Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
17
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
17-23
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article discusses such substandard forms of language existence as jargons, professionalisms and professional
jargons, which are not sufficiently studied in the aspect of theoretical and practical terminology studies. The
quantitative distribution of professional jargons extracts is presented in the sphere of English-language art criticism
discourse on thematic groups by the types of nomination; and the models of metaphorical transfer are developed.
KEYWORDS
Professional sublanguages; professional jargons; jargons; forms of language existence; substandard vocabulary.
INTRODUCTION
In every geographical region, in every stratum of the
population, in every social group within the same
country, there are different ontological and functional
forms of the same language. Such shaping within one
language system occurs depending on various
conventions or territorial affiliation of a particular
linguocultural community, which is reflected in
phonetic changes and in the stratification of the lexical
layer of the national language. In this case, the
statement of scientists is noteworthy that the word
and speech are an indicator of the general culture of a
person, his intellect.
Various authors distinguish the main and secondary
forms of the existence of the language. This division
occurs due to the functional features of the language
layers. Here it is advisable to take into account the idea
of V.P.Korovushkin that within the same language
community there may be significant differences
Research Article
LINGUISTIC STATUS OF PROFESSIONAL JARGONISMS
Submission Date:
March 21, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 26, 2023,
Published Date:
March 31, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue03-05
Norova Mavluda Fayzulloyevna
Associate Professor, Doctor Of Philosophy In Philology In The Department Of English Language At The Faculty
Of International Students Of Bukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali Ibn Sino In Bukhara City In
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
18
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
17-23
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
between speakers of the same language, due to both
physiological and social reasons. The most significant
linguistic differences within the same collective are
caused
by
differences
in
the
intensity
of
communication of its members. These differences can
be territorial-geographical and social, which leads to a
corresponding
differentiation
of
linguistic
communities into more specific linguistic subgroups [3,
5]. The unification of any societies into one language
group through the national language, the language of
one people, which includes both colloquial speech and
various territorial dialects, forms the main form of
existence of the language [1; 2; 4; 6; 8].
Such varieties of the national language as professional
sublanguages, professional jargons, youth and other
jargons, slang, vulgarisms, low colloquialisms, slang,
kent, mainly consisting of substandard vocabulary,
belong to secondary forms of the existence of the
language and, in contrast to the main forms of the
existence of the language, perform the function of
dividing people into social groups depending on their
professional and age characteristics, thereby serving
much smaller linguistic communities [5, 9]. Low
colloquialisms and vulgarisms, as V.A.Khomyakov
rightly notes, are opposite in the composition of
reduced vocabulary. In his opinion, there is difficulty in
determining whether a word or phrase belongs to low
colloquialisms, and, conversely, it is easy to recognize
vulgarisms that make up the area of linguistic taboo.
Slang has a more complex structure and functions in
colloquial speech in the form of microsystems of
general and special slang, while jargon and kent have a
pronounced esotericism [7, 4].
The lexicon of kent in R.Copland's pamphlet contains
at least 30 kentisms, which, however, have not
received any lexicographic processing, with the
exception of their “translations” into literary English,
proposed by the author, as well as rare indications of
the carriers of these kentisms. The list of units of the
ancient kent by J.Audley includes about 50 kenticisms,
the description of which is often presented by the
author in a form approaching the structural
organization of a stereotypical glossary containing
vocabularies and definitions [6, 3].
From this it can be seen that the secondary forms of
the existence of a language provide communication
participants connected by some common situational
interests and using in a narrow circle “codified” for one
reason or another, the subsystems of one national
language, with a system of codes understandable only
to them. And in a situation of communication in which
the use of such codes is impossible, the participants in
codified communication use a common national
language, that is, the main form of existence of the
language. In this regard, it is necessary to mention one
more feature of the secondary language subsystem -
the “functional
complementarity of secondary
language subsystems in relation to the main ones”,
that is, the difference between secondary forms of
existence from the main ones, which manifests itself in
the relationship of functional complementarity of the
first to the second [8, 4]. Thus, these forms of language
existence complement each other depending on the
participants and the situation of communication.
According to the forms of existence of the language,
scientists quite rightly distinguish the following
characteristics:
1) the material community of the “source material”, i.e.
sound structure, grammatical structure (morphology,
syntax) and a significant share of the dictionary, which
ensures understanding in communication between
representatives of different social strata of one people;
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VOLUME
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
2) a certain systemic and independent structure of
each of the forms of existence of a language or each
group of adjacent forms (for example, all territorial
dialects);
3) discrepancy, even a fundamental division of the
functional areas of their use;
4) the difference in the level of perfection, in
communication
capabilities,
caused
by
their
predominant use in areas of communication of
different complexity [1, 4; 3, 2].
Let's consider various definitions of such minor forms
of language existence as jargons, professional and
group jargons offered by a number of scientists. We
consider it rational to study precisely these minimal
subsystems of the language, since, in our opinion, they
have not been sufficiently studied in the aspect of
theoretical and practical terminology. Thus, we will try
to give our own definitions to these concepts, as well
as present characteristics that indicate their
correlation with purely terminological vocabulary.
Such a distinction, in our opinion, is necessary in order
to have an accurate idea of the situations in which
professional communication these linguistic layers are
applicable.
