroidism in children, Symptoms of
hyperthyroidism in children.
СИМПТОМЫ, ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ГИПЕРТИРЕОЗА У ДЕТЕЙ
Аннотация.
Гипертиреоз – патологическое состояние, при котором в крови
повышен уровень гормонов щитовидной железы. Эти биологически активные вещества
обеспечивают регуляцию обменных процессов и созревания организма, а также
функционирование большинства органов и тканей. Симптомы гипертиреоза чаще
появляются у подростков, девочки болеют чаще, чем мальчики. Дети препубертатного
возраста поражаются несколько меньше, а младенцы болеют редко. Во втором случае
избыток гормонов щитовидной железы связан с наличием токсического зоба у матери.
Его антитела, проникающие через плаценту, циркулируют в крови плода и стимулируют
перепроизводство гормонов щитовидной железы.
Ключевые слова:
Гипертиреоз, Причины гипертиреоза у детей, Симптомы
гипертиреоза у детей.
Hyperthyroidism is often associated with thyrotoxicosis. If we go deeper into the
terminology, hyperthyroidism is an increase in thyroid hormones, and thyrotoxicosis is a set of
pathological processes that occur in the div against this background.
Causes of hyperthyroidism in children
The development of hyperthyroidism in adolescence is associated with damage to the
thyroid or pituitary gland, which regulates its activity. The most common reasons for the
development of this condition are:
diffuse toxic goiter (DTZ, Graves' disease): causes hyperthyroidism in 9 out of 10 patients;
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
542
Hashimoto's thyroiditis: the production of thyroid hormones is stimulated by specific
antibodies;
inflammatory processes in the thyroid gland of viral or bacterial origin;
Pituitary adenoma: the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood
increases, which in turn stimulates the thyroid gland.
Classification
Depending on the mechanism of development of hyperthyroidism in children, there are
three forms: primary (associated with damage to the thyroid gland), secondary (due to pathology
of the pituitary gland) and third (appears against the background of hypothalamus diseases); which
in turn affects the pituitary gland)
The presence of clinical manifestations and their severity also make it possible to
distinguish:
subclinical (mild severity): there is an increase in hormones, but there are no signs of
pathology;
manifest: characterized by bright characteristic symptoms;
complex (severe): accompanied by serious damage to the heart, nervous system and other
organs.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism in children
Infantile hyperthyroidism is usually manifested by non-specific symptoms: the baby's
agitation, sleep disorders and intestinal disorders. In rare cases, the process is accompanied by
enlargement of the thyroid gland. At the age of 6 months, the amount of maternal antibodies in the
blood disappears. In most cases, this is accompanied by a decrease in symptoms and normalization
of hormone levels.
If hyperthyroidism occurs during adolescence or shortly before puberty, children develop
a classic set of symptoms characteristic of an excess of thyroid hormones:
irritability, moodiness, excessive aggression;
deterioration of academic performance due to restlessness and impaired concentration;
excessive sweating;
trembling of the fingers;
increased blood pressure and heart rate;
increased frequency of bowel movements, periodic cramps abdominal pain;
increased appetite with rapid weight loss.
Depending on the characteristics of the thyroid gland, the clinical picture can be
supplemented by fever, neck pain and difficulty swallowing. The development of diffuse toxic
goiter is accompanied by eye discharge (exophthalmos).
Hyperthyroidism in children is dangerous both in infancy and in later life. The most
common complication in babies in the first year of life is early recovery of fontanelles and skull
sutures. With a milder course, growth and mental development are delayed.
Adolescent hyperthyroidism is fraught with the development of thyrotoxic crisis. This, in
turn, can lead to arrhythmia, severe hypertensive crisis and acute heart failure. Without help, the
risk of serious complications is high.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
543
Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in children
Examination of a child suspected of hyperthyroidism begins with a detailed collection of
complaints and anamnesis (history of the development of the disease and life history). The
endocrinologist will then conduct a general examination that will assess your heart rate, breathing
and blood pressure.
The thyroid gland is palpated, reflexes and muscle strength are checked.
The initial diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory and instrumental studies:
blood test for thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH);
ECG, ultrasound examination of the heart, consultation with a cardiologist: allows to
evaluate the activity of the cardiovascular system;
Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland;
general studies: blood and urine tests.
If necessary, the list of studies will be expanded.
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544
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