ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
979
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND DYNAMICS OF THE ENTERPRISE’S
CURRENT ASSETS
Utegenova Sarbinaz
associate professor of the department of accounting and audit,
Karakalpak state university.
Rozumova Donoxon
2nd year student of Karakalpak state university, Department of accounting and audit.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11044667
Abstract.
This article
studies approaches to the financial analysis of current assets and the
efficiency of the use of the company's working capital in a theoretical and practical aspect,
substantiation of the need to form a comprehensive approach before carrying out such a financial
analysis in the enterprise management system. The practical significance of this work is aimed at
the use of this approach to the financial analysis of current assets and the use of working capital
as a tool in the management system of the operational activities of enterprises to ensure the
efficiency of their functioning and management.
Keywords:
current assets, working capital, enterprise, management system, financial
analysis, economic transformation.
АНАЛИЗ СОСТАВА И ДИНАМИКИ ОБОРОТНЫХ АКТИВОВ
ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ
Аннотация.
В данной статье исследованы подходы к финансовому анализу
оборотных активов и эффективности использования оборотного капитала компании в
теоретическом и практическом аспекте, обоснование необходимости формирования
комплексного подхода перед проведением такого финансового анализа на предприятии.
система управления. Практическая значимость данной работы направлена на
использование данного подхода к финансовому анализу оборотных активов и
использованию оборотного капитала как инструмента в системе управления
операционной деятельностью предприятий для обеспечения эффективности их
функционирования и управления.
Ключевые слова:
оборотные средства, оборотный капитал, предприятие, система
управления, финансовый анализ, экономическая трансформация.
Market economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan is gaining more and more strength. Thus,
in the report of the President of the Republic Uzbekistan dedicated to the results of economic
development countries in 2023 and the most important priority areas economic program for 2024
it is said: “Summarizing what has been done for the past 2023, today there is every reason to say
– we a huge scale and depth of work has been carried out to update and reforming the country,
achieving stable and sustainable rates growth and macroeconomic balance of the economy.
Despite the ongoing globalization, in the reporting period year, gross domestic product
grew by 6 percent.” Economic growth is achieved not only through the use material, labor and
financial resources of enterprises, but also due to fixed assets - means of labor and material
conditions of the labor process. Most business entities are faced with the need objective assessment
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
980
of your assets, since it is property that provides a guarantee independence and reliability of the
enterprise.
One of the most important criteria for assessing the activities of any enterprise whose goal
is to make a profit is efficient use of property and disclosure of property potential. The formation
of market relations in the country forces new approach the establishment of accounting in
individual areas financially economic activities of enterprises and organizations, including
accounting enterprise property.
To carry out the economic activities of the enterprise use a variety of economic means -
property. The property of an enterprise is a set of material (buildings,structures, raw materials)
and monetary values, as well as legal relations of this enterprise with other enterprises. In
accounting, property is defined as a collection long-term and current assets of the enterprise. Long-
term assets include fixed assets, equipment for installation, intangible assets, unfinished capital
investments, long-term financial investments, etc.
Fixed assets are tangible assets that an enterprise contains for the purpose of using them in
the production process, performance of work or provision of services or for the implementation of
administrative and socio-cultural functions for a long time when conducting business activities.
The placement of enterprise funds is very important for financial activities and increasing
its efficiency. From what investments made in fixed and working capital, how many of them
located in the sphere of production and circulation, in monetary and material form, how optimal
their ratio is largely depends results of production and financial activities, therefore, financial
stability.
In the process of analyzing the property of an enterprise, the first thing to do is study
changes in their composition and structure and evaluate them.
Table 1.
