№ 20 (2025) Инновационные исследования в современном мире: теория и практика

Buyrak inson organizmidagi eng muhim va murakkab tuzilgan a’zolardan biridir. U nafaqat chiqindi mahsulotlarni tanadan chiqarib tashlash, balki suyuqliklar va elektrolitlar muvozanatini boshqarish, qon bosimini nazorat qilish, gormonlar ishlab chiqarish, kislota-ishqor muvozanatini saqlash kabi ko‘plab funksiyalarni bajaradi. Har bir insonda ikkita buyrak bo‘lib, ular orqa bel sohasida, umurtqa pog‘onasining ikki tomonida joylashgan.

Random number generation (RNG) plays a foundational role in security, cryptography, and system design. Operating systems today implement complex mechanisms for generating random numbers securely. This survey paper presents an overview of RNG techniques used in major operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. We examine entropy sources, deterministic random bit generators (DRBGs), system APIs, and quality testing mechanisms. The survey highlights key differences between OS-level RNG designs and emphasizes best practices, challenges, and potential vulnerabilities. This work aims to serve as a reference for students, developers, and security professionals seeking a comparative understanding of secure randomness in computing environments.

Jahonda ta’lim investitsiyasiga e’tibor kuchayib, texnika oliy o‘quv yurtlarida sifatli oliy texnik ta’limni takomillashtirish yuzasidan qator islohotlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Xorij tajribasiga nazar solsak, ta’lim sohasidagi islohotlar aynan texnika oliy o‘quv yurtlarining texnologik-pedagogik zamonaviy o‘quv materiallarini imitatsion-variativlik asosida amalga oshirish orqali sifatli ta’lim amaliyotini takomillashtirishga qaratilgan interventsion texnik ta’lim tadqiqotini taqdim etadi. Imitatsion-variativlik pedagogikasi asosan texnika oliy ta’lim sohasidagi bo‘lajak kadrlarni tayyorlash va ishlab chiqarishini rivojlantirish uchun matnlarning ichki tuzilishini tahlil qilishni o‘qitishdan iboratdir. Asosiy e’tibor texnik matnlarni pedagogik texnologiyalar yordamida tushunish hamda sinergetik, germenevtik va  praksiologik yondashuv orqali o‘quv materiallarini imitatsion-variativlik va vizual-amaliy yo‘nalganlik imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish vositasida talabalarning texnik oqilonalik orqali texnika tilini bilish, o‘quv materiallarini imitatsion-variativlik asosida o‘qitishni takomillashtirish texnologiyalarini mazmun mohiyati va texnika ta’limidagi ahamiyatini talabalar ongida shakllantirishga qaratilgan.

Мақолада Ўзбекистонда мустақиллик йилларида туризм соҳаси хусусан меҳмонхона хизмати бўйича кадрлар тайёрлаш тизимининг шаклланиши ва ривожаниши жараёнлари тенденцияси таҳлил қилинади.

Ushbu maqolada korpus lingvistikasi zamonaviy tilshunoslikdagi yangi va istiqbolli yo‘nalish sifatida yoritilgan. Korpuslar asosida til materiallarini empirik jihatdan tahlil qilish imkoniyati va dasturiy vositalarning roli ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.

Alisher Navoi’s unparalleled literary heritage continues to attract readers not only in his own time but also in the modern era. The images, symbols, and motifs depicted in his works play a significant role in illuminating humanity’s social and spiritual issues. Hydronyms – names of water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and springs – are frequently used in Navoi’s poetry. These serve not merely as geographical references but also stand out by carrying profound symbolic and philosophical meanings. This article analyzes the interpretation of hydronyms in Alisher Navoi’s works and examines their literary-spiritual significance. The discussion herein focuses on this particular subject.

Mazkur maqolada Abdulrazzoq Gurnahning “Paradise” (Jannat), “By the Sea” (Dengiz bo‘yida) romanlari ustida  tahlil amalga oshirilgan  bo’lib, maqolada asosiy e’tibor Gurnahning o’z qahramonlari orqali inson qalbidagi iztirob, yo‘qotish, o‘zlikni izlash kabi psixologik holatlarning badiiy ifodasi va ularning tahliliga  qaratilgan. Gurnah romanlari nafaqat adabiy, balki psixologik tahlil uchun ham muhim deb hisoblanadi. Gurnah asarlarining chuqur psixologik mazmuni zamonaviy adabiy jarayonlar bilan uyg‘unlashibgina qolmay, yangi avlod o‘quvchilari uchun dolzarb ruhiy savollarni ko‘taradi va shaxsiy va ijtimoiy kontekstlarni chuqur tushunishga yordam beradi. Bu asarlar, nafaqat post-kolonial jamiyatlardagi shaxsiy izlanishlar, balki butun dunyo bo‘ylab ruhiy holatlarning umumiy tasviri ekanligi maqolada tahlil qilingan.         

