226
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages. 226 - 234
Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021.
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Condition and Dynamic of the Incidence Rate of Age-Related
Macular Degeneration in Republic of Uzbekistan
Yangiyeva N. P
1
., Rizayev J. A
2
.
1
Tashkent State Dental Institute, Department of Ophthalmology with a course of gynecology
2
Samarkand State Medical Institute, Republic of Uzbekistan, city of Samarkand
Address: Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Tashkent State Dental Institute; phone number (+99893)
1841200; Email: Yangiyeva.nodira.1968@gmail.com
Yangiyeva Nodira Rakhimova - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the
Department of "Ophthalmology with a course of gynecology" of the Tashkent State Dental Institute
Rizayev Zhasur Alimzhanovich - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Rector of the Samarkand
State Medical Institute
Annotation.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative, progressive disease of
the macular region of the retina, which is the leading cause of central vision loss in older people in
developed countries.
Purpose of the study
. to study the incidence rates of AMD in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the
context of regions.
Material and methods:
based on the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
data from the reporting documentation of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical
Center for Eye Microsurgery, a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of indicators of general and
primary morbidity of AMD for the period from 2010 to 2019 in the context of regions of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the city of Tashkent was carried out and statistical methods.
Research results.
Аnalysis of the overall morbidity showed that relative to 2010, the indicators
had some downward trend - in 2011 - 15.09, in 2012 - 14.73, but since 2013 they have been growing and
in 2019 increased by 7.25 per 100 thousand population relative to 2010 (from 16.30 to 23.55 per 100
thousand population). An analysis of the primary incidence of AMD indicates that the rates are steadily
growing from 3.60 in 2010 to 8.38 per 100 thousand population in 2019 (by 4.78).
Conclusions.
For the first time, the indicators of the incidence of AMD in the Republic of
Uzbekistan for a 10 year period are presented, which indicate a high level, in comparison with developed
countries, a growth trend and uneven numbers in the regions, which requires organizational and other
decisions.
Key words:
age-related macular degeneration, general morbidity, primary morbidity.
Relevance.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative, progressive disease of the macular
region of the retina, which is the leading cause of central vision loss in the elderly in developed countries [5,8]. In
the structure of low vision, AMD ranks second and, as a rule, is accompanied by bilateral lesions (both eyes are
affected in 60% of cases) [3,7]. According to the WHO, the prevalence of this pathology is 300 per 100 thousand
population, 25-30 million people in the world suffer from AMD. Over the age of 40, 25–40% of the population fall
ill [2,4,8]. Among people over 60 years old, this pathology is detected in 58% [5,6]. The problem of the
development of AMD is becoming more and more urgent due to the increase in elderly people among the
227
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages. 226 - 234
Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021.
http://annalsofrscb.ro
population, as well as due to the "rejuvenation" of the disease. In Russia, more than 100 thousand people are
diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration annually, of which 20% of patients progress to the “wet” (or
“neovascular”) form [1,3].
The economic consequences of the development of neovascular AMD are significant for patients, their
families and the healthcare system (reduced quality of life, loss of independence, disability). The assessment of
economic losses from disability of the population can be carried out by analyzing the indicators of morbidity and
disability in a given disease.
Unfortunately, in the available domestic literature there is not even mention of the prevalence (incidence)
and disability of AMD in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The absence of such indicators in publications shows an
insufficient and scientifically grounded approach to the organization of ophthalmological care for the population
for the prevention, early detection of AMD, as well as the provision of high-quality medical and diagnostic care for
patients with AMD.
Purpose of the study.
To study the indicators and dynamics of the incidence of AMD in the Republic of
Uzbekistan in the context of regions over a 10-year period
.
Materials and research methods.
Based on the data of the statistical department and statistical collections
of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, data from the reporting documentation of the Republican
Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery, we carried out a retrospective analysis of
the dynamics of indicators of the general and primary morbidity of AMD for the period from 2010 to 2019 in the
context of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the city By copying and statistical methods.
Results
analysis of the overall incidence showed that relative to 2010, the indicators had a slight
downward trend - in 2011 - 15.09, in 2012 - 14.73, but since 2013 they have been growing and in 2019
increased by 7.25 per 100 thousand population relative to 2010 (from 16.30 to 23.55 per 100 thousand
population) (Table 1, Figure 1).
It was revealed that the indicators of general morbidity are uneven in the territory of Uzbe kistan.
In 2010, based on the identified incidence, the leading regions were the Republic of
Karakalpakstan - 55.88, Samarkand - 38.83 and Fergana regions - 14.25 per 100 thousand of the adult
population.
