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MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVEMENT MANAGEMENT FUNCTION IMPORTANCE
Iskandarov Bekzod Abdujalilovich
teacher at Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service
Abstract
: In the early 1950s , the development of management theory was greatly influenced
by the "new" school. It is characterized by the introduction of methods and techniques of the
exact sciences into management - mathematical modeling of decision-making, mathematical
logic, programming, and mathematical modeling of economic processes.
Keywords
: Management , management function , planning, consultation, situation assessment .
In the process of development of management theory, representatives of the “Empirical”
(pragmatic) school completely denied the need for management, that is, management, and thus
openly promoted empiricism. They believed that the purpose of management was to gain
positive experience in leadership and learn from existing mistakes. Representatives of this
school supported the idea that it was necessary to give more theoretical advice and analyze
more specific situations. In their opinion, although gaining experience and learning are
important, it would not be appropriate to form a management process based only on practice.
The most prominent and outstanding representatives of this school include T. Drucker, R. Davis,
L. Newman, D. Miller, and others.
The most prominent representatives of the "new" school are R. Ackoff, L. Klein, W. Luce, etc.
The formation of this school is associated with the development of cybernetics and the study of
processes.
The “new” school is a logical continuation of the “Social Systems” school. It should also be
noted that the Russian scientist A.K. Gostev (1882-1941) made a significant contribution to the
theory and practice of management in this regard. His books “How to Work?”, “Standardization
and Organization of Labor”, “Labor Manuals”, “Cultural Uprising” were published. Under the
leadership of A. Gostev, significant work was carried out at MMI to study, design and introduce
new methods of labor organization, and to create an optimal system of training and advanced
training of workers of various specialties. The proposals and recommendations developed by A.
Gostev are still relevant today. Another initiator of the scientific organization and management
of labor, PM Kerzhentsev (1881-1940), published such works as "Scientific Organization of
Labor", "Principles of Organization", "Fight for Time", "Organize Yourself" in 1923-1924. The
proposals proposed by P. Kerzhentsev on the standardization of manufactured products,
working conditions, and the proper use of material resources were considered very relevant for
their time.
Theories that explain human behavior based on human needs have become more developed.
The most famous authors of such theories are A. Maslow, E. Cat, D. McClelland, F. Hersburg
and a number of other scientists
.
From the above considerations, it can be seen that the process of scientific "management" is
1
Abdurakhmanov Q. and others Personnel management - T.: Sharq, 1998. -B . 138.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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considered a process related to the management of a person, that is, the mental and physical
abilities of a person.
Russian economist L.T.T. Kachuk defines the term management and the management function
as follows: The term "management" is used to manage socio-economic processes at the level of
organizations (enterprises) operating in market conditions. The management process covers not
only industrial enterprises, but also banks, insurance and tourism companies, and other
economic units operating in the market as independent economic entities.
The management function is a specific type of management activity carried out using special
methods, tools and techniques, as well as the organization of work and control over its activities.
LTTkachuk in his research divides management functions into 4 and, in his opinion, defines
management functions as “......the main functions of management, ..... planning, organization,
motivation and control.”
This means that planning, in turn, cannot function without the
functions of organization and control, and organization cannot function separately from the
functions of planning, control and motivation.
However, currently in most economic literature, 4 functions of “management” are listed, in
some literature 5, and in other literature even more. As the research shows, management
schools and different concepts of management do not always demonstrate the same approach in
content. Of course, it should be said that in the process of working with different literature, it is
possible to see that different authors, along with different interpretations, sometimes also cite
different functions. In our opinion, today there is a need to clarify the difference between the
term “management” and the concept of “administration”. Because in most cases in economic
literature, the term “management” is used instead of the concept of “administration”. It is
necessary to determine the specific functions of the management model, that is, the concept of
“administration” as a term, accepted among different approaches and opinions. These include
functions such as
planning, consulting, situation assessment, risk management,
organization, coordination, control, regulation, and motivation
(Figure 1.3)
.
An important difference between management functions and control functions is that when
control functions operate continuously, that is, when the existing functions depend on each
other, continuity of activity is ensured. However, in the management process, it is not required
to operate one or another type of existing functions separately, that is, in all cases, the existing
functions work in conjunction with each other. As an example, we can say that the use of the
expression car management is incorrect in content and essence. Because in the process of car
management, not all management functions can be used continuously. This indicates the need
to limit the inappropriate use of the term “management” in many cases today. The organization
of any process in control begins with the formation of a system of tasks and goals that must be
performed and achieved within a certain period of time.
