O‘RTA OSIYO OLIMLARINING KARTOGRAFIK MEROSI

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O‘RTA OSIYO OLIMLARINING KARTOGRAFIK MEROSI

Gulyamov Alisher Azizovich

aligulyamov1997@gmail.com

Srojeva Gulbahor Vahobovna

gulbahorsrojeva@gmail.com

Mehriddin Yunusovich Haqqulov

mexriddinhaqqulov@gmail.com

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti

“Tarix va filologiya” kafedrasi o‘qituvchilari

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14630707

Annotatsiya.

Ushbu maqolada O‘rta Osiyo olimlarining kartografik merosi — bu

mintaqada yashagan buyuk olimlar tomonidan yaratilgan xaritalar va geografik tasvirlarning

umumiy majmuasi hisoblanadi. O‘rta Osiyo tarixan juda ko‘p ilmiy faoliyatni rivojlantirgan,

ayniqsa geografiya, astranomiya, matematika va kartografiya sohalarida katta yutuqlarga

erishilgan mintaqa bo‘lgan. Quyida ba'zi muhim O‘rta Osiyo olimlarining kartografik merosi

haqida qisqacha ma'lumot keltirilgan.

Tayanch so’zlar:

O‘rta Osiyo, kartografiya, xarita, globus, Al-Xorazmiy, Ibn Xaldun,

Mavlono Al-Beruniy, Zahhoriy, Mirzo Ulug‘bek, Mahmud al-Koshgariy, Xuroson,

Movarounnahr, tarixiy-geografiya.

THE CARTOGRAPHIC HERITAGE OF CENTRAL ASIAN SCIENTISTS

Abstract.

In this article, the cartographic heritage of Central Asian scientists is a general

set of maps and geographical images created by great scientists who lived in this region. Central

Asia has historically been a region that has developed a lot of scientific activity, especially in the

fields of geography, astronomy, mathematics and cartography. Below is a brief overview of the

cartographic legacy of some important Central Asian scholars.

Key words:

Central Asia, cartography, map, globe, Al-Khorazmi, Ibn Khaldun, Maulana

Al-Beruni, Zahhari, Mirza Ulugbek, Mahmud al-Koshgari, Khurasan, Movarounnahr, historical-

geography.

КАРТОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ УЧЕНЫХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ

Аннотация.

В данной статье картографическое наследие учёных Центральной

Азии представляет собой общий набор карт и географических изображений, созданных

великими учёными, жившими в этом регионе. Центральная Азия исторически была

регионом, в котором развивалась большая научная деятельность, особенно в области

географии, астрономии, математики и картографии. Ниже представлен краткий обзор

картографического наследия некоторых важных ученых Центральной Азии.

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Ключевые слова:

Средняя Азия, картография, карта, глобус, Аль-Хоразми, Ибн

Халдун, Маулана Аль-Беруни, Захари, Мирза Улугбек, Махмуд аль-Кошгари, Хорасан,

Моваруннахр, историко-география.

Kartografiya - tabiat va jamiyatdagi voqea-hodisalarning tarqalishini, ularning birgalikda

o’zaro bog‘likligini (ularni vaqt o‘tishi bilan o‘zgarishini) kartografik tasvir-obrazli belgi

modellar vositasi bilan tasvirlashni va tadqiqot qilishni o‘rgatuvchi fandir.

1. Al-Xorazmiy (780–850)

Al-Xorazmiy, mashhur matematik va geograf, o‘zining "Kitob al-Misah" ("Geografiya

kitobi") asarida bir qator geografik xaritalarni yaratgan. U dunyo va uning mintaqalarining

tasvirlarini batafsil tushuntirib, geografik koordinatlarni va uzunlik va kenglik o‘lchovlarini

aniqlashda ishlatgan. Bu asar o‘rta asrlarda kartografiya va geografiyaning rivojlanishida muhim

ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan.

2. Ibn Xaldun (1332–1406)

Ibn Xaldun, tarixchi va geograf, o‘zining "Muqaddimah" asarida dunyo va uning

xaritalariga nisbatan zamonaviy ilmiy yondashuvni qo‘llagan. U, xususan, xalqlarning madaniy

va iqtisodiy rivojlanishining geografik omillarga ta’sirini tahlil qilgan.

