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SINUSITIS DURING PREGNANCY. CLINIC, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSTICS AND
MODERN TREATMENT METHODS
Hamidov Bahodir Obidjon o’g’li
Faculty of Medicine, International University of Asia, Uzbekistan.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14901830
Abstract.
Pregnancy is the most exciting and responsible period in a woman's life. Now
she is responsible not only for her health, but also for the health of the baby. All the strength and
resources of the div of the expectant mother are thrown into ensuring that the fetus develops
correctly, the pregnancy proceeds without complications, and a healthy child is born. Therefore,
the woman's immunity is under enormous strain during this period. You cannot get sick. After all,
any infection can cause complications during pregnancy and negatively affect the fetus.
Unfortunately, you cannot protect yourself from all diseases. One of the diseases that a
woman may encounter during pregnancy is sinusitis (maxillary sinusitis, or rhinosinusitis).
Sinusitis during pregnancy is very dangerous. Therefore, the treatment of sinusitis during
pregnancy should be immediate and correct.
Keywords:
an increase in div temperature up to 38°C, headaches, purulent discharge
from the nasal cavity, loss of smell or its deterioration; swelling of the eyelid on the side of the
affected sinus, loss of appetite, rapid fatigue.
СИНУСИТ ВО ВРЕМЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ. КЛИНИКА, СИМПТОМЫ,
ДИАГНОСТИКА И СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ
Аннотация.
Беременность — самый волнительный и ответственный период в
жизни женщины. Теперь она отвечает не только за свое здоровье, но и за здоровье
малыша. Все силы и ресурсы организма будущей мамы брошены на то, чтобы плод
развивался правильно, беременность протекала без осложнений, и родился здоровый
ребенок. Поэтому иммунитет женщины в этот период испытывает колоссальную
нагрузку. Болеть нельзя. Ведь любая инфекция может вызвать осложнения во время
беременности и негативно повлиять на плод. К сожалению, от всех болезней уберечься
нельзя. Одно из заболеваний, с которым может столкнуться женщина во время
беременности — это синусит (гайморит, или риносинусит). Синусит во время
беременности очень опасен. Поэтому лечение синусита во время беременности должно
быть незамедлительным и правильным.
Ключевые слова:
повышение температуры тела до 38°С, головные боли, гнойные
выделения из полости носа, потеря обоняния или его ухудшение; отек века на стороне
пораженной пазухи, потеря аппетита, быстрая утомляемость.
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Causes of sinusitis during pregnancy
A variety of reasons can contribute to the development of inflammation in the maxillary
sinuses: from respiratory infections to a bad tooth. During this period, a woman's immunity is
weakened, and she is especially susceptible to various kinds of infections. Even a common cold
can develop into severe inflammation.
Bacteria, penetrating the sinuses, increase the formation of mucus in the sinus by their
presence, and since the sinus opening swells, excess mucus cannot come out. The cavity creates
excellent conditions for the reproduction of pathogenic microflora and the development of a
purulent inflammatory process.
What factors provoke sinusitis during pregnancy?
infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
carious teeth and other dental problems of the oral cavity;
chronic diseases of the ENT organs (tonsillitis, rhinitis);
adenoiditis (inflammation of the adenoids);
deviated nasal septum;
polyps in the nose;
tendency to allergies;
hypothermia.
Therefore, it is very important to monitor your health during pregnancy, and at the slightest
deviation from the norm, consult a doctor, even if you are worried about a common cold.
Symptoms of sinusitis during pregnancy
At an early stage, the disease can be mistaken for a cold: runny nose, nasal congestion,
deterioration of the general condition. But there are signs specific to sinusitis that should alert you
and become a reason to contact an otolaryngologist.
Damage to the maxillary sinuses is always accompanied by pain in the bridge of the nose
and under the eyes in the cheek area. The patient experiences unpleasant pressure in the sinus area:
this is pus accumulated inside, and there is no longer enough space for it there. The pain becomes
more intense if you turn your head or tilt it down. By evening, the symptoms intensify. Also, the
pregnant woman
experiences:
an increase in div temperature up to 38°C;
headaches;
purulent discharge from the nasal cavity;
loss of smell or its deterioration;
swelling of the eyelid on the side of the affected sinus;
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loss of appetite;
rapid fatigue.
All these symptoms are very unsettling for any person, not to mention a pregnant woman.
Sinusitis is much more difficult to bear during pregnancy.
What is the danger of inflammation of the maxillary sinus during pregnancy?
Any pregnant woman has a logical question: is the disease classified as dangerous during
pregnancy? Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses does not directly affect the fetus, but it can
trigger a chain of processes in the div that can cause serious consequences.
The first danger is associated with the constant nasal congestion of the expectant mother.
When the nose is stuffy, normal nasal breathing becomes impossible. The brain and other
organs do not receive enough oxygen. This can affect, for example, the proper functioning of the
cardiovascular system of the expectant mother. Oxygen deficiency also has a detrimental effect on
the condition of the fetus. It can lead to hypoxia and pathologies of its development.