High registration of confirmed cases of AMD in 2011 is noted in the Samarkand region - 37.94,
in the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 25.58 and in the city of Tashkent - 16.16 per 100 thousand of the
adult population.
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Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021.
http://annalsofrscb.ro
Table 1. Indicators of general morbidity in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period from 2010 to
2019. in the context of areas.
TOTAL AMD INCIDENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
(per 100 thousand population)
Of t
h
e ye
ar
Re
p
u
b
li
c of
Karakal
p
ak
st
an
And
ijan
re
gion
B
u
k
h
ar
a
re
gion
J
izz
ak
re
gion
Navoi r
egion
Nam
an
gan
re
gion
S
amar
k
an
d
re
gion
S
irdarya
re
gion
S
u
rk
h
a
n
d
ar
ya
re
gion
Kash
k
ad
ar
ya
re
gion
Fe
rgan
a
re
gion
Kh
or
ez
m
re
gion
T
ash
k
en
t
re
gion
T
ash
k
en
t c
ity
T
ot
al:
201
0
55,8
8
14,5
9
8,50
9,85
11,5
1
5,3
6
38,8
3
13,7
2
11,4
7 9,37
14,2
5
1,79
11,0
6
12,1
3
16,3
0
201
1
25,5
8
15,4
2
8,43
10,4
6 9,85
5,4
6
37,9
4
13,8
9
11,2
6 7,53
15,3
3
1,37
14,8
2
16,1
6
15,0
9
201
2
17,6
0
12,2
0
7,67
8,85
14,3
0
5,9
5
39,2
0
12,4
4
10,5
0
13,2
1
17,2
5
1,90
12,0
2
13,1
6
14,7
3
201
3
14,6
6
13,8
9
10,8
1
6,80
13,0
6
6,9
5
40,4
9
11,3
2 9,51
12,3
6
17,6
3
2,24
15,8
8
17,3
0
15,5
6
201
4
24,8
2
14,4
4
11,0
5
10,3
5
14,4
3
5,6
7
41,2
4
14,1
4 9,10 9,26
17,7
8
1,48
11,5
6
12,6
7
15,3
3
201
5
27,1
1
15,2
9
10,4
2
10,8
0
13,3
6
5,0
5
43,6
7
14,5
4 9,24 5,41
19,2
5
1,98
14,1
4
15,5
6
16,0
2
201
6
11,5
6
15,3
9
17,0
8
11,1
3
11,4
2
4,1
5
45,7
9
14,0
4 9,58
17,7
5
21,0
0
1,66
12,8
8
14,2
1
16,8
0
201
7
17,8
8
14,6
8
16,0
0
11,6
1 9,44
5,5
4
47,5
4
14,8
2
13,2
0 5,80
20,1
1
3,26
18,2
7
20,1
7
17,3
8
201
8
78,4
1
15,4
4
7,40
12,3
4 8,66
4,3
8
47,7
8
14,6
5
12,3
7
18,4
0
20,8
4
2,63
21,3
3
23,3
0
22,1
1
201
9
87,4
3
14,6
4
6,05
14,0
5 7,80
5,0
1
50,9
9
25,1
9
13,8
2
10,7
4
24,1
4
2,23
27,1
2
29,0
8
23,5
5
Figure 1. Indicators of general and primary incidence of age-related macular degeneration
in the Republic of Uzbekistan (per 100 thousand population).
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
16.30
15.09
14.73
15.56
15.33
16.02
16.80
17.38
22.11
23.55
3.60
3.47
3.30
4.62
3.69
4.30
5.54
5.16
6.82
8.38
Общая заболеваемость
Первичная заболеваемость
229
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages. 226 - 234
Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021.
http://annalsofrscb.ro
The registered cases of morbidity in 2012 show that the tendency of 2010 continues: Samarkand
region - 39.20, Republic of Karakalpakstan - 17.60, then Fergana region - 17.25 per 100 thousand of
the adult population.
In 2013, the overall incidence of AMD remains relatively at the same level, with a slight increase
in the incidence, the leading positions are the same regions: Samarkand region - 40.49, Fergana region
- 17.63, Tashkent city - 17.30 per 100 thousand adults population.
The two-year period of incidence of 2014-2015, retains a tendency to increase the incidence in
the same regions of the Republic, in the Samarkand region 41.24 - 43.67, the Republic of
Karakalpakstan - 24.82 - 27.11, in the Fergana region - 17.78 - 19.25 per 100 thousand of the adult
population.
