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UDK: ЗЯ.79
WATER SCARCITY’ MITIGATION REFORMS: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
Jumanov A.O., Omirzakov R.A.
Assistant professor, Karakalpak State University
i azamat@tzkarsu uz omirzakov r
a
karsuuz
ORCID
0009-0005-331 7-5258
Summary': Water scarcity is a pressing global issue that threatens human health,, economic
prosperity, and environmental stability To address this challenge, comprehensive reforms are
essential, encompassing a wide range of measures to reduce water demand, increase supply, and
improve water management practices. Water scarcity poses a significant challenge to sustainable
development worldwide. This article explores comprehensive reforms to mitigate water scarcity ,
examining research findings, discussing key strategies, and providing actionable advice.
Keywords: Water scarcity, mitigation reforms, water conservation, water management,
sustainable development
INTRODUCTION
Water is the source of life. Its value is becoming more and more evident in the process of world
globalization. Water scarcity poses a significant challenge globally, impacting communities,
economies and ecosystems. The issue of water scarcity is complex, influenced by factors such as
population growth, climate change, and poor water resource managem ent [1]. Drought and
desertification are increasing annually, resulting in the loss of 12 million hectares of land and affecting
poor communities around the world[2, 89]. Water is life, which for millions of years has had an
incomparable impact on the evolution of life, die environment and climate change. Therefore, mankind
should protect it as the apple of its eye reforms to mitigate the effects of water scarcity. According to
the World Health Organization [3], one m three people globally (or one-third of the world’s population)
does not have access to safe drinking water. Also, regarding inequalities in access to water, sanitation,
and hygiene (WASH). more than half of the world does not have access to safe sanitation sendees.
Some 2.2 billion people around the world do not have safely managed drinking water sen ices, 4.2
billion people do not have safely managed sanitation services, and 3 billion people lack basic hand-
washing facilities. “Cluldren and their families in poor and rural communities are most at risk of being
left behind. Governments must invest in their communities if we are going to bridge these economic
and geographic divides and deliver this essential human right," said Kelly Ann Naylor. Associate
Director of WASH. UNICEF[4]. To address this challenge, comprehensive reforms are essential,
encompassing a wide range of measures to reduce water demand, increase supply, and improve water
management practices.
RESEARCH METHODS
This article draws upon a comprehensive review of scientific literature, policy documents, and
case studies related to water scarcity mitigation. The analysis includes quantitative data on water
consumption patterns, supply availability-, and the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies.
Water management
Water management is the control and movement of water resources to minimize damage to life
and property- and to maximize efficient beneficial use. Good water management of dams and levees
reduces the risk of harm due to flooding Irrigation water management systems make the most efficient
use of limited water supplies for agriculture [5]
Managing the water assets of many countries around the world is a challenge due to immense
difculties and vulnerabilities, rapid industrialization and urbanization processes, and the efects of
environmental changes, including global warming and climate change, as well as population'5 growth
and geopolitical instabilities The increase in water stress and shortages facing many countries
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worldwide is one of the main difculties confronting practical progress globally [6] According to FAO's
Director-General—Jose Graziano da Silva—this challenge will increase as the global population swells
and as environmental changes continue to rise[~]
Water scarcity mitigation reforms
Water scarcity has become a pressing global issue, threatening human health, economic
prosperity, and environmental stability- To address tins challenge, comprehensive reforms are
essential, encompassing a wide range of measures to reduce water demand, increase supply, and
improve water management practices. It should be noted that the demand and need for water is growing
more than ever. As a result, water scarcity is observed ail over the world.
Competition for water will escalate more than ever, as the world's total population is projected
to reach 8.6 billion by 2030 and 9.8 billion by 2050 [8] It means that an additional 2.4 billion people
are projected to be added to the global population between 2015 and 2050. whereas Africa will be the
major contributor On the other hand, the global water demand is projected to increase by 55% between
2000 and 2050(9] Die Central Asian region is also affected by this urgent issue. According to expens'
calculations, by' 2050, water resources are expected to decrease by 5% in the Syr Darya basin and by
15% in the Amu Darya basin On rhe other hand, due to population growth, water demand in Uzbekistan
will increase to
7
billion cubic meters by 2030, and this figure may' double by 2050. Systematic
measures are being implemented in the country to ensure efficient use of water resources, wide
introduction of water-saving technologies in crop cultivation and then state support, as well as
improvement of reclamation condition of irrigated lands. As a result of these measures, to date, the
area covered by water-saving technologies accounts for about 25 percent of irrigated areas, and due to
this. 3 billion cubic meters of water were saved and used for irrigation of 830 thousand hectares of re-
cropped areas in 2022
Taking this into account, water resources utilization has been radically reformed in our country
in recent years. The main issue is rational and efficient water use aimed at improving reclamation of
irrigated lands
In 2023, the main directions for improving the efficiency of existing water resources were
identified as:
utilization of existing water resources with strict distribution among water consumers;
strengthening state support for the introduction of water-saving technologies;
reducing water losses in irrigation systems;
increasing transparency of payments bv optimizing the cost of water delivery to the fanner 's
field,
introduction of modem information and communication technologies m water resources
management. [10].
Therefore, in the pre-election program of the President special attention was paid to water
saving and by 2030 all irrigated crop areas in our republic should be transferred to water saving
teclinologies and it is determined that measures will be taken to further strengthen incentive
mechanisms for farmers. In particular, in total for 2017-2023 - 1-2 million water saving technologies
have been introduced on 1 ha, i.e. about 31% of agricultural arable land It includes such technologies
as drip, sprinkler, discrete irrigation, flexible pipe, film irrigation, during these years 630 thousand
hectares of land were leveled by laser leveling.[1 1]
Within the framework of the strategy- "Uzbekistan - 2030'2. in the field of saving water
resources and protecting the environment, it is envisaged to introduce a mechanism for suspendmg
financing, lending and other financial transactions for facilities for which a positive conclusion of
environmental expertise has not been received. [12]
RESULTS
The research reveals that water scarcity mitigation requires a multi-faceted approach, including
Demand Management:
Implementing water-efficient technologies; promoting behavioral
change
:
and reducing agricultural water use.
