The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
145
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
145-149
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-22
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
‘
ABSTRACT
The article deals with scientific views on the prevention and prevention of juvenile delinquency. We
will also focus on the ongoing work to improve the effectiveness of the prevention of offenses
committed among minors. In addition, the tasks and powers of the bodies responsible for the
prevention of juvenile delinquency were considered. The study analyzes the views of several scientists
on the prevention of juvenile delinquency. In addition, the article describes the judicial and legal
reforms carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of crime prevention, as well as a number
of factors that cause the appearance of offenses in society.
KEYWORDS
Prevention, prevention of offenses, minor, preventive conversation, prevention inspector.
INTRODUCTION
One of the main directions of the policy of any
democratic state is the activity on the
prevention of offenses, which consists in the
implementation of a set of interrelated
activities carried out by bodies and institutions
directly engaged in the prevention of offenses
in order to preserve and strengthen the rule of
law, identify and suppress offenses, as well as
identify and eliminate the causes of offenses
and conditions that contribute to them.
Some Issues Of Prevention Of Offenses Among Minors
Dilfuza Abdullaeva
Head Of The Department Of Private Law, Specialized Branch Of Tashkent State University Of
Law, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
http://usajournalshub.c
om/index,php/tajpslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
146
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
145-149
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-22
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
There are many reasons that contribute to the
commission of offenses by minors. Juvenile
delinquency, being due to the general causes
of crime in our country, has its own
characteristics. They are related to the age,
psychological, sexual and other differences in
the personality of juvenile offenders and the
mechanism
of
illegal
behavior;
the
circumstances
that
contribute
to
the
commission of offenses by minors; the
dynamics and structure of crime and juvenile
delinquency; demographic and many other
factors that relate to various socio-economic
and moral-psychological spheres of public life.
Of course, the direct object of social control in
the field of crime prevention is the personality
of students of offenders as carriers of various
public relations, relations and phenomena of
criminogenic significance. First of all, they
should include: children and adolescents who
voluntarily left their studies in schools,
technical schools, vocational schools and other
educational institutions, do not study
anywhere, do not work and lead an anti-social
lifestyle;
difficult-to-educate
and
underachieving students who systematically
violate the school regime and the rules of social
behavior; minors who have been conditionally
sent or returned from special schools and
special training schools; adolescents who have
returned from places of detention, who have
been sentenced by the courts to non-custodial
sentences, as well as those who have been
conditionally convicted and transferred to the
public for re-education; convicted students
who have been suspended by the courts;
unsupervised
adolescents
from
among
students who have committed offenses and
are registered with the juvenile affairs
inspectorate.
In the prevention of offenses, it is difficult to
overestimate the importance of the potential
and stimulating opportunities of family
education, as well as the criminogenic
significance of shortcomings and omissions in
it. Factors such as the breakdown of a family,
the loss of one or two parents by a teenager,
and the upbringing in complete dysfunctional
families, as a rule, are the root cause of illegal
behavior. The most unfavorable impact on
adolescents is caused by the conflict
atmosphere of families that inculcate their
attitudes and behaviors, they are rude, cruel,
disrespectful to the norms of behavior and
other negative qualities.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, since the first
years of independence, special attention has
been paid to the issues of crime prevention and
prevention, and a number of normative legal
acts have been adopted in order to implement
the goals and objectives set in this area.
In accordance with Article 3 of the Law "On the
Prevention of Offenses" [1], an offense is a
guilty illegal act (action or omission), for the
commission of which administrative or criminal
liability is provided;
Prevention of offenses is a system of legal,
social, organizational and other measures of
general, special, individual and victimological
prevention of offenses used to preserve and
strengthen the rule of law, identify and
suppress offenses, as well as identify and
eliminate the causes of offenses and the
conditions that contribute to them.
Crime prevention is divided into general,
special,
individual
and
victimological
prevention. In the scientific and theoretical
literature, general prevention is understood as
the prevention of offenses by the subjects of
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
147
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
145-149
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-22
I
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F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
prevention, the identification of the causes of
their commission and the conditions that allow
them to commit, the activities to eliminate
them [2, p. 192; 6, p.7].
Subsequently, in order to regulate relations in
the field of prevention of neglect and
delinquency among minors, the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan
№ 263 of September 29, 2010 "On Prevention
of neglect and delinquency among minors"
was adopted, which defined a system of social,
legal, medical and other measures aimed at
identifying and eliminating the causes and
conditions that contribute to the neglect,
homelessness of minors, their commission of
offenses or other anti-social actions, carried
out in conjunction with individual preventive
work.
Prevention of neglect and delinquency among
minors
— a system of social, legal, medical and
other measures that are aimed at identifying
and eliminating the causes and conditions that
contribute to the neglect, homelessness of
minors, their commission of offenses or other
anti-social actions, carried out in conjunction
with individual preventive work [3].
