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Kamol Rakhimov, Scientific adviser Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Valiev Sanjar Rafaelevich Independent scientist job seeker (PhD) degrees
of the Samarkand State Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute named
after M. Ulugbek
RESERVE MUSEUMS UNDER AN OPEN SKY AS A METHOD FOR PRESERVING
THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT
K. Rakhimov, S. Valiev
Abstract: Architectural studies on the creation of a reserve museum
allow for the simultaneous preservation of historical and cultural heritage
and the development of tourism by placing the appropriate infrastructure
for the fruitful work of archaeological scientists and active tourists visiting
the archaeological site
Key words: Ancient fortifications; Akhsikent; architecture; open-air
museum
Research work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on the topic
"Architectural Studies on the Creation of the Akhsikent Museum of the
Reserve" is carried out under the supervision of prof. Rakhimov K.D. at the
Samarkand State Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute named after
M. Ulugbek.
Currently, Uzbekistan is actively working to protect monuments,
historical and cultural heritage and the development of tourism in the
country. The sphere of culture and digital technologies in this regard
occupies a special place in the program of the government of the country [1].
As you know, the first steps in the museumification of monuments date
back to the 19th century. The Swedish researcher A. Hazelius was the first
to create an ethnographic open-air museum, which in form is a museum
park. Following the Swedish researcher Skansen, the process of creating
open-air museums began throughout Europe [4].
In the middle of the XX century. at the archaeological site, archaeological
open-air museums appeared. The objects discovered during excavations
after conservation were exhibited inside the exhibition pavilions in the
territory of this archaeological park. This approach created a sense of
presence in a genuine historical environment.
We have studied open-air museums in Europe, USA, Japan, South Korea,
Indonesia, China, as well as similar museums on the African and Australian
continents, the CIS and Central Asian countries.
The results of historical, archaeological, archaeological and
geographical studies of the Eski Akhsi settlement and its environs (Akhsiket
oasis), as well as analysis of information from written sources, allow us to
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recreate the stages of urban culture development starting from the 2nd
century BC and before the beginning of the twentieth century. AD and
localize the capital cities of Ferghana, develop a chronology and
periodization of the ancient settlement of Akhsikent of the era of antiquity
and the Middle Ages, determine the time of its occurrence and development
[5].
It is in this region in the III - II centuries. BC. the city of Akhsiket
(Fargana-Pargana-Parkana) arose, which existed for 1.5 thousand years.
In accordance with the individual research plan, we conduct a study and
analysis of the state of ancient fortifications in the volume of all Central
Asian states, which will allow us to draw the appropriate conclusions and
suggestions for their conservation and protection, as an object of national
heritage and tourism.
On the basis of architectural tools, a new approach is being developed
in creating an open-air reserve museum, which is practically applicable in
all ancient fortifications, and the proposed concept enables architects to
create their architectural projects for preserving these ancient fortifications.
At present, in order to preserve this national heritage and at the same
time draw attention to this historical monument, both local and foreign
tourists, we present the Architectural Improvement Project of the Akhsikent
Open Air Museum.
At present, in order to preserve this national heritage and at the same
time draw attention to this historical monument, both local and foreign
tourists, we present the Architectural Improvement Project of the Akhsikent
Open Air Museum.
The reserve museum, in addition to the historical part, provides optimal
service for tourist services such as: car parking, a wind farm for autonomous
power supply and creating a microclimate at different times of the year, an
electronic library, a visitor center serving visitors, a hotel, a cable car, as well
as lecture halls and training classes. In classrooms, visitors will be able to try
to do the traditional crafts of the inhabitants who inhabited Akhsikent
(making pottery, making "damask" swords, etc.). Visitors will also have the
opportunity to take part in archaeological excavations conducted in the
museum's reserve. Currently, the use of such technologies and their
implementation are becoming necessary conditions for the development of
Uzbekistan [2, 6].