Supply Augmentation:
Exploring alternative water sources such as desalination, wastewater
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treatment and rainwater harvesting
Water Management Reforms:
Improving water infrastructure., optimizing distribution systems,
and implementing water pricing mechanisms to incentivize conservation.
DISCUSSION
The effectiveness of water scarcity mitigation reforms depends on several factors, including:
Political Will:
Strong government support and public engagement are crucial for successful
implementation.
Economic Viability:
Mitigation strategies should be cost-effective and accessible to all sectors
of society
Technological Innovation:
Advancements in water-efficient technologies and alternative water
sources can significantly enhance mitigation efforts.
CONCLUSION
Water scarcity mitigation requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach. By
implementing demand management., supply augmentation, water management reforms, and other
measures, we can safeguard water resources for future generations and ensure sustainable development
In short, water scarcity is a global problem Under such conditions m Uzbekistan, as in many countries
of the world, important measures related to the rational use of water resources are being implemented
After all, the widespread introduction of water -saving technologies not only reduces water
consumption, but also becomes an important element of the transition to a green economy.
References:
1.
Water Scarcity UN-Water URL https www. unwater. org
:
'watet-facts water-scar city
2.
Omirxakov. R (2023). SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND ITS ROLE IN THE STATE
POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
International Journal Of Law And Criminology, 3(07), 89-93.
3.
WO (World Health Organization) (2019) 1 in 3 people globally do not have access to safe drinking water—
UNICEF, WHO June IS 2019. https:-? www who mt news item 18- 06- 2019-1- tn-3- peoplegloba Пу- do- not- have-
access- to- safe- dnnk mg- water- umcef- who.
4.
WHO (World Health Organization i (2019) 1 m3 people globally do not have access to safe drinking water—
UNICEF, WHO June IS, 2019. https: www who. int news ttem 18- 06- 2019-1- m-3- peoplegloba Uy- de- nor- have-
access- to- safe- dnnk me- water- umcef- who.
5.
Water Management wwwmrcs.usda.gov URL https, www.nrcs.utda.gowwater-management
6.
Yuan M-H. Lo S-L (2022) Principles of food-energy-water Nexus governance. Renew Sustain Energy’ Rev
155(March): 11193" https doi erg 10. 1016 j. rs« 2021 111937
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (201~) Time to act on water scarcity Global
Forum for Food and Agriculture Berlin. Germany. January 19-21 201" http: www feo.org news story en item
463792’icode.
8.
Islam SMF. Karim Z (2019). Worlds demand for food and water: the consequences of climate change In;
Faraham MHDA. Vatanpour V, Taken A (edsi Desalination: challenges and opportunities. Ch. IS. IntechOpen, London
https: dor org 10. 5“Ш’ intec hopes S5919. https: www. tntec hopen com chapt ers 66SS2
9.
Day A (2019) World water demand will increase 55% by 2050 Save The Water, September 20 2019 https:'
savethewater org waterdemand- to- mere ase- 55- globa lly- by- 2050
10.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 1, 2023 No DP-1G7 ’ On Urgent
Measures to Improve the Efficiency of Water Resources Use" URL:
https: lex.uz d gc„
2 QS_3v
11.
Baxitbsy ALDAMURATOV Suv tanqisligi muammo va yechimlar https: uzsuv uz ru posts 8 — URL:
httpi
imu: uz гп ро л . S44
12 Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan On the Strategy "Uzbekistan - 2030.’ dated September
11. 2023 No DP-158 URL.
https, !=x uz :и doc:-66'
J
C4
13
Rezyume: Su\ tanqisiigf inson salomatligi. tqtisodiy farovonligi va atrof-muhit barqaroriigiga
tahdid saladigan dolzarb. global muammodir Ushbu muammom hal qilish uchun
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keng qamrovli isiohodar zarur bo lib. ular suvga bo Igan ehuyojni, ta'minorni qisqartirish uchun keng
ко lamli chora-tadbirlanr. о 'z ichiga oladi amaliyodar. Suv tanqisligi butur. dunyo bo ylab barqaror
rhqjlanish uchun jiddiy muammo tug'diradi Ushbu maqolada suv tanqisligini yumshatish, tadqiqot
natijalarini o’rganish. asosiy straiegyyalami muhokama qilish va mumkin bo Igan harakadami
ta'mmlash bo ‘yicna kengqamrovli islohodar о ‘rganiladi.
Резюме: Дефицит вооы является актуальной глобальной проблемой, которая
угрожает здоровью человека, экономическому процветанию и экологической стабильности
Настолько, что выступает в этом случае, и в той мере, что и надо, и в целом, в целом, в целом,
в то время Нинт. Дефицит воды представляет содой серьезную проблему для устойчивого
развития во всей мире. В этой статье, рассматриваются комплексные реформы по смягчению
дефицита воды, анализируются результаты исследований, обсуждаются ключевые
стрсонегии и даются практические советы.
Kalit so'zlar: Suv lanqisligi kamaytirish islohotlari, suvrd tejash, suvni boshqarish, barqaror
rjvojlanish
Ключевые слова: нехватка воды, реформы по смягчению последствий, водосбережение-
. управление, водными ресурсами, устойчивое развитие