3. Abu Rayhon Beruniy

Al-Beruniy o‘zining geografik ishlarida geografik kordinatalarni va o‘rta asr astronomik

usullarini qo‘llagan. Uning tasvirlagan joylari O‘rta Osiyo, Hindiston, Fors va Markaziy Osiyodagi

hududlarni o‘z ichiga oladi. U geografik xaritalarni ilmiy maqsadlarda ishlatgan.

Al-Biruni o‘zining ilmiy faoliyatida geografiyaning bir nechta sohalarini o‘z ichiga olgan.

U o‘zining "Kitob al-Hind" asarida Hindistonning xaritasini yaratgan va shu asarda geografik,

iqlimiy, va madaniy tafovutlarni chuqur tahlil qilgan. Uning ishlarida astranomiya va

geografiyaning integratsiyasi katta o‘rin tutgan.

4. Zahhoriyning geografik asarlari

Mirzo Ulug‘bekning o‘g‘li, astronom va geograf Olimlaridan biri bo‘lgan Zaxiriddin

Muhammad Bobur (1483–1530) ham o‘zining asarlarida geografik xususiyatlarni tasvirladi.

Boburning "Boburnoma" asarida O‘rta Osiyo va Hindistondagi geografik o‘lchovlar,

joylashuvlar, shaharlar va hududlarning kartografik tasvirlari mavjud.

5. Mirzo Ulug‘bek (1394–1449)

Mirzo Ulug‘bek, O‘rta Osiyo va Islom olamining mashhur astronomi, matematika va

kartografiya sohasidagi olimi, o‘zining astronomik xaritalari bilan tanilgan. U o‘zining "Zij al-

Sultani" asarida, yulduzlar va osmon jismlarining geografik tasvirlarini tuzgan.

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Mirzo Ulug‘bek tomonidan yaratilgan astronomik xaritalar o‘z vaqtida eng to‘g‘ri va aniq

xaritalardan biri deb hisoblangan.

6. Mahmud al-Koshgariy (1029–1101)

Mahmud al-Koshgariy o‘zining "Devonul Lug‘at al-Turk" asarida turk xalqlarining

geografik tasvirlarini va o‘sha davrda ularning joylashuvi haqida ma'lumotlar keltirgan. Bu asar,

geografik ma'lumotlar bilan bir qatorda, til va madaniyatni o‘rganishda ham muhim manba

hisoblanadi.

7. Boshqa ilmiy asarlar

O‘rta Osiyo hududidagi ilmiy merosda ko‘plab xaritalar mavjud. Bu xaritalarda geografik

joylashuvlar, iqlimiy sharoitlar, va xalqaro savdo yo‘llari tasvirlangan.

O‘rta Osiyo kartografiyasi va global ilmiy rivojlanish

O‘rta Osiyo olimlari tomonidan yaratilgan kartografik meros butun dunyo ilm-fanining

rivojlanishiga katta hissa qo‘shdi. Xususan, geografik koordinatalar, qit’alararo bog‘lanishlar,

iqlim o‘zgarishlari va xalqlar tarixi kabi jihatlar haqida yangi tasavvurlar yaratildi. Shu tariqa,

O‘rta Osiyo ilmiy merosi bugungi kunda ham ilmiy tadqiqotlarda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Xulosa

Bu ilmiy va kartografik bilimlar O‘rta Osiyo madaniyati va ilm-fanini yaxshiroq

tushunishga yordam beradi va uning butun dunyoda tan olinishi va qadrlanishini ta’minlaydi.

Umuman olganda O’rta Osiyo hududlari bo‘yicha tarixiy xaritalar faqat katta tarixiy voqealar

bilan bog‘lik bo‘lgandagina tasvirlangan. Markaziy Osiyo xalqlari tarixiga doir siyosiy-ma’muriy

tarixiy xaritalar yaratilgan bo‘lsa, demografik xaritalar juda kam bo‘lgan. Hududlarning iqtisodiy

tarixiga oid xaritalar umuman bo‘lmagan.

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