2
Management / L. T. Tkachuk, pod ed. M. I. shchadova — Rostov n/D : Phoenix, 2012. — 539 p.— (Vysshee
obrazovanie). (S.6)
3
Management / L. T. Tkachuk, pod ed. M. I. shchadova — Rostov n/D : Phoenix, 2012. — 539 p.— (Vysshee
obrazovanie). (S.8)
4
Management / L. T. Tkachuk, pod ed. M. I. shchadova — Rostov n/D : Phoenix, 2012. — 539 p.— (Vysshee
obrazovanie). (S.8)
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Figure 1.3
.
Management process functions
In turn, business planning is carried out as another function of management. The main goal of
planning is to achieve the goals set for enterprises and organizations and at the same time
increase the amount of profit. It can be seen that the management process arises on the basis of
planning, which shows how well the planned business activities and the effective use of
available resources and factors are planned. The scientist LA Magalnik, who conducted
research in this area, defines the planning function of management as follows: “Planning is
understood as a function that determines the goals of the activity and the funds necessary for
this, as well as develops the most effective methods of achieving them under certain conditions.
This is a type of management activity associated with the development of plans for enterprises
and organizations and the preparation of their components. The plan, in turn, determines the list
of tasks to be performed, determines their sequence, resources and the time for performing the
work necessary to achieve the set goals. In modern conditions, planning is becoming a
continuous process of using new methods and techniques to improve the organization's
activities using discovered opportunities, conditions and factors. Planning cannot be presented
as a one-time event
. ”
The correct organization of the management process, in turn, is directly related to
making the right decision. Making the right decision is formed as a result of making a general
and optimal decision based on consultation with experienced representatives of this field, while
trusting in starting any work is important. We can also cite the verses in our holy books as a
basis for this. For example: “
When you have made a decision, put your trust in Allah. Indeed,
5
Developed by the author.
6
Magalnik L. A. Education in management and sphere. Planirovanie kak function upravleniya/retsenzenty A. I.
Ushakov, A. K. Kostin - Izdatelstvo Instituta razvitiyaobrazovaniya Irkutskoy Oblast, 2006. - 79 p.
Boshqaruv jarayoni funksiyalari
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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Allah loves those who put their trust in Him .
”
In addition, the decision-making function is
one of the functions that is directly important in carrying out a certain activity or performing a
task. It is precisely with the correct approach to the decision-making process, that is, making the
right decision, that the right start of work is achieved. This shows that it is necessary to think,
consult and make the only right decision in consultation with leading experts in the field.
The next function of the scientific basis of management is situation assessment, and when
organizing the management process or making primary decisions, each manager or group of
people is engaged in a preliminary assessment of the situation. That is, studying the current
situation, he makes a comparative assessment of the probability of implementing the planned
work, and only then makes a single decision on the implementation of this work. It is precisely
through this function that the ability to make the right decision arises in the management
process, based on how correctly the situation is assessed.
The next function of management, “organization”, occurs as the launch of business activities,
the start of activities, and the main goal of this function is also the effective organization of
business activities. The concept of “organization” is interpreted differently in the scientific
literature as a management function. In particular, BV Smirnov interprets it as follows: “When
we talk about organization, we can talk about organizational measures designed to ensure the
implementation of the program or create conditions for the adoption of a strategy and plan
. ”
In turn, the purpose of the organizational function of management is to effectively form the
management process and management systems, as well as the connections and relationships
between them. Through this, effective cooperation between people and production factors
occurs, and as a result of this joint action, effective activity occurs, that is, labor activity
achieves maximum results with minimal costs. As a result, orderly, organized activity emerges
from chaotic activity, which is an important tool for the development of society.
Useful literature:
1. Anchishkin A. Prognozirov a nie really sotsialisticheskoy ekonomiki - M.: Ekonomika ,
1973.
2. Gorbunov E. Ekonomicheskiy potentsi a l developed sotsialisticheskogo obshchestva //
Voprosy ekonomiki, 1981, No. 9.
7
THE HOLY QURAN. Surah Al-Imran, verse 159.
8
Smirnov B. V. Funktsii
upravleniya sotsialisticheskim proizvodstvom/Izdatelstvo "Ekonomika", 1977. - 141
p.
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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3. Kholboyev UX Theoretical issues of increasing the competitiveness of the service sector.
Journal of Management Values & Ethics. August 24 Special Issue, ISSN-2249-9512, page 291-
296.
