JAHONDA KINO SAN’ATINING RIVOJI VA ARXIV HUJJATLARINING SHAKLLANISHI

Feruza Yuldosheva; Bekali Muyiddinov; Umid Xayrullayev

doi:10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.76757

Authors

Feruza Yuldosheva
Bekali Muyiddinov
Umid Xayrullayev

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.76757

Keywords:

Kino aka-ukalar Ogyust va Lui Lyumerlar Parij Videoyozuv Videomagnitofon qabulxona arxiv saqlovxonasi kino foto hujjatlar AQSH Ukraina kompyuter texnologiyalar.

Abstract

Kino san’ati jahonda vujudga kelishining muhim jihatlari XIX asr oxiri XX asr boshlarida o’z navbatida taraqqiyoti, sohaning keying davrlarda rivoji kabi masalalarning o’ziga xos jihatlarini ushbu maqolada kengroq ravishda yoritilgan.

Mart, 2025-Yil

27

JAHONDA KINO SAN’ATINING RIVOJI VA ARXIV HUJJATLARINING

SHAKLLANISHI

Yuldosheva Feruza Yashin qizi

Muyiddinov Bekali Bahodir o’g’li

Xayrullayev Umid Fayzullo o’g’li

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti

“Tarix va filologiya” kafedrasi Tarix fani o’qituvchilari.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15160951

Annotatsiya.

Kino san’ati jahonda vujudga kelishining muhim jihatlari XIX asr oxiri XX

asr boshlarida o’z navbatida taraqqiyoti, sohaning keying davrlarda rivoji kabi masalalarning

o’ziga xos jihatlarini ushbu maqolada kengroq ravishda yoritilgan.

Kalit so’zlar

: Kino, aka-ukalar Ogyust va Lui Lyumerlar, Parij, Videoyozuv,

Videomagnitofon, qabulxona, arxiv saqlovxonasi, kino, foto hujjatlar, AQSH, Ukraina, kompyuter

texnologiyalar.

Abstract.

Important aspects of the emergence of the art of cinema in the world in the late

19th century in turn in the early 20th century, the development of such issues as the development

of the industry in later periods, are widely covered in this article.

Keywords:

Cinema, brothers Auguste and Louis Lumers, Paris, video recording,

Videomagnitophone, reception, archive storage, cinema, photo documents, USA, Ukraine,

computer technology.

Аннотация.

Важные аспекты возникновения искусства кино в мире развитие в

свою очередь в конце XIX-начале XX века, специфические аспекты развития отрасли в

более поздние периоды более подробно освещены в этой статье.

Ключевые слова:

кино, братья Огюст и Луи Люмьер, Париж, видеозапись,

видеомагнитофон, ресепшен, архивное хранилище, кино, фотодокументы, США, Украина,

компьютерные технологии.

Kino - yunoncha so'zdan olingan bo'lib, “kino”- harakat qilaman degan ma'noni

bildiradi. Kinoni dastlab olimlar tomonidan harakatlanuvchi fotografiya deb ham nomlashgan.

Dunyo tarixidagi dastlabki kino Parijda ommaga namoyish qilingan. 1895- yil 28-

dekabrda Parijda aka-uka Ogyust va Lui Lyumerlar birinchi marta qisqa metrajli filmni ommaga

namoyish qiladilar. Shu kuni birinchi kinoseansda bo'lganlar hayratda qolib, ko'zlariga

ishonmaydilar.

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Hattoki, namoyish etilayotgan kadrlarning qurilmasini, qurilmadan tasvir tushayotgan

devordagi, ya'ni oq chodirni ushlab ham ko’rgan holatda foydalanishgan.

Arxiv hujjatlari o'tmish bilan kelajak o'rtasidagi ko'prik vazifasini o'tashi bizga tarixdan

ma'lum. Chunki, o'mishdan bizgacha saqlanib kelgan bu arxivdagi hujjatlarda qilingan ishlar

bilan tanishib chiqishimizga imkoniyat yaratadi. Tadqiqotchilar tomonidan ayniqsa, audiovizual

arxiv materiallaridan foydalanib tadqiqot ishlarida o'tmish zarvaraqlarini ochishda muhim o'rin

tutadi. Demak, audiovizual (foto, kino va ovozli) hujjatlardan quyidagi maqsadlarda foydalanish

mumkin. Bularga xizmat, ishlab chiqarish, ilmiy, madaniy, ma'rifiy va o'quv-tarbiya

maqsadlarida foydalaniladi.