Summary:
- the study of open-air museums existing in the world shows that they
are diverse and how diverse are the ways of their conservation and visiting
by tourists. In Europe, where ancient cities and ancient settlements were
built mainly of stone, they are in good preserved condition. In Russia and
other CIS countries of the European part, where the folk heritage is
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represented mainly by wooden architectural architecture, their
preservation is possible with constant care, architectural monuments here
are not covered with awnings and other means to protect them from adverse
weather conditions, but only certain protection elements are used from
groundwater and precipitation. Such maintenance of the monuments does
not allow them to be fully preserved;
- a study of the state of ancient settlements of Central Asian countries:
Uzbekistan - Tashkent (Ming Urik, Shash Tepa, Kanka), Samarkand
(Afrosiab), Namangan (Akhsikent), Kashkadarya (Erkurgan), Surkhandarya
(Dalverzintepe),
Bukhara
(Vardanzi),
Khorezm
(Toprak
feces);
Turkmenistan (Yekedeshik, Serakhs, Kushka, Margush, Gonur-Depe, Kunya
Urgench, Misriyan), Tajikistan (Penjikent), Kazakhstan (Kayalyk,
Karamergen, Talgar, Aktobe, Akyrtas, Kulan, Kostobe, Ornek) shows that
here museums preserve folk the heritage of ancient fortifications is in poor
condition and there is practically no tourist infrastructure;
- a meticulous analysis of historical archaeological descriptions and the
study of literary sources and some monuments by visual inspection and
characteristics of ancient settlements that we showed shows that in the
Middle Ages these settlements in all Central Asian states underwent a great
economic and social boom. However, over the centuries, they gradually fell
into decay due to various historical events and shocks, and reached us in the
form of barely preserved, swollen mounds, with barely guessed walls and
moats. Archaeologists have been excavating here for many years,
discovering artifacts and architectural buildings and complexes. However,
to save them in a demonstration form for the development of tourism,
especially foreign, at the moment there is practically no possibility;
- in Uzbekistan and other countries of Central Asia, where since ancient
times the main building materials were raw bricks and constructions from
pakhsa, a large number of ancient settlements reached us in the form of
swollen hills and barrows, where sometimes cultural layers are hidden at a
depth of more than 20 m. After archaeological excavations, such settlements
are again in the grip of changing climatic conditions, sometimes unfavorable
as the spring of 2019. In this regard, there is a need for constructive shelter
of such fortifications. This, in turn, opens up a large field of activity for
architects who, thanks to innovative projects and the flight of creative
thought, have the opportunity to create projects that are not alike. Such
architectural projects make it possible to increase interest in fortifications,
and the landscape created around the open-air museum of a certain
landscape design and the corresponding infrastructure for receiving
tourists, including foreign tourists, provide a large influx of tourists who can
not only contemplate the sweeping hills and barrows with chaotic
excavations for several hours or even without leaving the tourist bus, but
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stay for several days and even more, more fully studying the historical
heritage in comfortable conditions, to which are especially accustomed to
tourists from Europe;
- an analysis of the state of ancient fortifications shows that they all need
to be properly preserved and preserved, which can only be possible using
modern innovative methods, which include the creation of reserve
museums, designed to simultaneously ensure the preservation of what has
been discovered by archaeologists during many years of excavation and
which They will be attractive for visiting schoolchildren, students and
tourists, both domestic and foreign;
- creation of reserve museums with appropriate infrastructure on the
site of ancient fortifications will contribute to the influx of tourists, including
and foreign, which, ultimately, will allow such reserve museums to switch to
full self-financing, thereby freeing the country's budget from investments
and contributing to the economic stability of the reserve museum, as well as
represent a new form of museums, where there will be a symbiosis of
science and tourism.
Reference:
1. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
dated 16.10.2017, No. 831 on the establishment of a memorial complex for
the protection and study of the object of archeological heritage "Akhsikent"
in Turakurgan district of Namangan region. // National database of legal
documents, www.lex.uz, 17.10. 2017, 3 b.
2. Rakhimov K.D., Valiev S.R. Architectural project - Museum complex in
the open air (on the example of the ancient settlement Akhsikent).
Certificate of deposit of intellectual property in the state fundamental
library of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan (copyright),
Reg. No. 3236, date of dep. February 28, 2018 - 4 p.
3. Valiev S.R., Rakhimov K.D. Akhsikent is an open-air museum.
International pedagogical journal "Science of the 21st Century" // Sat.
articles, part 1, Krasnoyarsk, April, 2018, p. 77 - 78.
4. Maistrovskaya M. T. Museum as an object of culture. The art of the
exhibition ensemble. - Progress Tradition, 2016. - 672 p.
5. Anarbaev A.A. The history of the archaeological study of the cities of
Ferghana // Osh and Ferghana in a historical perspective. Issue 3, Bishkek,
2000, p. 71-75.
