№ 21 (2024) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

This article presents a comparative analysis of criminal-legal norms aimed at protecting the labor rights of minors and women. Labor rights protection legislation varies across different countries, and this article thoroughly analyzes the legal systems of Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, and Ukraine. It examines the mechanisms of holding individuals accountable for violations of labor rights related to minors, illegal dismissal of pregnant women, and parents with young children, which differ according to each country’s legal framework. The article provides a detailed overview of the legal foundations of these laws, punitive measures, and their significance in social protection. The analysis identifies similarities and differences in legal norms aimed at protecting labor rights in each country. It also reviews the mechanisms for implementing these laws, their application in judicial practice, and their role in the work of law enforcement agencies. In the conclusion, recommendations for improving labor legislation based on foreign experience are proposed, and the importance of these protection mechanisms is highlighted. This comparative analysis is intended to accelerate efforts to improve labor legislation and make use of advanced foreign practices in effectively safeguarding the labor rights of minors and women.

This article deals with the researches based on the study of the magic motifs that are implemented in the Uzbek legend “ Nine-headed dragon”. Through a systematic classification and comparative analysis, the study highlights how these cultural symbols encapsulate and convey the values, historical experiences, and societal norms of their respective cultures. It explores the representation of universal themes such as heroism, morality, and community through culturally specific lenses, revealing both unique perspectives and shared human concerns across cultural boundaries. The article underscores the importance of mythological studies in understanding cultural identities and fostering intercultural appreciation and dialogue.

The growing burden of chronic diseases is one of the biggest challenges of health systems worldwide in the 21st century. [1, 4, 8]. However, the greatest global concern is the rapid increase in the number of children and adolescents with chronic diseases. The increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases in children implies a subsequent increase in the prevalence rates of the corresponding diseases in adults [2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10].

This article explores the multifaceted concept of "beauty" in English and Uzbek, examining its cultural and linguistic manifestations. Through comparative analysis of lexical fields, semantic ranges, and idiomatic expressions related to beauty, the study reveals both similarities and significant differences in how the two languages conceptualize and express aesthetic appreciation. The research highlights the influence of cultural values and societal norms on the perception and description of beauty, demonstrating the inherent limitations of direct translation and the need for nuanced understanding in intercultural communication.

Maqolada energiya tejamkor texnologiyalarni o‘qitishda raqamli texnologiyalar va simulyatsiyalardan foydalanishning ahamiyati va samaradorligi tahlil qilingan. Raqamli texnologiyalar yordamida talabalar energiya tejamkorlikning amaliy jihatlarini o‘rganish, o‘z nazariy bilimlarini mustahkamlash imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ladilar. Shuningdek, simulyatsiya texnologiyalari yordamida real vaqt rejimida energiya sarfi, samaradorlik kabi parametrlarni kuzatish orqali talabalar ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash bo‘yicha chuqurroq bilimlarga ega bo‘lishadi. Tadqiqot natijalari raqamli texnologiyalar va simulyatsiyalarning ta'lim samaradorligini oshirishda muhim rol o‘ynashini ko‘rsatdi.

XV asrning yirik siymolaridan boʻlmish Xoja Ubaydulloh Shoshiy – Xoja Ahrori Vali naqshbandiya tariqatining koʻzga koʻringan murshidi boʻlish bilan birga oʻz zamonasidagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy, iqtisodiy va mafkuraviy hayotda katta iz qoldirgan arboblardandir.

The author suggests that the acquisition of the content of basic logical training in the process of studying mathematical disciplines is most effectively carried out in the process of solving logic-oriented problems, in which the main emphasis is placed on the logical component of the educational material of the initial course of mathematics. The article provides examples of some problems in the section "Mathematical concepts, propositions, proofs" and reveals the content of the corresponding work of students.

Yurtimiz hududiga islom dini kirib kelishi, nafaqat oʻzbek xalqining balki Oʻrta Osiyodagi boshqa xalqlarning ham urf-odatlari, turmish-tarzi va davlatchilik boshqaruviga oʻz taʼsirini oʻtkazmay qolmadi. Arablar istilosidan keyingi davrlarda tashkil topgan bir qancha davlatlar, masalan: Somoniylar, Qoraxoniylar, Gʻaznaviylar, Saljuqiylar, Xorazmshohlar, Temuriylar kabi davlatlarda islom dini xalqning kundalik hayotida, davlat boshqaruvi asoslarida ajralmas oʻrin egallab kelgan. Davlat amalida xizmat qiladigan deyarli barcha mansabdorlar islom dining qonun-qoidalari, farz amallari, Qur’oni karim oyatlari va hadis ilmidan puxta bohabar boʻlishlari shart boʻlgan.Musulman davlatlarda ayniqsa sud ishlari shariat qonun-qoidalariga asoslanganligi bois, sud ishlarini olib boruvchi Qozikalon, qozilar, muftiy va raislarning diniy bilimlari mustahkam boʻlishi muhim edi.

Ushbu maqolada ijtimoiy tarmoqdagi turli xil taxdidlar ,terrozizm va ektrorizm tashkilotlarning internet orqali inson ongiga o’rnashib olib manqurtlikga olib kelishi  kabilar haqida so’z boradi.