Videoyozuv — televizion, radiolokatsion va boshqa tasvir hamda tovush signallarini

magnit lentaga, diskka (magnit yozuv) yoki kinolentaga (fotografik yozuv) yozib olish va qayta

ko'rsatish hamda eshittirish jarayoni hisoblanadi. Teleko'rsatuvlar, videofilmlar, hujjatli va

badiiy dasturlarni saqlab qo'yish va zarur paytlarda tovushli qilib qayta ko'rsatishga imkon

beradi. Videoyozuvdan o'quv maqsadlarida ham keng foydalaniladi. Videoyozuvni

videomagnitofon orqali amalga oshirishning signallarni kinolentaga yozib olishdan ancha

afzalligi bor, chunki unda plyonkaga ishlov berish, bosib chiqarish va montaj qilishdek murak-

kab jarayonlarga ehtiyoj bo‘lmaydi. Videomagnitofonda dasturni to'liq, qisman, u yer, bu

yeridan ko'rsataverish mumkin. Bir lentaning o'ziga bir necha marta qayta Videoyozuvni amalga

oshirish mumkin. Hujjatli teledasturlar (reportaj, intervyu, suhbat va boshqalar) ni tayyorlashda

videoyozuv tomoshabinda “o'zi ham ishtirok etish” taassurotini hosil qiladi. Videoyozuv

yordamida “zamon va makon” muammosi ijobiy hal etiladi, chunki u vaqt ham “tanlamaydi”,

joyni ham “pisand qilmaydi”, ya'ni videoyozuvni hamma vaqt, hamma yerda qo'llash mumkin.

Videomagnitofon (video va magnitofon) - tasvir va tovushlarning yuqori sifatli elektr

signallarini magnit lenta (disk)ga yozib olib, uni qayta ko'rsatish va eshittirishga imkon

beradigan apparatdir. Birinchi videomagnitofon 1950-yillar oxirida AQShda keyinroq esa

boshqa mamlakatlarda yaratildi. Magnit lentali videomagnitofonning asosiy qismi aylanuvchi

videokanallarni sozlaydigan tyuner va lenta tortuvchi mexanizm, signallarni yozib olish, qayta

eshittirish kanallari, lenta o'rashni va videokallakning aylanish chastotasini rostlovchi

tizimlardan, boshqarish blokidan iborat. Videomagnitofon ishlatilishiga ko'ra ro'zg'orda ishla-

tiladigan, professional va maxsus xillarga, bir joyga o‘rnatiladigan va bir joydan

Urushdan keyingi yillarda arxiv Ukraina SSR tarix Markaziy davlat arxivining bir

bo'limi sifatida ish faoliyatini olib bordi. 1953-yilda arxiv Ukraina SSR kino, foto, ovozli

hujjatlar Markaziy davlat arxivi sifatida qayta tashkil qilindi.

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Keyingi davr mobaynida arxiv ish faoliyatida ko'plab ishlarni amalga oshirib bordi.

Jumladan, arxiv hujjatlarini jamlash, ularga ilmiy-ma'lumotnoma apparatlari tuzib

chiqish ishlari amalga oshirildi. Arxiv faoliyatini yangi bosqichida audiovizul materiallarni

saqlanishini ta'minlash, hisobga olish, jamlash va foydalanishni tashkil etishni ustuvor vazifa

qilib belgilandi. Buning uchun esa arxiv uchun maxsus ixtisoslashtirilgan bino zarur edi.

Natijada, 1975-yilda Smolensk shahrining 24-ko'chasidagi 3 etajli binoga ko'chirildi. Bu

binoda qabulxona, arxiv saqlovxonasi, kino, foto hujjatlar uchun maxsus laboratoriya, ilmiy

tadqiqotchilar uchun o'quv zali xonalari mavjud edi. Arxiv xodimlari arxiv hujjatlaridan

foydalanuvchilar uchun hujjatlarni, ma'lumotlarni tezda qidirib topib berish uchun arxiv

ma'lumotnomalari, izohli lug'at, yo'l ko'rsatkichlar va o'quv qo'llanmalari ishlab chiqildi.