Analysis of data for 2016 shows that the highest overall incidence of AMD is recorded in the
Samarkand region - 45.79, in the Fergana region - 21.00, in the Bukhara and Kashkadarya regions -
17.08 and 17.75, respectively, per 100 thousand of the adult population.
The highest registration for 2017 is noted in the Samarkand region - 47.54, in the Fergana region
- 20.11, in the city of Tashkent - 20.17 per 100 thousand of the adult population.
For 2018, the highest incidence is observed in the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 78.41, then in the
Samarkand region - 47.78, then in the city of Tashkent - 23.30 per 100 thousand of the adult
population.
In 2019, a record jump is observed - the peak registration in the Republic of Karakalpakstan is
87.43, in the Samarkand region - 50.99, in the city of Tashkent - 29.08 per 100 thousand of the adult
population.
The results show consistently high rates of general AMD morbidity, more than 14 per 100
thousand of the population in the Fergana region and more than 37 per 100 thousand of the population
in the Samarkand region, over a ten-year period. Very high in the Republic of Karakalpakstan,
especially in 2010 (55.88), in 2018 (78.41) and 2019 (87.43) per 100 thousand population.
According to the results of a retrospective analysis of statistical data, consistently low rates are
observed in the Khorezm region and do not exceed 3.26 per 100 thousand population (2017).
In addition to the overall incidence, we analyzed the primary incidence of AMD for the period
from 2010 to 2019 in the context of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the city of Tashkent.
The data indicate that the rates are growing steadily from 3.60 in 2010 to 8.38 per 100 thousand
population in 2019 (by 4.78) (Table 2, Figure 1).
230
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages. 226 - 234
Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021.
http://annalsofrscb.ro
Table 2. Indicators of primary incidence of age-related macular degeneration in the Republic of
Uzbekistan for the period from 2010 to 2019. in the context of areas.
PRIMARY INCIDENCE OF AMD IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
(per 100 thousand population)
Of t
h
e ye
ar
Re
p
u
b
li
c of
Karakal
p
ak
st
an
And
ijan
re
gion
B
u
k
h
ar
a
re
gion
J
izz
ak
re
gion
Navoi r
egion
Nam
an
gan
re
gion
S
amar
k
an
d
re
gion
S
irdarya
re
gion
S
u
rk
h
a
n
d
ar
ya
re
gion
Kash
k
ad
ar
ya
re
gion
Fe
rgan
a
re
gion
Kh
or
ez
m
re
gion
T
ash
k
en
t
re
gion
T
ash
k
en
t c
ity
T
ot
al:
201
0
9,44
4,1
2
2,05
2,33 8,45
1,9
5
3,8
8
2,9
4
0,5
8
2,1
0
4,26
1,28 4,25 4,65
3,6
0
201
1
2,74
4,8
3
1,66
2,49 7,33
1,4
3
4,1
0
3,1
6
0,7
4
3,6
0
4,58
0,69 4,88 5,31
3,4
7
201
2
5,14
2,9
5
2,87
1,60
12,7
1
1,6
5
3,8
5
2,5
7
0,8
1
0,4
7
5,03
0,98 4,38 4,81
3,3
0
201
3
4,50
4,3
5
2,25
1,33 9,79
2,1
1
5,3
5
2,9
3
0,5
8
0,7
4
5,29
1,09
10,7
6
11,7
0
4,6
2
201
4
3,69
4,6
0
1,76
2,53
10,7
6
1,8
8
5,5
7
2,7
5
1,4
7
1,7
6
5,34
0,71 4,40 4,85
3,6
9
201
5
2,27
4,8
6
2,63
2,88 2,41
1,2
9
5,7
2
3,8
6
0,4
7
1,2
2
5,75
1,11 9,72
10,7
1
4,3
0
201
6
4,13
4,7
1
3,20
2,51 4,42
1,0
4
5,2
2
3,2
9
1,4
9
6,5
1
9,33
0,97
10,8
4
11,9
9
5,5
4
201
7
1,27
6,0
4
5,48
3,00 2,55
1,5
5
4,7
6
3,1
1
0,9
7
1,4
9
8,81
2,14
11,4
5
12,6
2
5,1
6
201
8
6,47
4,9
8
3,33
1,86 1,55
1,2
8
5,1
4
2,7
9
1,2
5
7,6
4
9,74
1,81
17,0
0
18,5
8
6,8
2
201
9
27,3
3
4,9
9
2,79
3,11 1,85
1,0
2
5,3
2
6,6
3
1,1
7
3,1
7 10,10
1,85
21,5
6
23,1
3
8,3
8
It was revealed that the indicators of primary morbidity are uneven in the territory of Uzbekistan.
