Стоматологическое статус является неотъемлемой частью здоровья человека, которое определяется как состояние органов и тканей полости рта, которая представляет ему возможность есть и общаться с другими индивидами, не испытывая дискомфорта и озабоченности. Между тем, появление дефектов зубных рядов или отсутствие зубов ведет к нарушению непрерывности зубного ряда, функциональной перегрузке сохранившихся зубов, развитию вторичных деформаций зубочелюстной системы, что, в свою очередь, приводит к нарушению функций жевания и речи, а также способно снизить социальную активность человека.Несмотря на актуальность проблемы,существующие методы устранения окклюзионных дефектов с применением дентальных имплантатов во многом не адаптированы для соматических больных.
Uterine fibroids and adenomyosis are an urgent problem in modern gynecology. In recent years, there has been an increase in the combined form of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. Improvement of non-invasive methods of ultrasound diagnostics with color Doppler hysterosonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the accuracy of diagnosing the combined pathology of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. The effectiveness of treatment of patients with a combined form of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis depends on determining the severity of a particular disease.
The aim of the study was to study the immunological cytokine status in women with combined forms of fibroids and adenomyosis to determine their role in the course of the disease. Methods. A total of 165 women with uterine myoma and / or adenomyosis were examined and the patients were divided into 3 groups. The research methods were dynamic study of blood flow of nodes by ultrasound with Doppler and immunological blood tests. Results: determination of the level of proinflammatory cytokines in patients before treatment showed the following results: the level of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α was higher in all three groups than in the control group. IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as VEGF, which proved the effectiveness of therapy. Discussion: an increase in the level of cytokines in the blood is most pronounced in combined forms of fibroids and adenomyosis compared with isolated forms of fibroids and adenomyosis. This indicates the participation of the immune system in the development and progression of such hyperplastic processes of the uterus as myoma and adenomyosis.
The aim of the study was the clinical and functional assessment of the complex treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy with the administration of the drug tanakan in the form of endonasal electrophoresis in combination with electrical stimulation according to IST and ultrasound Doppler mapping. We examined 43 (74 eyes) patients with GON aged from 58 to 76 years. The results of the study showed that this method effectively delays the development of optic nerve atrophy and, along with the improvement of visual functions, lengthens the positive effect of the main treatment, which was confirmed by a significant improvement in hemodynamic parameters according to the ultrasound Doppler study.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease characterized by damage to the central zone of the retina, leading to blindness and disability, which is a medical and social problem. The aim of the study is to improve the organization of medical care for AMD by creating an electronic program for clinical examination of a patient with AMD.
Hereditary coagulopathies characterized by reduced blood clotting occupy a special place among diseases of the blood system. The most common of these are hemophilia and Willebrand's disease. Hemophilia-the disease of "royals" - is an old, but still relevant disease.
Hereditary coagulopathies, characterized by reduced blood clotting, occupy a special place among diseases of the blood system. Based on who data and the likely frequency of research on these diseases, the prevalence of hemophilia ranges from 3 to 25 patients per 10,000 population.
Few studies of the oral cavity in patients with hemophilia have shown a high level of dental diseases, poor hygiene of the oral cavity. This is due to the lack of proper oral care, and dispensary monitoring, fear of prolonged bleeding after dental manipulations. For this reason, dentists try to avoid treating dental diseases in this category of patients.
At the same time, modern achievements of medical science in the field of Hematology and the development of effective replacement therapy allow to prevent almost all types of bleeding.
However, this group of patients is still unable to receive timely and high-quality dental treatment and prevention, which largely determines the high prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region.
All of the above is evidence of the presence of many predisposing factors of damage to the dental system in patients with hemophilia, as well as the need for preventive, therapeutic, including orthopedic dental measures for this category of patients.
In recent years, research has been carried out to study the problems of improving the organization of dental care for both the General population and individual categories of industrial workers4,6.
However, to date not carried out in-depth studies on the problems of improvement of dental care to employees of the chemical industry in the new socio-economic conditions of development of industrial complex and reform of the health system, there is no comprehensive study of the current status of dental service medical-sanitary unit (MSCH) large enterprises, comparison of availability and quality of dental care to employees at the place of residence and place of work.