This scholarly thesis presents a comprehensive examination of the life and legacy of Shukur Kholmirzayev (1940-2005), one of Uzbekistan’s most influential literary figures. The study traces the author’s development from his rural beginnings in Kashkadarya to his recognition as a national literary icon, analyzing how his works captured the essence of Uzbek identity during periods of significant social transformation. The thesis employs a chronological framework to highlight Kholmirzayev’s literary evolution, beginning with his formative years and early influences from village life and oral traditions. It particularly emphasizes his education at the prestigious Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow, which shaped his unique narrative style that blended local themes with universal humanistic concerns.

Metaphor is not merely a literary embellishment but a crucial cognitive tool shaping human thought and communication. Traditionally regarded as a stylistic device, recent linguistic research has demonstrated its deeper conceptual significance. This article examines metaphor theory in Modern English and Uzbek, primarily referencing contributions from cognitive linguists such as Lakoff and Johnson, who argued that metaphor structures conceptual thought. A comparative analysis between English and Uzbek metaphorical expressions highlights their universal cognitive function, while additional insights reveal metaphor’s role in cultural identity, education, translation, and technological development. The study advances the discussion beyond conventional linguistic approaches, exploring metaphor’s interdisciplinary applications and cognitive impact.

In the field of education, it is widely recognized that individuals have diverse learning styles, and one prominent style is visual learning. Visual learners thrive when information is presented in a visual format, such as images, diagrams, and charts. When it comes to teaching English as a second language, incorporating visual elements into the instructional process can greatly enhance the learning experience for visual learners. This essay explores the benefits and strategies of working with visual learning styles in teaching English.

This article explores the fundamental role of grammar in effective communication. Grammar is presented not simply as a set of linguistic rules, but as a vital system that structures language, ensures clarity, and enhances mutual understanding. The paper examines how grammar contributes to both spoken and written communication, builds credibility, and supports language learning. Special attention is given to the use of grammar in different contexts, the challenges faced by language learners, and the way grammar functions as a bridge in multilingual communication. The article concludes that grammar is essential for expressing ideas clearly and confidently in both formal and informal settings.

Intellektual mulk huquqlari insonning ijodiy va aqliy faoliyat mahsulini himoya qilish uchun muhimdir. Ular iqtisodiy rivojlanishning asosiy omillaridan biri bo‘lib, innovatsiyalarni rag‘batlantiradi va ijodkorlarning huquqlarini ta’minlaydi. Biroq, intellektual mulk huquqida tovon undirish mexanizmlari ko‘pincha qonuniy, ma’muriy va iqtisodiy muammolarga duch keladi. O‘zbekistonda bu sohada davlat tomonidan tartibga solishning samaradorligini baholashda universallashgan usullar yo‘qligi va boshqaruvdagi cheklovlar seziladi.

Bugungi kunda yurtimizda iqtisodiyotimizni rivojlantirishga doir ko’plab keng ko’lamli ishlar olib borilyapti. ayniqsa tadbirkorlarni qo’llab quvvatlash, uni rivojlantirish, investitsiya muhitini yaxshilash borasida keng ko’lamli ishlar amalga oshirilyapti. Xususan, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2023-yil 11-sentabrdagi PF–158-sonli Farmoni bilan tasdiqlangan “O‘zbekiston – 2030” strategiyasi mamlakatni yangi taraqqiyot bosqichiga olib chiqish maqsadida ishlab chiqilgan bo‘lib, uning muhim qismini iqtisodiyotni barqaror rivojlantirish, investitsiyalarni jalb etish, innovatsion texnologiyalarni keng joriy qilish va yashil iqtisodiyot tamoyillarini mustahkamlash tashkil etadi

Ushbu maqola badiiy asarlarda ayol obrazini tasvirlash jarayonida frazeologik iboralardan foydalanishni tahlil qiladi. Maqolada frazeologizmlarning til va adabiyotdagi ahamiyati, ularning xalqning ma'naviyati va madaniyatini aks ettirishdagi roli ko‘rsatiladi. Ayol psixologiyasini o‘rganish, adabiy jarayon va ijtimoiy muhit bilan bog‘liq holda, ayol obrazining murakkabligi va ko‘p qirraliligi ta'kidlanadi. O‘zbek va ingliz adabiyotidagi ayol obrazlari misollar bilan yoritilib, yozuvchilarning frazeologizmlardan qanday qilib ijodiy maqsadlarda foydalanishi ko‘rsatiladi.

Discourse markers (DMs) are crucial elements in pragmatic linguistics, facilitating coherence, cohesion, and structuring spoken and written discourse. They function as cues for listeners and readers, guiding interpretation and discourse flow. This paper explores the role of discourse markers from a comparative perspective, analyzing their usage in English, Uzbek, and Russian. The study examines syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of DMs, shedding light on their influence in different linguistic contexts. The comparative analysis highlights both universal functions and language-specific characteristics, contributing to a broader understanding of cross-linguistic pragmatics. Additionally, this study explores the cognitive processing of discourse markers, their sociolinguistic implications, and their role in intercultural communication.