№ 19 (2025) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

Maqolada O‘zbekistonda sug‘urta tizimini liberallashtirish zarurati, bu jarayonning asosiy yo‘nalishlari, davlat ishtirokining kamaytirilishi, raqobat muhitining shakllanishi va xususiy sektorning roli yoritilgan. Shuningdek, xalqaro tajriba asosida mamlakat sug‘urta bozorini modernizatsiya qilish, soliq yengilliklari va axborot texnologiyalarini joriy etish orqali tizim samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqilgan.

Maqolada boshlang‘ich va o‘rta darajadagi tayyorgarlik darajasidagi sportchilarga stol tennisida taktik harakatlarni o‘rgatish metodologiyasi muhokama qilinadi. Taktik texnikani o‘rgatish bo‘yicha maxsus ishlab chiqilgan dastur samaradorligini aniqlashga qaratilgan 10 nafar sportchi ishtirokida o‘tkazilgan pedagogik tajriba natijalari keltirilgan. Eksperimentdan oldingi va keyingi ko‘rsatkichlarning qiyosiy tahlili, shuningdek, taktik tayyorgarlikning mavjud yondashuvlari tahlili keltirilgan. Olingan natijalar o‘yin vazifalarini, o‘yin vaziyatlarini modellashtirish va raqobat faoliyati elementlarini o‘z ichiga olgan kompleks metodologiyani amalga oshirish maqsadga muvofiq degan xulosaga kelishimizga imkon beradi.

Data sovereignty and cross-border data flow governance have become key issues in the global digital age. This article analyzes the theoretical divisions and practical conflicts between data sovereignty and data freedom. On the one hand, the theory of data sovereignty extends from traditional sovereignty to technological sovereignty, emphasizing the state's jurisdiction over data; on the other hand, the theory of data freedom has been alienated in practice into the long-arm jurisdiction implemented by the United States and Europe through the Cloud Act and GDPR, forming a new type of digital hegemony. Research shows that the practices of various countries are divided into two models: the "indirect governance" of the European Union and the "direct control" of emerging countries, and there is a trend of mutual learning and integration. In the face of governance fragmentation caused by long-arm jurisdiction, countries need to build a data governance system that balances security and development, strengthen data cooperation through various innovative measures, and promote orderly flows while maintaining data sovereignty.

Dori vositalaridan noto'g'ri foydalanish global sog'liqni saqlash muammosi bo'lib, jiddiy tibbiy va ijtimoiy oqibatlarga olib keladi. Farmatsevtlarning dori vositalari bilan bog'liq bilimlari va bemorlar bilan bevosita aloqasi ularga ushbu muammoning oldini olishda muhim rol o'ynash imkonini beradi. Ushbu maqola dori vositalaridan noto'g'ri foydalanishning oldini olishda farmatsevtlarning o'rnini baholash bo'yicha mavjud adabiyotlarning bibliografik tahlilini taqdim etadi.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarini kitobxonlikka o‘rgatish jarayonida ularning kommunikativ kompetentligini rivojlantirish masalalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot davomida kitob o‘qishga bo‘lgan qiziqish va mustaqil fikrlash orqali bolalarda tilni to‘g‘ri va erkin qo‘llash, muloqotga kirisha olish, o‘z fikrini aniq bayon eta olish ko‘nikmalari shakllanishi tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, dars jarayonida o‘quvchilarning kommunikativ kompetentligini shakllantirishda adabiyot matnlari, suhbat, rolli o‘yinlar va ijodiy topshiriqlarning tutgan o‘rni yoritilgan.