The purpose of this review is to study the dental morbidity of chemical workers, develop measures to improve their dental health and improve the quality of life.
At the present stage of development of the industrial complex of our country, a number of large enterprises have the opportunity to organize dental care for employees, primarily with harmful working conditions, at a higher level. At the same time, the implementation of the preventive orientation in dental care for the working population remains an unsolved problem2,3.
The successful functioning of any medical service in modern conditions is possible only with the optimal interaction of all parts, all elements of the health system depends largely on the level of organization and management of medical institutions to optimize their work7,8.
Keywords: Condition of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the hard tissues of teeth and paradontium, taste analyzer, unfavorable factors of production.
Material And Methods Of Research: It is planned to conduct a study of 120 workers of JSC "samarkandkime" - the main group, as well as 115 patients who applied to polyclinic No. 10 and are not related to the chemical industry - the control group.
The data that was received was subjected to statistical processing using the Microsoft Excel application package. The reliability of the difference in parameters was determined by the student's criterion.
Results and discussion.Currently, the issues of dental health for workers in various industries are relevant.
Various harmful factors of production can have a negative impact on human health, including on the tissues of the teeth, periodontal, oral and lip mucosa.
Viral hepatitis (VH) belongs to the category of infectious diseases of the human body that develop under the influence of viruses, which are diverse in nature, in the ways of their spread and transmission from a patient to a healthy person and have one identical attribute - liver damage. VG is an atroponous infection, which means that their pathogens in natural conditions can only be present in the human body.
In hepatitis of viral origin, pathogens have a selective similarity (tropism) to liver cells. For this reason, the early location of viruses and their replication (reproduction) are manifested mainly in the liver tissue, primarily in liver cells (hepatocytes).
According to the nature and duration of development, hepatitis of viral origin is divided into acute and chronic. The threshold among these two types of disease is relatively taken into account 6 months from the onset of the disease or in certain patients from the onset of infection (if the disease does not develop) and up to 6 months - acute hepatitis B or acute virus carrier, after 6 months - chronic hepatitis or chronic virus carrier. [4; 8].
According to WHO, in different countries of the world more than 2 billion people are infected with viral hepatitis (VH), while about 350 million are carriers of hepatitis B and 500 million of hepatitis C [3; 5].
All known hepatitis viruses are present in the CIS countries. In relation to parenteral infections of viral hepatitis, the CIS countries belong to the region with a moderate incidence rate (35.2 cases per 100,000 people). In Tatarstan, the share of viral hepatitis "B" and "C" in the total number of viral hepatitis is 80%. According to some authors [1], the number of so-called "virus carriers" of infection is growing in our republic, more than 10,000-12,000 primary carriers of hepatitis B and C viruses are registered annually. However, the registered incidence is only a part of the true incidence and only the visible part of the "iceberg". This is due to the fact that most cases of hepatitis B occur outside the scope of medical diagnosis, without jaundice and with minor clinical symptoms. However, the anicteric form of parenteral hepatitis is less dangerous than the icteric form in terms of infection and consequences [10].
Viral hepatitis B and C belong to the group of viral hepatitis with a parenteral transmission mechanism. These pathogenic viruses are taxonomically distinct. Common features are the parenteral transmission mechanism and the obligatory circulation of the virus in the blood [7].
Viral hepatitis B is a strictly parenteral infection caused by the IIBV virus, including CMV; IIBV is highly resistant to cold, heat, chemical and physical attack. It persists for 3 months at room temperature and 25 years in dried plasma; a direct correlation has been demonstrated between IIBV duration and blood levels. [6].
The source of transmission of the virus (HBV) can be all forms of acute and chronic HBV, as well as virus carriers. More important as the main source of infection for the epidemic potential are chronic forms of HBV infection than acute ones. An important role is played by chronic carriers of HbsAg and patients with clinically icteric form of IIBV; the ability of IIBV to persist for a long time, often for life, in the human body is considered as an ecological form of its existence [3; 5].
The most fully studied artificial (artifacial) ways of HBV infection as a result of various parenteral therapeutic, diagnostic, therapeutic and non-medical manipulations, leading to a violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes and skin. The source of infection can be contaminated blood products, medical equipment and instruments, transplanted organs and tissues; transfusion of blood or blood products containing HBV can also cause infection (post-transfusion hepatitis) [8; 11].