Jargon is interpreted as a social variety of speech,
which, unlike the common language, is characterized
by specific (often expressively rethought) vocabulary
and phraseology, as well as special use of word-
formation means. Jargon marks the social and
professional affiliation of groups of people with
common interests, habits, occupations, social status,
etc. (for example, the jargon of sailors, pilots, athletes,
musicians, students, actors) [7; 9; 2].
Slang vocabulary is expressively colored words that
denote well-known concepts in a narrow, socially
limited circle of people. Jargon is everyday vocabulary
and phraseology, endowed with reduced expression
and characterized by socially limited use [8].
Group (corporate) jargons are usually understood as
language formations based on the social isolation of
people engaged in a particular activity, having
prolonged contact, often feeling themselves to some
extent separated from the rest of society. These are
the jargons of students, military personnel, athletes [5,
7; 3, 4]. They arise not because of a business need, as
happens with professional languages, and not because
of the need to
make one’s speech inaccessible, which
is typical for conventional languages and declassed
jargons, but because of the desire for expression, play
on words [7, 2].
We agree with the opinion of L.P. Krysin, according to
which the difference between group jargons and
professional languages is that the lexical elements of
jargon subsystems, in contrast to the terms
characteristic of professional languages, name
processes and phenomena that already have regular
and stable designations in the literary language [6, 10].
So, for example, an artist who has poor mastery of his
skill can be bad/incompetent artist - yomon,
qobiliyatsiz rassom, but more precisely, the meaning is
conveyed through the slang dauber - yomon rassom [4;
8]. This jargon comes from the word (to) daub with the
meaning «dog', bulg'anish”, that is, dauber is an artist
who fails to achieve integrity in his picture, and his
work gives the impression of an incomprehensible and
careless daub. This jargon more accurately conveys the
meaning of why the artist is considered bad (he
unsuccessfully smears paint, not achieving a coherent
and understandable image in his picture), and the term
bad / incompetent artist does not convey the essence
of why the artist is considered bad. As a result, we can
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
20
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
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03
Pages:
17-23
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
say that dauber jargon is semantically much more
transparent.
Many researchers, characterizing the linguistic essence
of group jargons, define it as a game with a word,
language fun based on the metaphorization of verbal
meanings and aimed at creating expressive,
emotionally colored expressive means that serve to
enliven, give figurative speech (as opposed to, for
example, conditional languages that performed a
conspiratorial function) [3; 10; 4].
When considering various interpretations of jargon, it
is believed that this concept occupies a rather
significant place in the speech of modern society. The
reasons for using slang vocabulary can be different,
let's try to present our vision of the use of this
vocabulary.
We believe that jargon can perform the following
functions:
1) provide an expressive coloring of the description of
an event, which affects the emotional perception of
the listener;
2) to change the attitude of the society to any language
prohibitions, naming the usual concepts by other,
more catchy and semantically transparent nominations
or vice versa;
3) be used to “relieve tension”, “defuse the situation”,
in order to make communication less official;
4) indicate the non-acceptance of the jargon-bearer of
the surrounding linguistic or social environment;
5) simplify the names of any concepts.
Therefore, it should be noted that slang vocabulary can
be used in literary and business language in a limited
number of cases - for the emotional coloring of a
statement, most often negative, or in order to make it
easier to name concepts.
In other cases, slang words are outside the literary
language. Their use makes speech rude, careless,
obscene in many respects, therefore they are
unacceptable in speech, however, they can be
introduced into communication for a specific purpose,
for example, as expressive means for the
sociolinguistic characterization of characters -
representatives of a certain social group. If you have to
communicate in a highly professional environment,
then you can freely use the special words and even
jargon adopted there. But the use of jargons requires
caution, careful selection and appropriateness of their
use in each specific case.
As already mentioned, jargon can also be used in the
professional activities of human society; in this case
they bear the name of professional jargon.
Professional jargon is a special language environment,
limited by the scope of any profession and located at
the intersection of terminological vocabulary and
general literary vernacular. Proceeding from this,
professional vernacular opposes, on the one hand,
terminological vocabulary, and on the other hand,
general literary vernacular [7; 4].
Professional jargons are microsystems of vernacular
with professionally limited vocabulary, playfully-ironic
expression, which have the main communicative
function, used by various socio-professional groups in
a professional communication environment [10, 5].
Summarizing the above, we can formulate the
following conclusions. Professionalisms are lexical
layers of specialized sublanguages that are used for the
informal nomination of any special concepts
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associated with a certain professional activity,
understandable to the participants in communication,
namely professionals, and give emotional coloring to
communication.
Jargonisms are a small linguistic subsystem that can be
used to give oral speech an informal character with the
intentional use of vocabulary not accepted in literary
speech to convey the attitude (most often negative) of
the speaker to the called concept or to the sphere and
situation of communication in general, as well as for
speech “correspondence” of the speaker to other
participants in communication.
Professional jargon, in turn, is used both to convey a
negative attitude towards something, and in order to
somewhat “facilitate” the memorization of a special
concept based on association, since the patterns of
“slang” nomination are much more transparent
and
easier to trace, than the principles of terminological
nomination. This type of vocabulary is also used in oral
speech and is a kind of professionalism.
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