G‘ARBIY TURK XOQONLIGI: TARIXI VA DAVLAT TUZILMASI

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ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 5

G‘ARBIY TURK XOQONLIGI: TARIXI VA DAVLAT TUZILMASI

Yuldosheva Feruza Yashin qizi

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti o’qituvchisi.

yuldoshevaftarix@gmail.com

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15399077

Annotatsiya. G‘arbiy Turk xoqonligi Markaziy Osiyo tarixida muhim o‘rin tutgan ilk

o‘rta asrlar davlatlaridan biridir. Ushbu xoqonlik VI asr o‘rtalarida Turk xoqonligining ikki
qismga – Sharqiy va G‘arbiy qismlarga bo‘linishi natijasida yuzaga kelgan. G‘arbiy Turk
xoqonligi o‘z davrida Yevroosiyo mintaqasida siyosiy va iqtisodiy jihatdan kuchli davlat bo‘lgan
bo‘lib, Ipak yo‘lining g‘arbiy tarmog‘i ustidan nazorat qilgan.

Kalit so’zlar: Turk xoqonligi, Ili vodiysi, xoqon, etnos, Ipak yo‘li.

Xoqonlikning tashkil topishi. G‘arbiy Turk xoqonligi 603-yilda Turk xoqonligining

ikkiga bo‘linishi natijasida yuzaga keldi. Bu bo‘linishga sabablardan biri siyosiy ziddiyatlar va
hokimiyat uchun kurashlar edi.

Bo‘linishdan so‘ng, g‘arbiy hududlarda hukmronlik qila boshlagan xoqonlar o‘z

markazlarini Ili vodiysi va Chu daryosi bo‘ylariga joylashtirdilar.

Dastlabki xoqonlardan biri Tardu (Tardu Xoqon) bo‘lib, u o‘zini mustaqil hukmdor deb

e’lon qilgan. G‘arbiy Turk xoqonligi hududi bugungi Qozog‘iston, Qirg‘iziston, sharqiy
Turkiston (hozirgi Shinjon), shuningdek, janubiy Uralgacha bo‘lgan yerlarni o‘z ichiga olgan.

Bu davlat ko‘chmanchi turk qabilalari – tulozlar, og‘uzlar, qarluq va boshqa etnoslar

tomonidan boshqarilgan. Xoqonlik harbiy aristokratiya asosida boshqarilgan bo‘lib, hokimiyat
xoqonlar va ularga yaqin turgan noyonlar qo‘lida bo‘lgan.

G‘arbiy Turk xoqonligi o‘z davrida ko‘plab xorijiy davlatlar bilan diplomatik aloqalar

o‘rnatgan. Ayniqsa, Eronning Sosoniylar sulolasi, Vizantiya imperiyasi va Xitoy Tang sulolasi
bilan olib borilgan diplomatiya muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan. Vizantiya imperiyasi bilan Ipak
yo‘lidagi savdo manfaatlari ustidan ittifoq tuzilib, Sosoniylarga qarshi birgalikda harakatlar
amalga oshirilga

G‘arbiy Turk xoqonligi davrida ko‘chmanchi turklar va mahalliy dehqon aholi o‘rtasida

madaniy almashinuv kuchaygan. Savdo-sotiq asosiy iqtisodiy faoliyatlardan biri bo‘lgan.
Ayniqsa, Buyuk Ipak yo‘lining g‘arbiy yo‘nalishini nazorat qilish ularga iqtisodiy kuch va
siyosiy nufuz baxsh etgan.

VII asrning ikkinchi yarmiga kelib G‘arbiy Turk xoqonligi ichki nizolar, hokimiyat

uchun kurash va tashqi bosimlar oqibatida zaiflashdi. 657-yilda Xitoy Tang imperatori
qo‘shinlari xoqonlikka bostirib kirib, uning siyosiy mustaqilligiga yakun yasadi.

G‘arbiy Xo‘qonlik kuchli harbiy davlat edi. Harbiy tuzilma ko‘chmanchi turkiy

xalqlarning an’anaviy tizimiga asoslangan bo‘lib, har bir erkak kishi harbiy xizmatga majbur edi.

Lashkar tuzilmasi o‘nlik tizim asosida qurilgan: o‘nlik, yuzlik, minglik va tumanlar. Bosh

qo‘mondon – bog‘a-tarkhan xoqon tomonidan tayinlangan. G‘arbiy Xo‘qonlikda qonunlar
yozma emas, balki og‘zaki an’analar – töre (yoki toru) asosida yuritilgan.

Bu torelar qadimgi turkiy urf-odatlar, ijtimoiy normalar va adolat tamoyillariga

asoslangan.

Sud hokimiyati odatda beklik yoki urug‘ boshliqlari qo‘lida bo‘lgan. Ulug‘ ishlar xoqon

qaroriga bog‘liq bo‘lgan.

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Jamiyat qatlamlarga bo‘lingan:
1. Xoqon va uning qarindoshlari – hukmdor tabaqa;
2. Noyonlar – harbiy va ma’muriy elita;
3. Oddiy qabiladoshlar – dehqonlar, chorvadorlar, hunarmandlar;
4. Qullar – urushda asir olinganlar va ijtimoiy past tabaqa vakillari.
G‘arbiy Turk xoqonligi Markaziy Osiyo tarixida o‘ziga xos iz qoldirgan davlatlardan biri

bo‘lib, u turkiy xalqlarning ilk davlatchilik tajribalarini shakllantirgan.

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