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PHRAZEOLOGY IN ENGLISH
Qiyomova Guzal Ruziyevna
Ilmiy rahbar.
Abdig'apparova Ozoda Abdulla qizi
Talaba.
Filologiya va tillarni o'qitish
Xalqaro innovatsion universitet
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10197081
Abstract.
Phraseologism is an integral and organic part of both the language system and
culture. It is also called a phraseological turnover, a speech turnover - this is a stable combination
of words characteristic only of a given language, the meaning of which is not determined by the
meaning of the words included in it, taken separately. That is, words that are part of
phraseological units more or less lose their own lexical meaning. Thus, the phraseological unit is
used as a whole, ready-made phrase. The combination of the meanings of the words included in it
is the lexical meaning of the entire phraseological unit. The following article is devoted to the role
of phraseology in the English language.
Key words:
phrase, idiom, word combination, speech, synonym, colloquial phraseology.
ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Аннотация.
Фразеологизм является неотъемлемой и органичной частью как
языковой системы, так и культуры. Его еще называют фразеологическим оборотом,
речевым оборотом - это устойчивое сочетание слов, характерное только для данного
языка, значение которого не определяется значением входящих в него слов, взятых
отдельно. То есть слова, входящие в состав фразеологизмов, в большей или меньшей
степени теряют собственное лексическое значение. Таким образом, фразеологизм
используется как цельное, готовое словосочетание. Совокупность значений входящих в
него слов и есть лексическое значение всего фразеологизма. Следующая статья посвящена
роли фразеологизма в английском языке.
Ключевые слова:
словосочетание, идиома, словосочетание-комбинация, речь,
синоним, разговорная фразеология.
Phraseological units include phrases of the following types: idioms, collocations, proverbs,
sayings, grammatical phraseological units, phraseological schemes. The world of English
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phraseology is large and diverse. Every aspect of his research certainly deserves the attention it
deserves.
Classification of phraseological units of the English language Structural classification A.
Substantive phraseological units. Phraseologisms that are functionally related to a noun are
considered to be substantive. That is, the core component of substantive phraseological units is a
noun. For example: a drop in the bucket (drop in the bucket); Box and Cox (alternating); wind bag
（
philosopher; battle-ax, etc. B. Verb phrases Phraseologisms, functionally correlated with a verb,
should be considered verbal. That is, the core component of such phraseological units is the verb.
For example: to play it cool (behave calmly, coolly); to talk big (boast); to break a bubble (expose
the true face); to be in the pot (drunk); to make mountains of mokehills (much ado about nothing),
etc. C. Adjective phraseological units Adjective should be considered phraseological units,
functionally correlated with adjectives, that is, phraseological units, the core component of which
is the adjective. The share of adjective in the total volume of the studied phraseological units is
very insignificant. D. Phraseologisms with sentence structure In the English language there are
phraseological units that are structurally related to the sentence. Typical are those phraseological
units built according to the structure of a simple sentence and having components that are related
as subject and predicate. For example: he has no guts (he is a worthless person, he is worthless);
you said it (I totally agree with you); you’re telling me (you’re telling me! I don’t know!); It never
rains but pours (Trouble does not come alone); wipe it off (stop laughing, enough jokes); never
say die (don't hang your nose); sink or swin (everything is at stake, there is no choice), etc. English
aphorisms and proverbs belong to this subgroup of phraseological units. Their number is great.
Speech is the main way people interact. To convey the meaning of the topic of
conversation, mood, attitude to certain circumstances, quotes are used that are relevant in a
particular situation, proverbs and sayings, phraseological units. The use of figurative expressions
distinguishes a broadminded person who thinks outside the box and has a certain store of
knowledge. Phraseologisms are divided into several categories: Phraseological unity (idioms) is a
speech turnover, the meaning of which does not correspond to the meaning of the words used: a
bull in a china shop - an elephant in a china shop. By itself, this expression does not mean anything,
but in context it can be characterized by an awkward person. Phraseological combinations are
expressions in which one word is used freely, and the second is associated with the first: a bosоm
friend is a bosom friend. The word "friend" is widely used, and only in combination with it is the
word "bosom" used. Phraseological expressions are ready-made speech phrases that consist of
words with a free meaning, they practically do not resemble phraseological units. At the same
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time, like the previous categories of phraseological units, they are always used accurately and
without using any synonyms: live and learn - live and learn. The English language has a thousand-
year history. During this time, a large number of expressions have accumulated in it, which people
have found successful, well-aimed and beautiful. So a special layer of the language arose -
phraseology, a set of stable expressions that have independent meaning. Learning English is
widespread in our country. Good knowledge of the language, including English, is impossible
without knowledge of its phraseology. Knowledge of phraseology makes it extremely easy to read
both journalistic and fiction literature. Reasonable use of phraseological units makes speech more
idiomatic. With the help of phraseological expressions that are not translated literally, but are
perceived rethinking, the aesthetic aspect of the language is enhanced. "With the help of idioms,
as with the help of different shades of colors, the information aspect of the language is
complemented by a sensory-intuitive description of our world, our life." The world of modern
English phraseology is large and diverse, and every aspect of its study certainly deserves due
attention. English phraseology is distinguished by a wealth of functional-style and emotionally-
expressive synonyms. The stylistic coloring of phraseological units, like words, determines their
consolidation in a certain style of speech. At the same time, two groups of phraseological units are
distinguished in the composition of phraseology: common phraseological units that do not have a
permanent connection with one or another functional style and functionally fixed phraseological
units. The former include, for example, the following: Fromtimetotime - from time to time
Farandaway - much. They find application both in books and in colloquial speech. Unlike common
vocabulary, which represents a very significant part of the English language and vocabulary,
common phraseology, in terms of the number of units, occupies a modest place in the entire mass
of English phraseological units. Functionally fixed phraseological units are stylistically
heterogeneous: their paradigms differ in the degree of expressiveness, expressiveness of emotional
properties
The phraseological units belonging to it are often given in explanatory dictionaries without
stylistic marks, however, they still stand out against the background of common phraseological
units with a bright colloquial color, a slightly reduced, familiar tone in sound. Colloquial
phraseological units, as a rule, are figurative, which gives them a special expression, liveliness,
brightness. Colloquial phraseology, generally close to colloquial, is distinguished by a greater
decline. Rough colloquial phraseology sounds even sharper. It includes abusive stable
combinations that represent a gross violation of the language norm. Another stylistic layer is
formed by book phraseology. It is used in functional book styles, mainly in writing. As part of
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book phraseology, a scientific one stands out, which is a composite of terms: center of gravity
center of gravity thyroid gland thyroid gland school-leaving certificate publicist school-leaving
certificate people of good will people of goodwill formal business take place to take place
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