№ 7 (2025) International Journal of Artificial Intelligence

Статьи

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  PRОPER NАMES АS VERBS: А REFLEСTIОN ОF СULTURE АND SОСIETY This study examines the linguistic and cultural significance of proper names, their functions, and their influence on language and society. Scholars such as Vilkuna, Binyong, and Boldyrev have explored the interaction between literary and real-world naming conventions, the gender specificity of names, and the role of proper names as identification markers. The research also highlights the complexities of translating proper names and their cultural specificity, as discussed by Cameron and Nord. Additionally, the paper investigates the institutionalization of verbs derived from proper names, reflecting linguistic evolution and cultural impact. The findings reveal how names not only serve as unique identifiers but also carry historical, cultural, and linguistic significance across different societies.

  Шакхноза Аллаёрова , Рукхшона Нумонова

  767-769

    

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  METHODOLOGY OF SOLVING OLYMPIAD PROBLEMS USING INTEGRAL TECHNIQUES This article presents a detailed analysis of two advanced problems located at the intersection of mathematical analysis and linear algebra. The first problem,demonstrates the integration of a logarithmic function with a rational expression, solved using series expansion techniques. The second problem involves the integration of a matrix-valued cosine function under the Gaussian kernel, offering an approach to operator-valued functions and matrix analysis. Both problems are designed to enhance students’ theoretical knowledge, logical reasoning, and familiarity with competition-level mathematical problem-solving. The article serves as a methodological guide for gifted learners aiming to deepen their understanding of advanced mathematical concepts.

  мухриддин Кобилжонов

  3-7

    

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  GENDER ASYMMETRY IN COLOR SYMBOLISM IN RUSSIAN FOLK TALES Russian folk tales are rich in symbolic imagery, where color often functions as a key code that shapes the audience’s understanding of characters, events, and moral lessons. In traditional oral storytelling, color descriptors are rarely ornamental; rather, they serve as condensed symbols of broader cultural meanings. Through repeated use, certain colors become associated with particular moral, social, or cosmic concepts, and these associations often intersect with gender representation. In Russian folk narratives, male and female characters are frequently depicted with distinct color schemes, and these color choices are rarely accidental.

  Азиза Зиёдуллаева

  8-11

    

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  ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS, AND PROPOSALS IN THE DESIGN OF WORM GEARS This article highlights the importance of analyzing the problems encountered in the design of worm gears and proposing appropriate solutions to improve the reliability of manufactured machines. It also emphasizes the significance of developing highly effective proposals based on innovative approaches to ensure the production of high-quality and reliable machines

  Бахромали Каримов

  12-17

    

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  MILITARY AND POLITICAL STRUGGLE IN THE CAUCASUS-CASPIAN REGION FOR CONTROL OVER ONE OF THE MAIN BRANCHES OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD – THE CASPIAN ROUTE (III-XV CENTURIES) The article reveals the content of the ever-increasing role of the Caucasus-Caspian region in global geopolitical and geoeconomic processes in the Middle Ages. It provides a detailed study of the military and political events occurring during this period and reveals the struggle of the main rival forces to establish their control over the main trade routes stretching from Europe and China, India and Central Asia. In this connection, the extremely important military-strategic and economic significance of one of the main branches of the Great Silk Road is demonstrated – the famous Caspian Route, which ran along the western coast of the Caspian Sea, which became famous back in ancient times. The aim of the study is to analyze the military-political processes occurring in the region in the Middle Ages and to reveal the military events that took place from the 3rd century to the end of the 14th century in the region, which was subjected to spontaneous geo-ethnopolitical pressure from successive military-political forces. In the course of studying this problem, the main responsibilities were to highlight the great migrations of peoples, as well as the invasions of the Arabs, Rus, Seljuks, Mongols, Golden Horde and Timurids, which coincided with the directions of the main world trade routes, including the Caspian, and constituted one of their main strategic goals. In the article, historical-chronological and comparative research methods were used to reveal the problem. In the final part of the article, it is noted that the Middle Ages marked the intensification of military and political rivalry in the Caucasus-Caspian region for control over the Caspian route. Beginning in the 10th century, the first signs of a renewed desire of non-Caspian states to penetrate and strengthen their positions in this region by one means or another were observed. With the emergence of the powerful Ottoman Empire and the strong Azerbaijani states of Ak Koyunlu from the middle of the 15th century, and then from the beginning of the 16th century, – The Safavid state, the Caucasus-Caspian region becomes one of the key elements in the relations between Asia and Europe, which during this period acquired the character of a military-political confrontation.