Therefore, sinusitis is most dangerous during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, when the fetus
is just forming the rudiments of future organs and systems, and the disease can disrupt this process.
Another danger is associated with the close location of the sinuses with vital organs (eyes,
brain) and the likelihood of pus entering the cranial cavity. When purulent masses in the sinus
cannot exit into the nasal cavity due to swollen anastomoses, they find another way out - they can
rise higher to the eye socket, to the brain or get into the blood. In these cases, there is a high
probability of vision loss, meningitis, brain abscess and sepsis. These conditions threaten the life
and health of the expectant mother and can be fatal.
Diagnosis of sinusitis during pregnancy
Diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis during pregnancy is performed by an otolaryngologist.
When the first signs of inflammation appear, a pregnant woman should immediately seek medical
help in order to recognize the problem in time and start eliminating unpleasant symptoms.
Diagnosis of a pregnant woman begins with a survey of complaints. The doctor finds out
when the first symptoms appeared, whether they were preceded by respiratory diseases, whether
the woman has allergies, etc. The woman must inform the ENT doctor about her condition, since
the treatment of sinusitis during pregnancy has its own nuances.
After the survey, the doctor proceeds to a direct examination of the patient. During a visual
examination, swelling of the eyelids and swelling of the cheek in the area of the inflamed sinus are
noticeable. When pressing with fingers on the cheeks in the area of the sinuses, pain may appear -
this is a physical diagnostic method called palpation. Then follows an instrumental diagnosis. The
doctor performs a rhinoscopy using special ENT instruments. Examination of the nasal cavity
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shows the condition of the nasal mucosa, the curvature of the nasal septum (if any), and the
presence of discharge from the sinuses.
A more modern method of examining the nasal cavity is an endoscopic examination. The
doctor carefully inserts a thin tube with an eyepiece and a light source at the end into the patient's
nasal cavity and examines all hard-to-reach areas of the nasal cavity during the examination. If
video endoscopy is performed, the entire course of the examination can be displayed on the screen
and recorded on a digital medium. Thus, the patient herself will see, and the doctor will be able to
clearly show what processes are taking place in her nasal cavity,
Often, patients with sinusitis are prescribed an X-ray examination. Inflammation of the
maxillary sinuses on an X-ray image looks like a darkening in the sinus area. The X-ray
immediately dispels all doubts regarding the diagnosis. But such a study is contraindicated for
pregnant women.
As an alternative to an X-ray examination, sinus scanning of the sinuses is performed.
This is a safe method of ultrasound diagnostics that does not expose the patient to radiation,
unlike X-rays. It does not require preparation, is carried out quickly, and the doctor immediately
sees the result.
To confirm the presence of an inflammatory process, the patient is sent for a general blood
test. To determine the causative agent of the disease, a smear is taken from the nasal cavity.
After the diagnosis is confirmed, effective treatment for sinusitis during pregnancy is
prescribed.
Treatment of sinusitis during pregnancy
Treatment of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses during pregnancy must be carried out
strictly under the supervision of an otolaryngologist. The "interesting" position of the expectant
mother imposes many restrictions: many medications and procedures are contraindicated.
Therefore, it is very important not to self-medicate, not to rely on the advice of friends and
recipes from the Internet. Only competent help from an ENT doctor will help to cope with the
disease quickly, and most importantly, safely
To relieve the symptoms of inflammation, the patient is prescribed vasoconstrictor drugs,
saline solutions for rinsing the nose, antipyretics. Among antipyretic drugs, preference is given to
"Paracetamol", since it is safer than other drugs.
The classic complex treatment regimen for sinusitis involves taking antibiotics. But during
pregnancy, taking antibacterial drugs is undesirable. In extreme cases, local antibiotics are
prescribed, which need to be irrigated into the nasal cavity.
A good therapeutic effect is shown by washing the maxillary sinuses using the method of
moving the liquid. Although in everyday life you can often hear another name for this procedure -
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"cuckoo". During the procedure, the patient is in a lying position. The ENT doctor feeds a
medicinal solution into one nostril, and from the other, using a special syringe, draws it out along
with all the purulent contents of the sinus. While the solution passes through the sinuses, washing
them, the patient should repeat "ku-ku-ku-ku-ku-ku" so that the solution does not get into the
throat. Relief comes after the first procedure.
Another method of treating inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is a puncture (piercing)
of the sinus. The essence of the method is that the doctor punctures the wall of the sinus with a
special needle, pumps out pus with a syringe and rinses the sinus with an antiseptic solution. The
puncture allows you to relieve congestion, eliminate headaches and a feeling of distension in the
sinus area. A puncture of the sinus is an extreme measure when the therapy does not work, but it
is very effective. Physiotherapy is contraindicated during pregnancy.
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