Thus, at the legislative level, the legal basis for
the prevention of neglect and delinquency only
among minors was defined. This circumstance,
as well as the need to implement priority tasks
to improve the legal mechanisms that ensure
public order, protect the rights and legitimate
interests
of
citizens
from
criminal
encroachments, pointed to the need for
further improvement of legislation in the field
of general crime prevention.
The analysis of the regulatory framework
showed that the issues of crime prevention
were regulated by separate norms of laws,
Government decisions, and departmental
regulatory legal acts. This circumstance did not
properly ensure the coordination and
effectiveness of the activities of the subjects of
crime prevention. Also, the experience of the
CIS and non-CIS countries in the field of
legislative regulation of crime prevention was
taken into account in the preparation of the
project. The study of international practice has
shown that in a number of foreign countries
(Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, etc.), the issues
of crime prevention are regulated by a single
legislative act.
Also, in the scientific and theoretical literature,
there is a division of crime prevention and
other criteria. In particular, in the dissertation
work of the Doctor of Philosophy on jurid.
sciences'. (PhD) S. B. Khuzhakulov proposed a
division of crime prevention according to the
features of preventive measures for general
and individual prevention [4 p. 20].
We fully agree with this approach, because
general and individual prevention are not
considered types of crime prevention, but
preventive measures. Namely, preventive
measures are classified based on who they are
applied to. Based on this, we suggest that
preventive measures for the circle of people
who are affected by preventive measures
should be divided into general and individual
preventive measures.
At the same time, it is appropriate to cite the
views of I. Y. Fazilov on the issue under
discussion: "the range of subjects carrying out
preventive measures is related to the types of
prevention of trafficking in persons: general
prevention of trafficking in persons is carried
out in relation to the population; special and
individual prevention - in relation to a person
who has committed trafficking in persons
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
148
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
145-149
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-22
I
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F
ACTOR
2021:
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(prone to commit); victimological prevention -
in relation to persons who have a high risk of
becoming victims of trafficking in persons" [5,
p.181].
Russian criminologist Yu. M. Antonyan states
"crime cannot be completely eradicated, it can
only be destroyed by joint efforts with society"
[6, p. 30-31], and domestic legal scholars Kh. T.
Adilkariev and I. T. Tulteev agree with him: "in
the fight against crime, the goal of complete
elimination of crime is not justified, since this is
evident from the state of the crime and the
circumstances of the fight against them.
Probably, the complete eradication of crime is
a very difficult and impossible dream" [7, p. 8].
Number of juvenile delinquents in January-
September In 2020, it reached 622 people,
which is 2.2 % of the total number of offenders.
The analysis of juvenile delinquency by region
showed that the Ferghana region is the leader
here (159 people). The next places on the list
are occupied by the Tashkent region (86
people) and the city of Tashkent (63 people).
Along with this, in Jizzakh (10 people), Navoi (11
people), Syrdarya (13 people) regions and the
Republic of Karakalpakstan
(21 people) registered the lowest number of
juvenile delinquents [8].
Based on the above, we consider it necessary
to pay attention to the implementation of the
following preventive measures in any society:
1)
Pay serious attention to the homelessness
of minors and timely prevention of
offenses committed by them;
2)
Establish permanent control over the
implementation of measures to ensure the
employment of previously convicted
persons;
3)
Identify dysfunctional families, parents or
their surrogates who have a negative
impact on the upbringing of their children,
and carry out preventive work with them;
4)
In improving the effectiveness of crime
prevention, not only the state or its
authorized bodies should be active, but
also all members of society, showing their
civic position, remaining true to moral and
spiritual values, only then can the expected
results from this activity be achieved.
Unfortunately, the system of existing
preventive measures does not provide
sufficient efficiency and effectiveness, in this
connection it should be emphasized that
improving the efficiency of the entire complex
preventive measures against a minor may to be
achieved only on the basis of a target-oriented
approach to the implementation of socio-
economic, political, legal, cultural-but leisure
and psycho-educational measures.
In conclusion, it should be noted that taking
into account the above scientific findings will
make a significant contribution to the effective
organization of the prevention of juvenile
delinquency.
REFERENCES
1.
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of
May 14, 2014 "On the prevention of
offenses" / / National database of
legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
[Electronic resource]. Access mode:
https://lex.uz/docs/2387359
(accessed:
30.10.2019).
2.
Criminology.
General
information:
textbook for higher education institutions
of Mia / I. Ismailov, kr. Abdurasulova, I.No,
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
149
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
145-149
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-22
I
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2021:
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it's not. Fazilov. The T.: Academy of Mia of
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The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of
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Republic
of
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[Electronic
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Fazilov I. Yu. Criminological and criminal-
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