The writing is one of the great discoveries in human history. Modern and old languages in their history had used different types of writings. In particular, the Turkic language also used the alphabetical writing system. Among them there are Kok Turk (Turk Runic), Uighur, Arabic, Latin, Cyrillic letters. These writings were commonly used by all Turkic people. However, in the scripts used for the Turkic language, there were several types of letters that were used by tribes or religious philosophers. For example, the Syrian script was used by Turkic-Syrian tribes, and the inscription of Brahmi was used by the Turkic Buddhists, and the Manichaean script was spread in the Turkic-Manichean circles. In the Turkic- Manichean letter, many monuments of that era are survived. For example, Berlin copies of the Manichaean prayer book “Khuastuanivt”, Turkic-Manichaean prayer texts and other works. Only Turkic-Manichean letter, among other little-used scripts, was more adapted to the Turkic language. This article covers the adaptation of the Manichean letter to the Turkic language, about sources, reflected in the letter of vowels and consonants, the practical implementation of harmonicity in the texts. At the same time, when covering the aforementioned issues, examples from manuscripts and from fragments written on monuments of the Turkic language are given. At the end of the article, the Turkic-Manichean letters are listed in alphabetical order. This alphabet can help for those, who is interested in learning this letter.
Landey is the most popular type of verbal lyric poetry of Afghan (Pashtun) people. This type of poem is so widespread among the people that it is impossible to imagine Pashtuns folklore without it. This two-dimensional rhythmic poem is known for its incredible shortness of expression, although it is well-known for its ability to express certain ideas and experiences in bright, magnificent artistic lines. The term “landey” is derived from pashtu (pashto, pakhta) word " ﺪﻨﻟ " ("land") with the meaning "short, small poetry". Landeys are anonymous and have their own poetry composition, composed of two unconformable compositions, but also preserved their originality in describing a wide range of topics, events, and lifestyle. Landey, as an example of collective work of the public, is often created by the fact, without any training, but at the same time comes from the bottom the heart, describes the beauty of the human’s heart, spreads rapidly among the public and is considered national value of Pashtun people. No other type of genre of folklore is popular and extensively used by ordinary people like landey. It is difficult to determine the total number of landeys spread among the Pashtuns. A great part of them has been written down and published by today. However, according to researchers, there are tens of thousands of such poetic miniatures in the memory of the people. More than 7,000 landeys in the "Pashto Songs", which have a relatively large collection of Landeys, have been collected. They are often the result of the art of expressive art (expromt) during singing. Sometimes it is formed during the confrontation between the two interlocutors or groups, when two loved persons talk about their emotions or when their perceptions are expressed in the song.