O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI
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VETERINARIYA ILMIY-TADQIQOT INSTITUTI
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MUAMMOLAR YECHIMI YOSH
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RESPUBLIKA ILMIY-AMALIY KONFERENSIYASI
TO‘PLAMI – 1/24
SAMARQAND – 2024
Veterinariya sohasidagi dolzarb muammolar yechimi yosh tadqiqotchilar talqinida
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“
Veterinariya sohasidagi dolzarb muammolar yechimi yosh tadqiqotchilar
talqinida
” Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi materiallari To‘plami – 1/24.
Samarqand 2024-yil. 297 bet.
Ushbu to‘plamda veterinariya va qishloq xo‘jaligi sohalaridagi dolzarb
muammolarini hal etishda tadqiqotchilar tomonidan olib borilayotgan ilmiy
izlanishlarning ahamiyati, hayvonlarda uchrovchi turli xil yuqumli, yuqumsiz va
parazitar kasalliklarning etiologiyasi, patogenezi, diagnostikasi, davolash, oldini olish
va qarshi kurash shuningdek chorva hayvonlarini saqlash hamda oziqlantirish borasida
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tadqiqot institutida yaratilgan va amaliyotga joriy qilingan diagnostikumlar,
allergenlar, vaksinalar va boshqa erishilgan yutuqlar bo‘yicha ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.
To‘plam materillaridan veterinariya va chorvachilik sohasidagi OTM va ITM
larda ilmiy faoliyat bilan shug‘ullanuvchi ilmiy xodimlar, tayanch doktorant va
doktorantlar, Oliy ta’lim muassalari bakalavriat hamda magistratura bosqichlarida
tahsil oladigan talabalar foydalanishi mumkin.
To‘plam Veterinariya ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti Ilmiy kengashi tomonidan chop
etishga tavsiya qilingan.
Eslatma: Konferensiya materiallari to‘plamiga kiritilgan maqolalarning
mazmuni uchun nashriyot va tashkiliy qo‘mita javobgar emas. Maqolalar mualliflar
matni asosida chop etildi.
Veterinariya ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti 2024-yil.
Veterinariya sohasidagi dolzarb muammolar yechimi yosh tadqiqotchilar talqinida
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PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIOSIS OF RABBITS
O.A.Djuraev, Ph.D., Senior Researcher,
A.Kh.Khushnazarov, junior research fellow
Veterinary Scientific Research Institute
Annotation:
The article highlights the results of scientific research on the pathoanatomical and
histological study of experimental rabbits infected with atypical mycobacteria. It has been established
that the latter are able to cause rather deep pathological processes in their div. These processes are
characterized, in addition to general hemodynamic disorders, by the development of necrotic foci of
various sizes in the liver.
Key words: atypical mycobacteria, rabbits, autopsy, morphology, histoexamination,
histosections, internal organs.
Аннотация:
В статье освещены результаты научных исследований по
патологоанатомическому и гистологическому изучению подопытных кро-ликов, зараженных
атипичными микобактериями. Установлено, что послед-ние способны вызывать довольно
глубокие патологические процессы в их организме. Эти процессы характеризуются, помимо
общих гемодинамичес-ких расстройств, развитием некротических очагов различных
размеров в печени.
Ключевые слова: атипичные микобактерии, кролики, патвскрытие, морфология,
гистоисследование, гистосрезы, внутренние органы.
Аннотация:
Мақолада туберкулёзнинг нотипик микобактериялари юқтирилган қуёнлар
организмининг патологоанатомик ва гистологик текши-ришлар натижалари ёритилган.
Тажриба қуёнлари организмида нотипик микобактериялар анча чуқур патологик жараёнлар
келтириб чиқариши аниқ-ланган. Мазкур жараёнлар, умумий гемодинамик бузилишлардан
ташқари, жигарда турли ўлчамлардаги некроз ўчоқларининг ривожланиши билан
ифодаланади.
Калит сўзлар: нотипик микобактериялар, қуёнлар, патологоанатомик ёриш,
морфология, гистотекшириш, гистокесмалар, ички аъзолар.
Relevance of the problem.
It is known that livestock breeding is of great importance in
improving the agricultural production of the republic, the development of which is impossible without
reliable protection of animals from various diseases. However, the increase in the production of
livestock products is hampered by various infectious diseases, among which tuberculosis occupies a
special place. And this problem is becoming even more acute due to the fact that in recent years the
purchase and import of imported highly productive precious cattle has sharply increased. In addition
to all this, imported animals are very predisposed and susceptible to atypical mycobacteria, and also
react positively in allergy tests for tuberculosis. The disease not only causes significant economic
damage, but also has great socio-epidemiological significance.
Increasingly, reports are appearing in the scientific literature indicating the identification of a
significant number of animals with “nonspecific reactions” during allergy studies. These reactions
have been observed in animals infected with so-called atypical mycobacteria. Currently, more than
300 species of atypical mycobacteria are known, the isolation of which has dramatically complicated
the problem of eliminating tuberculosis. This is explained by the unreasonable slaughter of highly
productive animals and birds that respond positively to the introduction of tuberculin, as well as the
imposition of restrictive measures on the farm, household, etc. The import of a large number of cattle
to Uzbekistan from neighboring countries and Europe, where atypical mycobacteria are widespread,
has further aggravated the task of veterinary specialists. Increasingly, reports are appearing in the
scientific literature indicating the identification of a significant number of animals with “nonspecific
reactions” during allergy studies. These reactions have been observed in animals infected with so-
called atypical mycobacteria. Currently, more than 300 species of atypical mycobacteria are known,
the isolation of which has dramatically complicated the problem of eliminating tuberculosis. This is
explained by the unreasonable slaughter of highly productive animals and birds that respond
positively to the introduction of tuberculin, as well as the imposition of restrictive measures on the
Veterinariya sohasidagi dolzarb muammolar yechimi yosh tadqiqotchilar talqinida
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farm, household, etc. The import of a large number of cattle to Uzbekistan from neighboring countries
and Europe, where atypical mycobacteria are widespread, has further aggravated the task of
veterinary specialists.
