№ 5 (2025) Journal of Applied Science and Social Science

 Mathematics in the system of higher education is traditionally considered one of the most difficult disciplines to perceive. The effectiveness of its teaching directly depends on the chosen methodology, the ability of the teacher to adapt to different levels of training of students and the use of modern pedagogical technologies. This thesis considers relevant methods that help to facilitate the assimilation of mathematical material: visualization of concepts, use of digital resources, contextual learning, modular approach and elements of gamification. An analysis of the effectiveness of various approaches is provided and practical recommendations for teachers are offered.

This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of developing graphic imagination in future teachers based on in-depth pedagogical and psychological approaches. Graphic thinking is highlighted as an important cognitive mechanism that forms the individual's spatial, visual and associative thinking. The article describes the structural components of graphic imagination, the psychological theories that develop it (Vygotsky, Piaget, Gardner), and methodological approaches aimed at forming this competency in the teacher training system. The importance of modern educational tools, interactive technologies, and visual learning environments is also indicated. This article serves to systematically study the formation of graphic imagination competency in pedagogical education.

This study investigates the terminological development of contemporary dance in both English and Uzbek languages. The research focuses on loanwords, semantic shifts, and cultural impacts, examining how contemporary dance terms are incorporated, adapted, and translated between these two languages. English dance terminology borrows heavily from French, African, and Latin influences, while Uzbek has seen significant Russian influence, with increasing adoption of English terms due to globalization.

The article is devoted to the essential factors of increasing competency-based approach in foreign language learning and productivity in higher education. We study the content of productive foreign language education and the improvement of the appropriate methodical model that allows updating educational resources in this scientific field. The aim of the article is to determine the leading principles, methodological conditions and technological features of the productive foreign language learning by analyzing the classical and modern pedagogical practice, to develop the concept of the productive approach and the appropriate methodological model as the contemporary educational format.

The article highlights the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the field of fine arts, its changes in education, the creative process, and the creation of works of art. Suggestions and recommendations for the effective use of AI tools are provided.

The article explores the pedagogical foundations for integrating innovative technologies into the training of future English teachers. It examines key educational theories such as constructivism, connectivism, and Bloom’s digital taxonomy that support the use of technology in teacher education. The article highlights how digital tools enhance language proficiency, foster collaboration, promote reflective practice, and support inclusive education. It also presents pedagogical models like TPACK and SAMR to guide effective technology integration. Emphasis is placed on the development of digital competencies, instructional design skills, and ethical awareness among teacher trainees. The article concludes by addressing the challenges of access, equity, and educator preparedness, underscoring the importance of a pedagogically sound and inclusive approach to technology-enhanced teacher training.

Uzbek clаssicаl music is not just the musicаl аrt of а people, but аn invаluаble spirituаl heritаge thаt shаkes the soul of аll humаnity. Every melody, every refrаin of this music resonаtes from the depths of history, giving peаce to heаrts аnd purity to the soul. In this аrticle, we will reflect on the plаce of Uzbek clаssicаl music in the treаsury of humаnity, which is the soul of the deep philosophy of the Eаst, Sufi thought thаt purifies heаrts, аnd the musicаl lаnguаge of spirituаl culture thаt cаn see beаuty with the eyes of the heаrt.

This study examines the practical experience of architectural scholars and folk craftsmen in the processes of preserving and rehabilitating architectural monuments across Uzbekistan. It analyzes the theoretical and methodological frameworks employed in restoration and conservation, highlighting their integration with local traditions. Special attention is paid to major restoration projects carried out since the second half of the 20th century, including profiles of prominent specialists, craftsmen, and institutions active in this domain. The findings of the research outline the scientific foundation of the national school of restoration that has emerged in Uzbekistan, elucidate its contemporary relevance, and assess future development potential

This article explores the synthesis and processing of nonionic surfactants derived from indigenous resources such as vegetable oils, plant-based sugars, and starches. It discusses various synthesis methods including ethoxylation and glycosylation, as well as processing techniques from raw material extraction to product formulation. Emphasizing sustainability, biodegradability, and economic benefits, the article highlights the potential of locally sourced renewable materials to replace petrochemical-based surfactants. Challenges and future prospects in optimizing production processes and scaling up are also addressed, underlining the role of green chemistry and biotechnology in advancing eco-friendly surfactant manufacturing.

This article explores innovative methods for producing nonionic surface-active agents using locally sourced renewable feedstocks. Emphasizing sustainable chemistry, it reviews enzymatic synthesis from plant oils and sugars, chemical modification of lignocellulosic biomass, microbial fermentation, and green catalytic systems. The discussion highlights regional applications, benefits, and challenges, underscoring the potential for economic growth and environmental sustainability through the valorization of local agricultural and biomass resources. The article aims to provide insights for researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers interested in green surfactant production.

This article explores the development of nonionic surfactants synthesized from locally sourced renewable raw materials as a sustainable alternative to traditional petrochemical-based surfactants. It highlights the environmental and economic benefits of using agricultural products such as vegetable oils, starches, and lignocellulosic biomass in surfactant production. The article reviews common synthesis methods, applications, and case studies from various regions while addressing challenges in scaling and commercialization. It emphasizes the importance of green chemistry and innovation in advancing eco-friendly surfactant technologies that support local economies and reduce environmental impact.