In addition to medical procedures, non-medical parenteral injections are of paramount importance in the transmission of IIBV infections. This is especially true of intravenous administration of drugs, which has become widespread in recent years. According to a number of authors [2], it has been shown that in recent years there has been a rapid increase in the number of patients with acute viral hepatitis "B", which is associated with the use of intravenous drugs, and a quantitative increase in the incidence is observed among young men aged 15 to 30 years. . Below is a list of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis B.
The purpose of this study is to substantiate the functional features of periodontal tissues in chronic hepatitis B, C and mixed infection B + C.
The postmenopausal period of women's life is characterized by metabolic disorders in various tissues, including the dentition, in the form of tooth loss, periodontal disease, increased resorption of the alveolar and jaw bones (Khokhlova E. Yu., Volozhin A. I., Markov B. P. and others, 2015). The high prevalence of dental diseases in postmenopausal women and the difficulties encountered in their treatment and prevention are largely due to insufficient knowledge of the pathogenesis. In recent years, a large number of works have been devoted to studying the nature of the relationship between systemic osteoporosis and generalized periodontitis, however, the available information is contradictory and requires additional research (1, 4).
In the structure of diseases of the endocrine system, one of the main places is occupied by the pathology of the thyroid gland (TG), the growth of which in recent years has acquired an expanded geographical distribution. The current situation cannot be explained only by the increased interest in the study of thyroid diseases, as well as the improvement of methods for their diagnosis. The development of modern therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of this pathology slightly improves the problem [7, 1]. This trend applies to all age groups: from children to older people. The situation is aggravated by the fact that in violation of the functions of the thyroid gland, lesions of other organs and tissues, including the cardiovascular, as well as the nervous system with the development of secondary pathological circles that form dysregulatory pathology [3,4].
Among the production of harmful industry all over the world, including in our repub-lic, tobacco production occupies a significant place. In Uzbekistan, tobacco cultivation is car-ried out by workers of the Urgut district of the Samarkand region, which accounts for a large share in agriculture and brings significant economic profit.
The available literature does not cover the issue of the effect of tobacco dust and pes-ticides in combination with uncomfortable microclimatic conditions on the organs and tissues of the oral cavity of tobacco growers.
Some aspects of the mechanism of development of pathological changes in the oral cavity of tobacco growers are not specified in the conditions of Uzbekistan, and accordingly there is no data on adequate methods of their prevention and treatment [1,3]. In this regard, there is a need to study the features of the clinic and the course of the main dental diseases in tobacco growers in order to develop a set of organizational, sanitary, hygienic and therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at improving the quality of the production environment, pre-venting the development and reducing the frequency of dental morbidity among tobacco growers.
With the progressive growth of the chemical industry and extensive chemization of multiple areas of the national economy, as well as the regular introduction into production of various chemical compounds that have irritating, toxic, sensitizing, carcinogenic properties on the body, it is becoming more relevant and very important to study them in more detail.
Parodontitis is one of the most common types of dental pathology. Many factors play a role in the emergence and development of this disease. Despite certain achievements in the study of the etiological and pathogenetic ome and in the development of parodontitis diagnostics and methods of treatment of Ome, its emergence and development have not yet been determined to the end.
The emergence and passage of parodontitis is accompanied by significant changes in the content of humoral factors in the oral fluid: IgA, which plays a leading role in the defense of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, immunoglobulins of IgG classes and secretory immunoglobulins - slgA; albumin, whose concentration in the oral fluid increases as a result of increasing the permeability of the walls
To date, it has been established that 70% of people involved in tobacco growing have various diseases [4,6,]. Comparison of morbidity rates with temporary disability of workers employed in tobacco growing and the control group shows that tobacco growers get sick more often than others. The number of diseases they have is 37%, and the number of days of disability is 30% higher than in other types of agricultural work [8,4,1]. Diseases of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, infectious and allergic diseases, nervous and cardiovascular systems, skin and subcutaneous tissue occupy the leading place in the structure of tobacco growers' morbidity.