Structure of assets of NUKUS-MIROB LLC for 2022-2023
Facilities
enterprises
2022 year
2023 year
Deviations
thousand
sum
%
thousand
sum
%
thousand
sum
%
In % of
value
2022
1
2
3
4
5
6=4-2
7=5-3
8=6/2*100
Long-term
assets
1075371,2
2 60,0
1010664,8
8 73,5
- 64706,4 13,5 93,9
93,9
Current
assets
633710,3
35,4
363706
26,05
- 270004
-8,9
57,4
liquid assets
24668,2
1,4
30756,9
2,2
6088,7
0,9
124,7
Price
property
1709081,5
100
1374370,8
100
-334711
0
80,4
Table 1 shows that during the reporting year, the assets of LLC NUKUS-MIROB"
decreased by 334,711 thousand soums, or 19.6%, including due to decrease in long-term assets -
by 64,706.4 thousand soums, or 6.1%, and current assets - by 270,004 thousand soums, or 42.6%.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
981
In the property structure, a significant share belongs to long-term assets, which in 2022
amounted to 60%, and in 2023 increased by 13.5% and amounted to 73.5%. At the same time, the
share of current assets had downward trend and in 2023 amounted to 26.5% versus 35.4% in 2022
year, that is, decreased by 8.9%. Due to these changes the composition of capital changed slightly:
at the beginning of the year the ratio working capital to fixed capital is 0.58, and at the end - 0.36.
Decrease in the share of current assets in the structure of the enterprise’s property indicates
that the company may find itself in difficulties situation due to lack of working capital, that is,
solvency the enterprise may not be sufficient.
There are no other types in the structure of long-term capital long-term assets, including
intangible assets and long-term financial investments.
Absence of intangible assets in the structure of fixed capital.
Indicates that an enterprise producing soft drinks and mineral water is not used in
innovative production technology, since it does not invest in technology, intellectual property. A
decrease in the volume of fixed assets characterizes this enterprise negative, since any enterprise
has a need to update and the introduction of new machines and equipment, which, in turn, increases
financial stability.
The absence of long-term financial investments indicates the absence investment
orientation of the organization's investments. Special attention should be devoted to studying the
state, dynamics and structure of the main funds, since they have a large share of long-term assets
enterprises.
A change in the amount under this item may occur due to increase (decrease) in the number
of machines, equipment, buildings, structures, and due to an increase in their value for newly
acquired funds and revaluation of old ones due to inflation.
Improving the use of external assets in an enterprise can be achieve by:
- freeing the enterprise from excess equipment, machines, other fixed assets or their rental;
- timely and high-quality implementation of planned preventative and major repairs;
- acquisition of high-quality fixed assets;
- increasing the level of qualifications of service personnel;
- timely updating, especially the active part, the main funds;
- quality improvement;
- increasing the level of mechanization and automation of production;
-introduction of new equipment and progressive technology;
- renting out vacant premises to legal entities.
It is especially necessary to carefully analyze changes in the composition and dynamics of
current assets as the most mobile part of capital, from whose condition largely depends on the
financial condition enterprises. Thus, the essence of financial stability is determined effective
formation, distribution and use financial resources. Therefore, financial sustainability is related to
all parties financial, economic and production activities of the enterprise and, Naturally, is
influenced by both internal and external conditions production, functioning of the enterprise as a
whole.
As internal factors influencingfinancial stability, are:
- structure of manufactured products (services), its share in total effective demand;
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientifijournal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
982
the size of the paid authorized capital;
ratio of costs and income of the enterprise;
- the state of property and financial resources, including inventories and
reserves, their composition and structure.
External factors include the influence of economic conditions economics, the dominant
technology in society, effective demand and consumer income level, tax,
state credit policy, legislative acts to control activities of the enterprise, foreign economic
relations, system values in society, etc.
Financial stability is the most important lever and condition, determining the entire process
of enterprise functioning. Hence the importance and purpose of analyzing the financial stability of
an enterprise.
Absolute indicators of financial stability are indicators characterizing the state of reserves
and their availability sources of formation.
From the profitability analysis we can conclude that there is a decrease performance
efficiency of NUKUS-MIROB LLC in the reporting year.
Proposals for the work of the enterprise are:
- competent distribution of profits;
- increase in the income portion of assets;
- increasing property turnover;
- computerization;
- improving the quality of work, services, goods;
- mastering new management methods and techniques;
- improvement of the management structure;
- finding reserves to reduce production costs.
In general, based on the analysis, conclusions were drawn that indicating problems
associated primarily with the current operational financial management at NUKUS-MIROB LLC.
Financial management in an enterprise plays too small a role. Thus, this paper describes
the theoretical issues of accounting and analysis of the enterprise's property and a practical analysis
was carried out, which allows you to make qualified management decisions, identify factors and
reserves for increasing operational efficiency enterprises.
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