  Нурулла Алиев, Xажар Xусейнова

  18-30

    

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  AZERBAIJAN IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE: REGIONAL POWER AND GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGIES This article analyzes Azerbaijan's position as a regional power and its geopolitical strategies in the post-Soviet space. Azerbaijan's strategic location, rich energy resources, and developing transit infrastructure are identified as key factors enhancing its regional influence. The country's multi-vector foreign policy—particularly its balanced relations with Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Western states—is examined as a critical element in strengthening its regional standing. Complex regional conflicts, especially the Karabakh conflict, are highlighted for their role in shaping Azerbaijan’s security and diplomatic strategies. The article thoroughly assesses the political, humanitarian, and security impacts of the Karabakh conflict and emphasizes the significance of new geopolitical realities that emerged after the Second Karabakh War in 2020, such as the opening of the Zangezur Corridor as a strategic transit route. It also addresses the challenges and risks Azerbaijan faces in asserting itself as a regional power. The study underlines the importance of pursuing multi-dimensional diplomacy, a balanced foreign policy, economic diversification, innovation, and social development. Recommendations include deepening regional integration, modernizing energy and transport sectors, resolving conflicts peacefully, and expanding security cooperation. This article offers valuable academic and practical insights into Azerbaijan’s evolving role in the dynamic geopolitical landscape of the post-Soviet region.

  Гульгун Гульиева

  31-42

    

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  EFFECTIVE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE IN REGIONS This article presents the issues of the necessity, importance, specific features and effective use of artificial intelligence technologies in the formation of innovative infrastructures in regions. It also substantiates the possibility of applying proposals and recommendations on the effective use of artificial intelligence technologies in the formation of innovative infrastructures in regions.

  Лобар Салаева

  43-45

    

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  IMPROVING THE PRODUCT POLICY OF DOMESTIC INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES The article covers the importance of commodity policy and assortment in domestic industrial enterprises, the role of identifying low-profit goods in the assortment and optimizing production costs by improving commodity policy.

  Мамлакат Базарова

  46-49

    

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  ISSUES OF THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF A GREEN ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN This article analyzes the processes of formation of the green economy concept in Uzbekistan, its scientific and theoretical foundations, and directions of practical implementation. The main principles of the green economy are the rational use of natural resources, ensuring environmental sustainability, increasing social well-being, and stimulating economic growth. The article also separately examines the factors driving the development of a green economy on a global scale, including climate change, resource constraints, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

  К Жумаева

  50-54

    

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  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MARKETING: 5 KEY PRINCIPLES In the article, sustainable development marketing is not only vital, but also necessary and is the only way forward. research

  Мамлакат Базарова

  55-57

    

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  INNOVATIVE PROJECTS IN IMPROVING THE MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES This article analyzes the role and importance of innovative projects in improving the marketing activities of industrial enterprises. The impact of modern marketing strategies, digital technologies, artificial intelligence, Big Data, blockchain, and other innovative approaches on industrial enterprises will be studied. Methods for increasing competitiveness and establishing effective communication with clients through the implementation of innovative projects are also highlighted.

  Мамлакат Базарова

  58-60

    

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  THE REFLECTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE PROVERBS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES This article explores the reflection of national identity in the proverbs of English and Uzbek languages, focusing on their cultural, social, and historical dimensions. Proverbs, as concise expressions of collective wisdom, embody the worldview, traditions, and values of a nation. Through a comparative analysis, the study highlights how English proverbs often emphasize practicality, individualism, and rationality, whereas Uzbek proverbs frequently reflect collectivism, respect for elders, and the significance of family and hospitality. By examining thematic categories such as nature, morality, social relations, and work ethic, the article demonstrates that proverbs serve not only as linguistic units but also as cultural markers that preserve and transmit national identity across generations. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of paremiology and the role of proverbs in shaping and maintaining national consciousness.

  Зиёдахон Кодирова

  61-63

    

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  CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HEPATITIS B AND D COINFECTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains one of the major causes of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) in individuals already infected with HBV leads to coinfection or superinfection, which significantly worsens the clinical outcome. This study reviews clinical and microbiological characteristics of HBV/HDV coinfection with a focus on available epidemiological data from Uzbekistan. The aim is to highlight virological interactions, disease progression, and implications for diagnosis and prevention.

  Хуснижахон Назирова

  64-66

    

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  READING CULTURE IS THE BASIS OF LIBRARIAN ACTIVITY This article provides information about book reading, as well as the fact that a person can deeply understand his thinking, expand his knowledge, and gain a deeper understanding of the worldview. A person can read books using various sources throughout his life, enjoy the best works of our national literature and world literature, and increase the interest of today's youth in reading books.

  Малика Матмурадова

  67-70

    

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  KHORAZM LITERARY REFERENCE SOURCES This article provides information on the creation of literary reference publications about the Khorezm oasis, an analysis of the poets of the past who lived and worked in Khorezm and their work, the formation of the literary life of the oasis, its specific development directions, the worthy place of Khorezm poets and writers in the development of Uzbek literature, the importance of the works they created, the emergence of a number of enlightened poets in literature, the glorification of science and enlightenment in their works, the glorification of goodness and friendship in their works.