Keyingi yillarda Ukraina davlati mustaqilligini qo'lga kiritishi tufayli arxivning

rivojlanishi uchun muhim omil bo'lib xizmat qildi.

1992-yilda arxiv Ukraina kino, foto va ovozli hujjatlar Markaziy davlat arxivi nomi bilan

qayta tashkil qilindi. 1998-yil arxivga yangi davrdagi audiovizual materiallar qabul qilina

boshlandi. Ukraina ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy taraqqiyoti natijasida arxiv xodimlari tajribasiga binoan

arxivda yangi tizimda ish yuritila boshlandi. Shuningdek, arxiv yangi kompyuter texnologiyalar

bilan ta'minlandi. Deyarli hamma bo'limlaridan hujjatlarni tezda qidirib topish uchun ilmiy

ma'lumotnoma apparati va yo'l ko'rsatkichlar tuzib chiqildi.

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IJTIMOIY HOLAT. Modern Science and Research, 4(2), 1186-1193.

53.

Xayrullayev, U., & Farhodjonova, Z. (2025). MUSTAQILLIKNING DASTLABKI

YILLARIDA BUXORO VILOYATIDAGI IQTISODIY VAZIYAT. Modern Science and

Research, 4(2), 494-503.

54.

Rahmonova, S., Xayrullayev, U., & Sayfutdinov, F. (2025). “ОММАВИЙ МАДАНИЯТ”

НИНГ МОҲИЯТИ, ТАРИХИЙ ИЛДИЗИ, ХАРАКТЕРИ ВА РИВОЖЛАНИШ

БОСҚИЧЛАРИ. Modern Science and Research, 4(1), 479-488.

55.

Boltayev, O. (2024). QO’QON XONLIGINING XVIII ASR SO’NGI CHORAGIDA

BUXORO,

XIVA

VA

KO’CHMANCHILAR

BILAN

OLIB

BORGAN

DIPLOMATIYASI.

Modern Science and Research

,

3

(10), 64-68.

56.

Obid o’g’li, B. O. QO’QON XONLIGINING XVIII ASR SO’NGI CHORAGIDA

BUXORO,

XIVA

VA

KO’CHMANCHILAR

BILAN

OLIB

BORGAN

DIPLOMATIYASI.

57.

Boltaev, O. (2024). BUKHARA'S CARAVAN TRADE AND ITS ROLE ON THE SILK

ROAD.

Analytical Journal of Education and Development

,

4

(10), 293-297.

58.

Boltayev, O. (2024). XX ASR BOSHLARIDA GERMANIYA VA TURKIYA

ITTIFOQINING MARKAZIY OSIYOGA TA'SIRI.

Modern Science and Research

,

3

(12),

556-564.

59.

Boltayev, O. (2023). A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE POLITICAL AND

DIPLOMATIC PROCESSES IN CENTRAL ASIA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 18TH

CENTURY.

Modern Science and Research

,

2

(9), 145-149.

60.

Boltayev, O. (2025). TARIX FANI UCHUN YOZMA VA OG’ZAKI MANBALARNING

SHAKLLANISHI.

Modern Science and Research

,

4

(1), 909-917.

61.

Boltayev, O. (2025). XITOY (SIN) IMPERIYASINING JUNG ‘OR XONLIGINI ISTILO

QILISH ARAFASIDA MARKAZIY OSIYODA SIYOSIY VAZIYAT.

Modern Science

and Research

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4

(2), 1029-1037.

Mart, 2025-Yil

35

62.

Boltayev, O. (2025). XITOY (SIN) IMPERIYASINING JUNG ‘OR XONLIGINI ISTILO

QILISH ARAFASIDA MARKAZIY OSIYODA SIYOSIY VAZIYAT.

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63.

Boltayev, O. (2025). XVIII ASR BOSHLARIDA BUXORO XONLIGI HUDUDIGA

KO’CHMANCHI QABILALARNING HUJUMLARI VA HUKUMRON QATLAMNING

ULARGA QARSHI HARAKATLARIGA UMUMIY TAVSIF.

Modern Science and

Research

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4

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