For 2010, the largest is registered in the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 9.44, then in the Navoi
region - 8.45, then in the city of Tashkent - 4.65, in the Fergana and Tashkent regions - 4.26 and 4.25,
respectively, and Andijan region - 4.12 per 100 thousand of the adult population.
In 2011, high rates are noted in the Navoi region - 7.33, then in the city of Tashkent - 5.31, then
in the Tashkent and Andijan regions - 4.88 and 4.83, respectively, in the Fergana region - 4.58 and
Samarkand region - 4.10 per 100 thousand of the adult population.
An analysis of indicators for 2012 showed that the highest figures were in the Navoi region -
12.71, then in the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 5.14, then in the Fergana region - 5.03 per 100
thousand population.
For 2013, the highest primary morbidity is recorded in the city of Tashkent - 11.70 and Tashkent
region - 10.76, then in Navoi region - 9.79, then in Samarkand and Fergana regions - 5.35 and 5.29,
231
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages. 226 - 234
Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021.
http://annalsofrscb.ro
respectively, per 100 thousand the adult population.
In 2014, in the Navoi region - 10.76, then in the Samarkand region - 5.57, then in the Fergana
region - 5.34, in the city of Tashkent - 4.85 and Andijan region - 4.60 per 100 thousand of the adult
population.
The indicators of 2015 indicate that the highest primary morbidity is recorded in the city of
Tashkent - 10.71, then in the Tashkent region - 9.72, then in the Fergana region - 5.75, in the
Samarkand region - 5.72 and in the Andijan region - 4. 86 per 100 thousand of the adult population.
For 2016, the largest is registered in the city of Tashkent - 11.99 and in the Tashkent region -
10.84, then in the Fergana region - 9.33, then in the Kashkadarya region - 6.51 per 100 thousand of the
adult population.
The indicators of 2017 made it possible to establish that the highest incidence is recorded in the
city of Tashkent - 12.62 and in the Tashkent region - 11.45, then in the Fergana region - 8.81, then in
the Andijan region - 6.04 per 100 thousand of the adult population.
For 2018 - in the city of Tashkent - 18.58 and in the Tashkent region - 17.00, then in the Fergana
region - 9.74, then in the Kashkadarya region - 7.64 per 100 thousand of the adult population.
The data for 2019 indicate a record high registration of primary morbidity in the Republic of
Karakalpakstan - 27.33, in the city of Tashkent - 23.13 and in the Tashkent region - 21.56, then in the
Fergana region - 10.10 per 100 thousand of the adult population.
The results show consistently high rates of primary morbidity of AMD, more than 10 per 100
thousand of the population in the city of Tashkent, more than 4 in Andijan, Fergana and Samarkand
regions, over a ten-year period. Very high in the city of Tashkent and the Tashkent region, especially in
2018 (18.58 and 17.00) and 2019 (23.13 and 21.56), as well as in the Republic of Karakalpakstan in
2019 - 27.33 per 100 thousand population ...
Stably low rates are observed in the Khorezm region and do not exceed 2.14 (2017), also in the
Surkhandarya region - do not exceed 1.49 per 100 thousand population (2016).
In the city of Tashkent, the overall incidence increased from 12.13 in 2010 to 29.08 in 2019 (by
16.95) per 100 thousand population. Special growth begins in 2016. The primary incidence is also
growing: from 4.65 in 2010 to 23.13 in 2019 (by 18.48) per 100 thousand population, which indicates a
significant increase in the primary incidence. Perhaps this is due to the increase in the number of
specialized private clinics with modern equipment in the city of Tashkent and with a good detectability
of AMD (Figure 2).
232
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages. 226 - 234
Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021.
http://annalsofrscb.ro
Figure 2. Indicators of general and primary morbidity in the city of Tashkent for the period
from 2010 to 2019.
Conclusions:
1. For the first time, an analysis of statistical data and dynamics of the incidence of AMD in the
Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2010-2019 was carried out, which showed that for 2019 the total
incidence is 23.55, and the primary incidence is 8.38 per 100 thousand of the adult population. In
comparison with the literature data, these indicators are quite high.
2. Indicators of general and primary morbidity in the regions of the republic indicate an upward
trend and vary significantly, which requires further study of the reasons for such a difference by
conducting large, regional, properly organized epidemiological population studies.
3. This circumstance necessitates the improvement of measures to provide medical care to the
population with AMD.
4. The information obtained during the research can be used for the rational organization of high -
quality medical care for the population.
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233
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Received 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021.
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