  Малика Матмурадова

  71-73

    

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  PRAGMATIC TRANSPOSITION IN LITERARY TRANSLATION Pragmatic transposition in literary translation refers to taking into account the pragmatic aspects of language during the translation process. The translator must consider the text not only from grammatical and lexical perspectives but also its context, cultural characteristics, and the author’s intentions. This process helps accurately convey the original meaning and spirit of the work, providing the reader with an opportunity to understand another culture.

  Ма’мурахон То’лкинова

  74-77

    

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  DEVELOPING CREATIVE ABILITIES IN SCHOOLCHILDREN: PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS This article analyzes the pedagogical foundations and methodological approaches of developing creative abilities in schoolchildren, as well as the role of the teacher in this regard. Effective methods for promoting creative thinking, forming independent thinking in learners, and revealing personal interests and talents are highlighted. The article focuses on current aspects of developing creativity in modern educational processes.

  Гульрух Остонова

  78-80

    

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  VIOLATION OF THE INVIOLABILITY OF PERSONAL DATA IN THE DIGITAL WORLD: A NEW TYPE OF MODERN CRIME This article examines the concept of personal data and the types of crimes committed during their use or those that may be committed in the future. In particular, cases of committing crimes using the capabilities of artificial intelligence, which is forming as a product of the digital age, and their consequences are analyzed. Liability measures established by current legislation for such offenses will also be considered.

  Беназир Караманова , Гульнур Кожабаева

  81-84

    

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  FORMATION OF SPEECH COMMUNICATION IN CHILDREN WITH NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHILDREN WITH SEVERE FORMS OF MENTAL RETARDATION This article deals with the study and analysis of foreign literature on the issues of formation of speech communication in children with normal development and severe forms of mental retardation, as well as the formation of speech communication in severe forms of mental retardation, communication in Uzbek children. the development of skills is expressed.

  Содир Юлдашев

  85-91

    

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  AZERBAIJAN IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE: REGIONAL POWER AND GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGIES This article analyzes Azerbaijan's position as a regional power and its geopolitical strategies in the post-Soviet space. Azerbaijan's strategic location, rich energy resources, and developing transit infrastructure are identified as key factors enhancing its regional influence. The country's multi-vector foreign policy—particularly its balanced relations with Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Western states—is examined as a critical element in strengthening its regional standing. Complex regional conflicts, especially the Karabakh conflict, are highlighted for their role in shaping Azerbaijan’s security and diplomatic strategies. The article thoroughly assesses the political, humanitarian, and security impacts of the Karabakh conflict and emphasizes the significance of new geopolitical realities that emerged after the Second Karabakh War in 2020, such as the opening of the Zangezur Corridor as a strategic transit route. It also addresses the challenges and risks Azerbaijan faces in asserting itself as a regional power. The study underlines the importance of pursuing multi-dimensional diplomacy, a balanced foreign policy, economic diversification, innovation, and social development. Recommendations include deepening regional integration, modernizing energy and transport sectors, resolving conflicts peacefully, and expanding security cooperation. This article offers valuable academic and practical insights into Azerbaijan’s evolving role in the dynamic geopolitical landscape of the post-Soviet region.

  Гульгун Гульиева

  92-103

    

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  MILITARY AND POLITICAL STRUGGLE IN THE CAUCASUS-CASPIAN REGION FOR CONTROL OVER ONE OF THE MAIN BRANCHES OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD – THE CASPIAN ROUTE (III-XV CENTURIES) The article reveals the content of the ever-increasing role of the Caucasus-Caspian region in global geopolitical and geoeconomic processes in the Middle Ages. It provides a detailed study of the military and political events occurring during this period and reveals the struggle of the main rival forces to establish their control over the main trade routes stretching from Europe and China, India and Central Asia. In this connection, the extremely important military-strategic and economic significance of one of the main branches of the Great Silk Road is demonstrated – the famous Caspian Route, which ran along the western coast of the Caspian Sea, which became famous back in ancient times. The aim of the study is to analyze the military-political processes occurring in the region in the Middle Ages and to reveal the military events that took place from the 3rd century to the end of the 14th century in the region, which was subjected to spontaneous geo-ethnopolitical pressure from successive military-political forces. In the course of studying this problem, the main responsibilities were to highlight the great migrations of peoples, as well as the invasions of the Arabs, Rus, Seljuks, Mongols, Golden Horde and Timurids, which coincided with the directions of the main world trade routes, including the Caspian, and constituted one of their main strategic goals. In the article, historical-chronological and comparative research methods were used to reveal the problem. In the final part of the article, it is noted that the Middle Ages marked the intensification of military and political rivalry in the Caucasus-Caspian region for control over the Caspian route. Beginning in the 10th century, the first signs of a renewed desire of non-Caspian states to penetrate and strengthen their positions in this region by one means or another were observed. With the emergence of the powerful Ottoman Empire and the strong Azerbaijani states of Ak Koyunlu from the middle of the 15th century, and then from the beginning of the 16th century, – The Safavid state, the Caucasus-Caspian region becomes one of the key elements in the relations between Asia and Europe, which during this period acquired the character of a military-political confrontation.