Mazkur ilmiy tezisda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida kredit bozorining rivojlanish tendensiyalari, mavjud muammolar hamda istiqboldagi imkoniyatlar tahlil qilinadi. Kredit bozori mamlakat iqtisodiyotining muhim tarkibiy qismi sifatida aholi va tadbirkorlik subyektlarini moliyalashtirishda asosiy rol o‘ynaydi. Tezisda kreditlashning hozirgi holati statistik ma’lumotlar asosida ko‘rib chiqilib, raqamli texnologiyalar, moliyaviy inklyuziya va hududiy muvozanatni ta’minlash orqali bozorni takomillashtirish zarurligi asoslab berilgan. Xususan, foiz siyosatini optimallashtirish, kredit axborot tizimlarini kengaytirish, hamda kichik biznes uchun moliyaviy qulayliklar yaratish asosiy istiqbolli yo‘nalishlar sifatida taqdim etiladi. Tezis yakunida kredit bozorining barqaror va inklyuziv rivojlanishi O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyotining raqobatbardoshligini oshirishda muhim omil ekani xulosa qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada epilepsiya kasalligining klinik turlari, patofiziologik mexanizmlari va zamonaviy antiepileptik preparatlari tahlil qilingan. Epilepsiya — bu markaziy asab tizimining surunkali nevrologik kasalligi bo’lib, u takrorlanuvchi tutqanoqlar bilan namoyon bo’ladi. Maqolada generalize va fokal turdagi epilepsiyalar, ularning asosiy klinik ko’rinishlari va diagnostika usullari ko’rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, epilepsiyaning asosida yotuvchi ion kanallari disfunktsiyasi, neyrotransmitterlar muvozanati, genetik omillar va neyroinflamatsiya mexanizmlari batafsil yoritilgan. Zamonaviy antiepileptik preparatlar, ularning ta’sir mexanizmlari, farmakokinetik xususiyatlari va klinik qo’llanilishi ham tahlil etilgan. Maqola epilepsiya bo’yicha chuqur ilmiy-tadqiqotga asoslangan tahlillarni o’z ichiga olib, ushbu kasallikni zamonaviy nuqtayi nazardan tushunishga xizmat qiladi.

This thesis examines how Betty Smith's A Tree Grows in Brooklyn highlights the themes of education, the symbolic significance of the tree, and the socioeconomic challenges that women face. Understanding the interplay of education, symbolism, and socioeconomic barriers in female identity is crucial in today’s world, especially in Uzbekistan, where women continue to seek empowerment in the face of traditional norms and economic challenges. By contextualizing Smith's work within the Uzbek experience, this study aims to illuminate the universal struggles for female identity and empowerment, showcasing how literature can reflect and inform societal issues. This analysis will not only contribute to the literary discourse surrounding A Tree Grows in Brooklyn but also provide insights into the ongoing journey of women in Uzbekistan as they strive for resilience and self-actualization.

Along with all levels of the onomastic system, ethnonyms also have their own patterns of formation. As in many Turkic languages, Uzbek also has simple, compound, root, and derived ethnonyms, which differ from other languages in some aspects according to the rules of Uzbek grammar. This article conducts analyses within the framework of this topic. Ethnonyms related to the Qo'ng'irot clan were selected as the object of study.

Public-private partnership (PPP) projects involve complex financial, technical and legal risks, and their effective management is an important factor in ensuring investment sustainability. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the international experience of risk management systems in PPP projects, assessing advanced approaches and their applicability in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The study examined the experiences of the United Kingdom, Australia and South Korea, and analyzed their mechanisms for identifying, allocating and monitoring risks. The results show that balanced risk allocation and transparent monitoring tools are crucial for the success of PPP projects.

Ushbu maqolada Hofiz Xorazmiy ijodi va uning o‘zbek adabiyoti taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Shoirning asarlari, adabiy uslubi, ijodiy merosining badiiy va ilmiy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, uning devonidagi g‘azallar va qasidalarning mavzular doirasi, obrazlar tizimi va til boyligi o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada Hofiz Xorazmiyning o‘zbek adabiyotidagi ijodiy o‘rni, uning adabiy merosi va badiiy uslubining o‘ziga xos jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, shoirning o‘zbek adabiyoti rivojiga qo‘shgan hissasi yoritiladi.