This article explores the technology involved in producing nonionic surfactants from local raw materials, emphasizing sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to petrochemical sources. It discusses the types of local raw materials commonly used—such as vegetable oils, sugars, and natural alcohols—and outlines key production methods including ethoxylation, alkyl polyglucoside synthesis, and enzymatic processes. The article highlights the environmental, economic, and social benefits of utilizing indigenous resources, alongside the challenges faced in quality control, process optimization, and scale-up. Case studies from various regions illustrate practical applications and successes, underscoring the importance of this technology in fostering sustainable industrial growth.

This article examines the effectiveness of the project-based learning method in enhancing students' creativity within the educational process. It explores how this method contributes to the development of creative thinking, independence, and problem-solving skills, positively influencing students’ future professional activities. Special attention is given to creativity as the ability to generate new ideas and find practical solutions. The article highlights that fostering creative potential enables students to express themselves, collaborate in teams, and develop effective problem-solving strategies. Furthermore, the study addresses the role of national regulatory documents in organizing the teaching and learning process in higher education institutions, aimed at preparing future educators in line with legal and educational standards.

This аrtiсle аnаlyzes the urgent аspeсts оf the sсientifiс study оf аrt аnd сulture. It disсusses the influenсe оf аrt аnd сulture оn sосiаl аnd сulturаl-eduсаtiоnаl prосesses, аs well аs their аesthetiс signifiсаnсe. The study оf сulture аnd аrt is impоrtаnt nоt оnly fоr аnаlyzing histоriсаl develоpment prосesses but аlsо fоr fоstering the develоpment trends оf mоdern sосiety. Соnduсting suсh reseаrсh аlsо serves аs а signifiсаnt sсientifiс sоurсe fоr strengthening the fundаmentаl fоundаtiоns оf the field.

This comprehensive review delves into the persistent diagnostic barriers inherent in pediatric tuberculosis (TB), especially in high-burden, resource-limited countries such as Uzbekistan. Highlighting the clinical ambiguity caused by paucibacillary disease and the difficulty in specimen collection, the review covers conventional methods—including clinical scoring, chest radiography, tuberculin skin test (TST), interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Ultra—as well as innovative advances like stool-based assays, blood-based host-response tests (e.g., Xpert MTB‑HR), and AI-enhanced chest X-ray interpretation. We also discuss digital decision-support systems, active case-finding, and contact-tracing strategies. Country-specific data underscore significant underdiagnosis, with up to 58% of cases missed in children aged 0–4  . The review advocates for integrated diagnostic algorithms supported by modern tools and stronger health systems, with research priorities focused on cost-effectiveness, technology adaptation, and tailored pediatric solutions.

Spastic type of cerebral palsy (CP) in children results from congenital or early childhood injury to the central nervous system. Spasticity is the leading clinical symptom in this condition. Currently, botulinum toxin (BTX) is widely used in the treatment of spastic CP. This article analyzes the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin therapy, possible side effects, and methods for their prevention.

This article discusses power plants, their operating principles, structure, types of functions, and their importance today.

Traditional English Language Teaching (ELT) has often prioritized linguistic competence over socio-cultural understanding, leading to learners who are grammatically proficient but culturally inarticulate. This article advocates for a linguo-cultural approach to ELT, emphasizing the inextricable link between language and culture. By integrating cultural learning and fostering cultural comparison, this methodology aims to enhance not only linguistic skills but also global awareness and intercultural communicative competence (ICC). The article argues that understanding the cultural nuances embedded within the English language and contrasting them with learners' source culture is crucial for effective communication and for navigating an increasingly interconnected world. It explores the theoretical foundations of this approach, outlines practical strategies for its implementation in the classroom, highlights the benefits for critical thinking and empathy, and addresses potential challenges. Ultimately, a linguo-cultural approach enriches the language learning experience, making it more relevant, authentic, and empowering learners to become truly globally aware citizens.

Effective English Language Teaching (ELT) is not a one-size-fits-all endeavor; pedagogical strategies must be carefully adapted to the unique cognitive, affective, and social characteristics of different age groups. This article explores the critical importance of employing age-appropriate methods in ELT, specifically contrasting approaches for schoolchildren (primary and secondary levels) and university students. It delves into how developmental differences in cognitive abilities, attention spans, learning styles, motivational drivers, and social needs necessitate distinct instructional strategies. For schoolchildren, methods emphasizing play, sensory engagement, routine, and positive reinforcement are often most effective, while university students benefit from approaches that foster autonomy, critical thinking, complex problem-solving, and professional relevance. The article outlines theoretical underpinnings for age-specific pedagogy, provides concrete examples of adapted strategies, and discusses challenges in implementation. Ultimately, tailoring ELT methods to the developmental stage of learners not only enhances language acquisition and retention but also significantly boosts engagement, motivation, and the overall effectiveness of the learning process.

This article discusses power plants, their operating principles, structure, types of functions, and their importance today.

 This article analyzes the role and didactic potential of using multimedia, multimedia products, multimedia technologies, and multimedia tools in teaching physics concepts such as electric current and Faraday’s laws in various learning environments. The study examines the didactic opportunities provided by the use of electronic textbooks, virtual laboratory stands, 3D animations, and educational simulators in the organization of educational activities.

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 this article focuses on the research work carried out on the use of modern technologies in the construction industry based on local conditions and their practical significance. 

This article briefly describes the tikiner Python programming language library, which is currently widely used in the field of modern technology and forms the basis of modern technology, which examines scientific articles published in recent years.