Material and research methods
. In order to study the pathogenic effect on the morphology
of internal organs, an experimental intranasal infection was carried out with reference strains of
atypical mycobacteria of rabbits, divided into 3 groups (9 animals each). The first and second groups
of rabbits were infected, respectively, with a bacterial mass of M.kansasii and M.intracellulare strains
at a dose of 5 mg/kg; the third group served as a control and was not infected. In order to study the
dynamics of the development of pathological processes, rabbits were subjected to planned slaughter
2, 4 and 6 months after infection, three animals from each group.
At each slaughter, the pathological anatomical picture of the autopsy of all experimental
animals was carefully studied. The pathological material obtained from each animal was subjected to
appropriate histological processing; after staining with hematoxylin-eosin, all histological sections
were examined under a microscope.
Research results.
During control slaughter, to study the dynamics of the development of
pathological processes in the div of experimental animals, the following changes were established:
1 – group. All rabbits killed 2 months after infection showed congestion of the lungs with
small areas of atelectasis and focal pinpoint hemorrhages, as well as multiple necrotic lesions the size
of millet grains on the liver with curdled contents.
4 months after the start of the experiments, the liver, spleen and lymph nodes of all rabbits
were enlarged and hyperemic, and in two animals there were dense foci of gray necrosis on the lungs.
In one rabbit, the entire intestinal tract, especially its thick section, is diffusely affected by necrotic
foci of various sizes. The autopsy picture 6 months after infection was characterized by the discovery
of numerous foci of necrosis penetrating deep into the liver parenchyma, as well as severe
enlargement of the lymph nodes.
2 – group. In animals killed 2 months after infection, the liver is enlarged, on its surface in
one rabbit there are lesions with small punctate sizes, and in others there are extensive areas of
necrosis with curdled contents, the kidneys and spleen are swollen and stagnant. At slaughter 4 and
6 months after infection, no significant changes were detected in the internal organs.
At all times of slaughter, no pathological changes were found in rabbits of the 3-rd control
group at autopsy.
Pathological material taken from all experimental laboratory animals, after appropriate
histological processing, cutting and staining, was subjected to a thorough microscopic examination,
the results of which are given below.
Thus, morphological changes in rabbits of group 1, killed 2 months after infection, were
characterized by hemodynamic disorders in the form of hyperemia, stasis and hemorrhages in the
lungs; the presence of small and extensive hemorrhages, granular degeneration, micronecrosis of
hepatocytes in the liver and convoluted tubule epithelium in the kidneys; infiltration of lymphoid
elements of the connective tissue stroma.
In experimental animals killed 4 months later, serous edema with diapedetic hemorrhages,
infiltration of serous-hemorrhagic exudate, desquamation and necrobiosis of alveocytes and bronchial
epithelium are noted in the lungs. Venous congestion, depletion of the pulp in lymphocytes, increased
hemosiderosis and hemorrhages were found in the spleen. The villi of the small intestine are shortened
and deformed; there is no epithelial cover on them. The sinuses of the lymph nodes are dilated and
filled with exudate containing reticular cells, lymphoblasts, lymphocytes, single eosinophils and
erythrocytes.
In rabbits killed 6 months after the start of the experiments, the liver had multiple foci of
necrobiosis and necrosis of hepatocytes, hyalinosis of the walls of the central veins and arteries.
Granular dystrophy was established in the kidneys, hyperplasia was developed in the spleen due to
the growth of the reticular base, and the number of plasma cells was increased.
Microscopic studies of histosections from the internal organs of rabbits of group 2, killed 2
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months after infection, were distinguished by numerous small foci of necrosis in the liver. Many of
them focus on the breakdown of cell nuclei into clumps or their transformation into a homogeneous
mass. Necrotic lesions are surrounded by a belt consisting of epithelioid and plasma cells. In the
kidneys - dilation and congestion of blood vessels, granular degeneration and necrobiosis of the
convoluted tubule epithelium.
Histological studies of the internal organs of experimental animals killed 4 and 6 months after
infection did not reveal significant changes. Microscopic studies of histosections from the internal
organs of rabbits of group 2, killed 2 months after infection, were distinguished by numerous small
foci of necrosis in the liver. Many of them focus on the breakdown of cell nuclei into clumps or their
transformation into a homogeneous mass. Necrotic lesions are surrounded by a belt consisting of
epithelioid and plasma cells. In the kidneys - dilation and congestion of blood vessels, granular
degeneration and necrobiosis of the convoluted tubule epithelium.
Histological studies of the internal organs of experimental animals killed 4 and 6 months after
infection did not reveal significant changes.
Conclusion. Thus, the results of pathological and histological studies of experimental rabbits
infected with atypical mycobacteria showed that the latter are capable of causing quite profound
pathological processes in their div. These processes are characterized, in addition to general
hemodynamic disorders, by the development of necrotic foci of various sizes in the liver. At the same
time, the dynamics and degree of development of these changes in the structure of the organs of
experimental animals are very diverse, but they are more pronounced in experimental rabbits of the
first group infected with a strain of atypical mycobacteria M.kansasii.
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