ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
102
STATE, DYNAMICS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE «GREEN»
ECONOMY IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Utegenova Sarbinaz
associate professor of the department of accounting and audit, PhD.,
Karakalpak state university
Khalıqnazarova Gulnaz
2nd year master’s student of Tashkent State University of economics.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13747844
Abstract.
The transition to a green economy is essential for achieving sustainable
development and addressing the pressing challenges of climate change, resource depletion, and
environmental degradation. This paper explores the concept of a green economy, defined as an
economic system that prioritizes environmental sustainability, social equity, and economic
viability. We analyze key strategies for promoting green practices across various sectors,
including renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and circular economy principles. The paper
also highlights the role of policy frameworks, technological innovation, and public-private
partnerships in facilitating this transition. By examining case studies from different regions, we
demonstrate the potential benefits of adopting green economy principles, including job creation,
improved public health, and enhanced resilience to environmental shocks. Ultimately, this paper
argues that a collective commitment to a green economy is not only vital for ecological
preservation but also for fostering inclusive and sustainable growth in the 21st century.
Key words:
Green Economy, sustainable development, renewable energy, circular
economy, environmental sustainability, climate change, resource efficiency.
СОСТОЯНИЕ, ДИНАМИКА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ «ЗЕЛЕНОЙ»
ЭКОНОМИКИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ УЗБЕКИСТАН
Аннотация.
Переход к зеленой экономике необходим для достижения устойчивого
развития и решения насущных проблем изменения климата, истощения ресурсов и
ухудшения состояния окружающей среды. В данной статье рассматривается концепция
зеленой экономики, определяемой как экономическая система, которая ставит во главу
угла экологическую устойчивость, социальную справедливость и экономическую
жизнеспособность. Мы анализируем ключевые стратегии продвижения зеленой практики
в различных секторах, включая возобновляемые источники энергии, устойчивое сельское
хозяйство и принципы круговой экономики. В статье также подчеркивается роль
политических
рамок,
технологических
инноваций
и
государственно-частного
партнерства в содействии этому переходу. Рассматривая тематические исследования из
разных регионов, мы демонстрируем потенциальные выгоды от принятия принципов
зеленой экономики, включая создание рабочих мест, улучшение общественного
здравоохранения и повышение устойчивости к экологическим потрясениям. В конечном
счете, в данной статье утверждается, что коллективная приверженность зеленой
экономике имеет жизненно важное значение не только для сохранения окружающей среды,
но и для содействия инклюзивному и устойчивому росту в 21 веке.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
103
Ключевые слова:
зеленая экономика, устойчивое развитие, возобновляемые
источники энергии, круговая экономика, экологическая устойчивость, изменение климата,
эффективность использования ресурсов.
An urgent practical task for many countries of the world, including Uzbekistan, is the
greening of the economy. In our country, issues of economic growth with the least negative impact
on the environment have recently been given more and more attention.
The Republic of Uzbekistan has many opportunities for «green» economic growth, since
the legislative sphere is developing in the direction of harmonization with European legislation,
investments in environmental infrastructure are increasing, and international environmental and
economic cooperation is expanding. At this stage, environmental principles have already been
introduced into the national economy, which has reduced environmental risks and created
conditions for improving the standard and quality of life of Uzbek society. At the 77th session, the
UN General Assembly on December 14, 2022, adopted a resolution «On strengthening the role of
parliaments in accelerating the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals«, thereby
supporting the initiative put forward by the President of Uzbekistan at the 75th session of the UN
General Assembly in 2020. The document was co-sponsored by 80 states
1
.
Among the development trends of the global economy, the development of information
technology, especially the development of an economy based on artificial intelligence, will be
observed as a priority in the coming years. According to a report by the International
Telecommunication Union, “In 2023, 67%of the world’s population, or 5.4 billion people, will be
connected to the Internet”
With the rapid development of the digital economy in the world, research on the
development of the service sector based on the application of information and communication
technologies, the improvement of service organization mechanisms, and the efficiency of the
service sector is a priority. In this regard, effective development of the service sector in the context
of global competition, strategic planning of information and communication technology
development based on the experience of developed countries, artificial intelligence, cloud
technology, big data platforms, 5G technology, Internet services, and the possibility of using ICT
for economic and social development. It is important to conduct research for the implementation
of the project.
With the development of society, the rapid growth of the population, the increase in
production and waste volumes, environmental problems are expanding and accumulating. The
most pressing issues are: maintaining favorable living conditions for society, depletion of natural
resources and environmental safety. The global challenges of our time and, above all, the global
environmental crisis are prompting humanity to green all spheres of activity, and are causing an
urgent need to search for alternative models of global economic growth. In this regard, many
countries of the world have realized the need to green the economy, revise people's lifestyles and
1
https://nsdg.stat.uz
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
104
have begun to transform existing development models in favor of more efficient management of
limited resources, namely, in favor of sustainable development.