  Нурулла Алиев, Xажар Xусейнова

  104-116

    

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  LEXICAL-SEMANTIC, STYLISTIC AND METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PROVERBS RELATED TO LANGUAGE AND SPEECH ACTIVITY This article analyzes proverbs and sayings related to language and speech activity, focusing on their lexical-semantic, stylistic, and methodological features. Based on the author’s personal observations, reflections, and practical examples, the role of proverbs in today’s linguistic process is highlighted. Furthermore, their significance in shaping speech culture and their application in education are also discussed.

  Дилором Турсунова

  117-119

    

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  MILITARY AND POLITICAL STRUGGLE IN THE CAUCASUS-CASPIAN REGION FOR CONTROL OVER ONE OF THE MAIN BRANCHES OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD – THE CASPIAN ROUTE (III-XV CENTURIES) The article reveals the content of the ever-increasing role of the Caucasus-Caspian region in global geopolitical and geoeconomic processes in the Middle Ages. It provides a detailed study of the military and political events occurring during this period and reveals the struggle of the main rival forces to establish their control over the main trade routes stretching from Europe and China, India and Central Asia. In this connection, the extremely important military-strategic and economic significance of one of the main branches of the Great Silk Road is demonstrated – the famous Caspian Route, which ran along the western coast of the Caspian Sea, which became famous back in ancient times. The aim of the study is to analyze the military-political processes occurring in the region in the Middle Ages and to reveal the military events that took place from the 3rd century to the end of the 14th century in the region, which was subjected to spontaneous geo-ethnopolitical pressure from successive military-political forces. In the course of studying this problem, the main responsibilities were to highlight the great migrations of peoples, as well as the invasions of the Arabs, Rus, Seljuks, Mongols, Golden Horde and Timurids, which coincided with the directions of the main world trade routes, including the Caspian, and constituted one of their main strategic goals. In the article, historical-chronological and comparative research methods were used to reveal the problem. In the final part of the article, it is noted that the Middle Ages marked the intensification of military and political rivalry in the Caucasus-Caspian region for control over the Caspian route. Beginning in the 10th century, the first signs of a renewed desire of non-Caspian states to penetrate and strengthen their positions in this region by one means or another were observed. With the emergence of the powerful Ottoman Empire and the strong Azerbaijani states of Ak Koyunlu from the middle of the 15th century, and then from the beginning of the 16th century, – The Safavid state, the Caucasus-Caspian region becomes one of the key elements in the relations between Asia and Europe, which during this period acquired the character of a military-political confrontation.

  Xажар Xусейнова, Нурулла Алиев

  120-133

    

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  “Measuring the Efficiency of Digitalization in Banking Services: Theoretical and Practical Approaches” The digital transformation of banking services has become a central driver of efficiency, competitiveness, and customer satisfaction in the financial sector. This article examines both theoretical and practical approaches to measuring the efficiency of digitalization in banking. Theoretically, efficiency is evaluated through financial indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and the Cost-to-Income Ratio, as well as non-financial metrics including customer satisfaction, transaction speed, and digital adoption rates. Practically, the study analyzes data from selected banks in Uzbekistan and international benchmarks, focusing on indicators such as the growth of digital banking users, profitability dynamics, and operational cost reduction. The findings reveal that digitalization projects not only enhance service delivery but also improve overall financial stability and competitiveness of banks. Graphical and tabular analyses are employed to illustrate trends in user adoption, profitability, and comparative international experiences. The study concludes by highlighting key methodological implications for policymakers and banking practitioners, offering a framework for assessing efficiency in the era of digital transformation.

  Нилуфар Давлетова

  134-141

    

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  Some Remarks on the Use of Parenthetical Insertions in the Works of Erkin A’zam This article examines the stylistic and functional use of parenthetical insertions (kiritmalar) in the works of the contemporary Uzbek writer Erkin A’zam. Insertions are studied as independent linguistic units that enrich the narrative by adding explanatory detail, irony, and authorial commentary. By analyzing selected passages from A’zam’s prose, the paper reveals how insertions contribute to characterization, narrative dynamics, and implicit meaning. Comparative references are also made to other Uzbek prose writers to demonstrate the uniqueness of A’zam’s style.

  Наимахон Абдусаматова

  142-144

    

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