Bank kapitali tijorat banklarining moliyaviy barqarorligi, risklarni qamrab olish qobiliyati va faoliyatini kengaytirish imkoniyatlarining asosi hisoblanadi. Mazkur tezisda bank kapitalining tuzilmasi, uni boshqarishning nazariy asoslari hamda amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, Basel III standartlari doirasida yadro va qo‘shimcha kapital elementlari, kapital yetarliligini baholash tizimlari (ICAAP) va stress-testlar asosida riskga mos boshqaruv strategiyalari o‘rganiladi. O‘zbekiston bank tizimida mavjud kapital strukturasining zaif tomonlari, kapital zaxiralari yetishmovchiligi, diversifikatsiyalash darajasi va xalqaro moliyaviy vositalardan foydalanish holatlari amaliy misollar asosida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, bank kapitalini boshqarish tizimini takomillashtirish uchun kapital tarkibini diversifikatsiyalash, raqamli xavflarga tayyorlikni oshirish va strategik kapital siyosatini joriy etish zarurligi ta’kidlanadi. Taklif etilgan chora-tadbirlar banklar moliyaviy barqarorligini mustahkamlashga xizmat qiladi.

Along with all levels of the onomastic system, ethnonyms also have their own patterns of formation. As in many Turkic languages, Uzbek also has simple, compound, root, and derived ethnonyms, which differ from other languages in some aspects according to the rules of Uzbek grammar. This article conducts analyses within the framework of this topic. Ethnonyms related to the Qo'ng'irot clan were selected as the object of study.

Ushbu maqolada sun’iy intellekt (AI) texnologiyalarining inson hayotiga ta’siri, ularning hozirgi kundagi qo‘llanilishi, keltirayotgan imkoniyatlari va xavf-xatarlar tahlil qilingan. Sog‘liqni saqlash, ta’lim, moliya, sanoat va boshqa sohalarda sun’iy intellektning qo‘llanilishi misollar orqali yoritilib, kelajakda yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan ehtimoliy tahdidlar — xususan, ish o‘rinlarining qisqarishi, ma’lumotlar maxfiyligining buzilishi, etik muammolar va nazoratdan chiqish holatlari haqida batafsil fikr yuritilgan. Maqola sun’iy intellektning imkoniyatlarini to‘g‘ri boshqarish, uni axloqiy va xavfsiz tarzda rivojlantirish zarurligiga urg‘u beradi.

Ushbu maqolada Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasidagi besh mustaqil davlat – O‘zbekiston, Qozog‘iston, Qirg‘iziston, Tojikiston va Turkmaniston o‘rtasidagi do‘stona munosabatlarning shakllanishi, rivojlanish bosqichlari va zamonaviy holati tahlil qilinadi. Tarixiy ildizlardan boshlab, bugungi geosiyosiy va iqtisodiy vaziyatda hamkorlikning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Siyosiy aloqalar, iqtisodiy integratsiya, madaniy-gumanitar yaqinlik, ekologik va xavfsizlik sohalaridagi hamkorlik masalalari qamrab olingan. Shuningdek, mintaqaviy birdamlikning xalqaro miqyosdagi o‘rni va istiqbollari haqida ham fikr yuritiladi. Maqola ilmiy-publitsistik uslubda yozilgan bo‘lib, universitet talabalariga, siyosatshunoslar va xalqaro munosabatlar sohasi tadqiqotchilariga mo‘ljallangan.

Since its introduction by Koehler and Mishra (2008), various strategies have been developed to help experienced teachers build their TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge). Even in its early stages—when it was still referred to as TPCK—researchers suggested specific methods for its development. These included collaborative learning-by-design models for in-service teachers (Koehler & Mishra, 2005) and university faculty (Koehler et al., 2004), as well as instructional systems design (Angeli & Valanides, 2005) and reflective practice (Niess, 2005) for pre-service teachers. Over time, a total of twelve distinct strategies have emerged to foster this specialized form of applied knowledge. This chapter outlines these twelve approaches and situates them within the broader context of teacher professional development (PD), highlighting recent trends in TPACK-focused teacher learning and future research directions.

In the scientific work, research was conducted on a comprehensive evaluation of double-layer knitted fabrics made of pan yarn, with the aim of effectively using local raw materials.