The environmental aspect of economic life at the present stage is becoming increasingly
relevant and a priority in interstate cooperation. In this regard, international governmental and non-
governmental organizations in the field of environmental and economic cooperation are being
created, legislation is being improved for the joint solution of global environmental problems and
mass greening of the economy.
At the moment, the leaders in the field of sustainable development and «green» growth are
the countries of Northern Europe, traditionally occupying leading positions in the ratings of
environmental and economic sustainability. The effectiveness of their transition to the model of a
«green» economy lies in the constant improvement of legislation, an active process of development
and implementation of eco-innovations, as well as a transforming attitude of society towards the
environment.
In this regard, the Republic of Uzbekistan has not yet reached the level of Northern
European countries in terms of greening the economy. However, like many countries at the present
stage, it is a member of environmental and economic organizations and takes an active part in their
activities. In Uzbekistan, increasing attention is paid to environmental issues, various state
programs are being implemented, legislation in the field of environmental protection is being
improved, and environmental protection measures are being taken. Moreover, recently more and
more attention has been paid to accounting for and analyzing the indicators of the «green«
economy, and a national model of sustainable development has begun to form.
Currently, the highest indicators of environmental and economic sustainability are
demonstrated by individual countries of Northern Europe, namely the countries of the
Scandinavian Peninsula and adjacent islands, such as Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway.
This region is considered the most successful in the implementation of the concept of
sustainable development. One of the most comprehensive indicators of regional sustainability is
the Sustainable Development Goals Index (SDG index), developed by the European Parliamentary
Research Service with the support of the UN and published annually as part of the Sustainable
Development Report. This report is widely used by governments, corporations and non-profit
organizations. The 2021 report presented the Sustainable Development Goals index for 165
countries, consisting of 91 global indicators, as well as 30 additional indicators applicable to
OECD countries.
To make the data comparable across countries, each indicator was scaled from 0 to 100,
where 0 is the worst possible variable and 100 is the best. Once the boundaries are established, the
data is converted to a scale. The overall score reflects a country's progress in achieving all 17
SDGs. According to this rating, in 2021, the leading positions are occupied by the Nordic countries,
namely, Finland is in first place with a score of 85.90 points, followed by Sweden - 85.61 points
and Denmark - 84.86, Norway is in 7th place with a score of 81.98. Thus, by 2021, these countries
have implemented the Sustainable Development Agenda until 2030 by more than 80%, which
indicates the environmental and economic sustainability of this region. Let us take a closer look at
the main environmental and economic indicators reflecting the rapid achievement of 17
Sustainable Development Goals by selected leading Nordic countries in this area.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Renewable energy consumption in the Nordic countries grew by an average of 2.5% per
year between 2005 and 2019, while non-renewable energy consumption fell by an average of 2%
per year over the same period (Figure 1)
Figure 1 – Average annual growth of renewable energy consumption in the Nordic
countries (% change in gross final consumption, 2022 )
2
During the period under review, renewable energy consumption in Denmark grew more
than in any other Nordic country, averaging 5.3% per year, followed by Iceland at 5.1% per year.
It should be noted that the Nordic countries are striving for carbon neutrality in different
ways: in Finland - through biomass, in Denmark wind energy is mainly used, hydropower in
Norway and Sweden, and geothermal energy in Iceland (Figure 2).
Overall, renewable energy sources predominated in the electricity structure of the Nordic
countries in 2019, the majority of which came from hydropower (more than 50%), the second most
important was wind power, followed by energy obtained from biomass.
For comparison, in the European Union as a whole, more than 65% of electricity consumed
comes from non-renewable energy sources, with wind and hydropower making only a small
contribution, accounting for about 10% of all electricity.
2
https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency2020/energy-efficiency-in-2019. – Date of access : 29.11.2021
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Figure 2 – Renewable energy sources in the electricity mix of the Nordic countries and
the EU in 2019 (% of consumption)3
Thus, at the present stage, the greening of the world economy has become a necessity.
Growing environmental problems, acquiring a global character, require their immediate solution
not only by an individual state, but also by the entire world community. That is why many countries
have already decided to transition to a «green» economic model, which is an economy that
increases people's well-being and ensures social justice in society, while significantly reducing
risks to the environment. The main goal of greening is to find ways to effectively combine the
economic, environmental and social interests of society for the purpose of its sustainable
development. However, in addition to the concept of a «green» economy, new economic models
have increasingly begun to appear, such as bioeconomy,
«low-carbon» economy, «anti-growth» model and others. At the same time, none of them
is ideal, so it can be assumed that ultimately their combination will work. In the process of
transition of countries to the model of «green» economy, certain challenges and frameworks of
ecological restructuring of various natures may arise, ranging from financial problems to moral
frameworks, however, with active support of «green» growth by state institutions, the private
sector and the public, each country has the opportunity to «green» the economy.
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2024
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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