The article discusses the consequences of such infectious diseases as cholera, anthrax, yellow fever, lung worm, which were most common among livestock in Turkestan in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, and the extermination of livestock as a result ofthe rapid spread of these diseases, as well as the activities veterinary clinics in Turkestan, the necessary medical unit in institutions, data on its absence, analysis of the fact that veterinary work was not carried out at a high level.