№ 4 (2025) Journal of Applied Science and Social Science

This article describes the brief life and activities of great warlord Amir Timur, his bravery in front of people, his loyalty and boundless love for the homeland and his people, his military activities, management system.

This article provides a brief analysis of the emergence, development, and improvement of management, including troop management. It demonstrates the dependence of troop management development on the advancement of technical management tools and the composition of troops. The article presents ways to improve the troop management system as human society evolves, troop composition changes, and technical means of troop management advance.

The article explores the features of the application of Amir Temur's army, focusing on the expedient organization and deployment of troops for conducting strategic and tactical operations tailored to various enemy compositions.

This article is dedicated to certain principles of military art employed by Amir Temur and their potential application in modern military conflicts characterized by high mobility and the use of advanced technologies.

In the article teachers lesson process good quality, skill with take to go, successful work, students good quality knowledge give for, study to the process from the news, information from technologies use condition. Innovation education at work complete and accurate application for his/her essence, content understood without she is through teacher and student's mutual their relationship optimization statement done.

This article discusses the educational activities conducted in science and nature centers, methods of organizing these activities, and the equipment used. It also highlights the activities carried out under the guidance of educators, ways to stimulate children’s cognitive activity, and the importance of practical lessons in these centers. The article provides detailed insights into the educational activities, their organization, and the tools used in science and nature centers.

This article explores the semantic and stylistic functions of phraseological units (PUs) containing ornithonyms (bird names) in English and Uzbek. Through comparative analysis, the study examines how ornithonym-based idioms reflect cultural values, worldview, and communicative strategies in both languages. The analysis reveals that while both English and Uzbek phraseologies utilize ornithonyms to express metaphorical meanings, stylistic nuances and semantic associations differ significantly. The findings underscore the role of birds as symbolic agents in human cognition and discourse, enriching stylistic expressiveness and cultural imagery.

Today, the quality and structure of nutrition of different groups of the population is changing, which has a negative impact on their intake of biologically valuable proteins, vitamins, and a number of minerals. In particular, improper and insufficient nutrition is one of the reasons why women of reproductive age get seriously ill before and after childbirth, and even die prematurely. In particular, malnutrition is becoming one of the main factors of maternal and child mortality (Black et al., 2013). Accordingly, it is important to study the actual diet of women of reproductive age and develop measures to organize their healthy diet.

In the world, a number of scientific studies are being conducted to determine the nutritional status of various population groups, including women of reproductive age, and to develop the concept of healthy nutrition. In this regard, prevention and elimination of malnutrition, identification of related conditions, substantiation of its medical and biological aspects, and analysis from a physiological point of view occupy a special place.

This article is devoted to the study of the existing gastronomic discourses in Uzbek and English by comparing the linguocultural characteristics. The study shows how national culture, values, customs and the worldview of the people are expressed through gastronomic terms, phrases and linguistic units regarding food. Based on the linguocultural approach, gastronomic discourse components in English and Uzbek languages – lexical units, phraseological phrases, cultural metaphors, advertising texts, recipes and samples of speech in everyday communication-are analyzed.

Working capacity refers to the state of the organism, its level of health, vitality, competence, fitness, resistance to external environmental factors, the level of endurance, the ability of organisms to develop skills in adverse conditions, the state of the organism's response to stress factors, and many other similar conditions. Athletes have higher physical performance than other groups of the population. Of course, this does not mean that they have lower mental performance, on the contrary, logically speaking, an individual with high physical performance will also have higher mental performance. The performance of athletes is expressed by the following concepts:

• readiness,
• state of readiness,
• training (Zatsiorsky B. M., 1980).

It is emphasized that the athlete's performance is understood as "a specific state accompanied by morphological and functional changes in the body as a result of training" (Encyclopedic Dictionary of Physical Culture and Sports. - M.: Fis, 1962, vol. I-III). To determine the performance of athletes and the level of training, they are mainly examined by a doctor. In this case, almost all indicators in the body are determined and a comprehensive conclusion is drawn from them. This represents the functional activity of the body. It is also emphasized that performance is understood as the work, function of a certain organ or system in the body, directed towards some activity.

This article presents information about the didactic possibilities of organizing independent learning based on a creative approach in higher education institutions. The development of modern approaches and methods in the field of education requires fostering teachers' creative thinking skills and discovering new ways to work effectively with students. The term "creative approach" in pedagogy refers to the introduction of innovations in the teaching and learning process, the activation of students, and the development of their creative thinking. This article explores teaching methods based on a creative approach, their advantages, and practical applications.

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According to this article, the Singaporean development model is among the most sophisticated and stable examples of Asian authoritarian modernism. Through social discipline, meritocracy, and strong centralised governance, the model was able to strike a balance between economic growth and social stability.  Particularly in light of the evolution of contemporary postcolonial cultures, the examination of this concept within the context of social philosophy is highly pertinent.

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Rectal cancer is one of the most common forms of malignant neoplasms both in the world oncological practice and in Uzbekistan. About 600,000 new cases of this disease are diagnosed annually in the world. Over the past few decades, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of rectal cancer. The data on the relative incidence of this nosology are comparable among Russian and foreign authors according to Siegel R., Miller K., rectal cancer, including anal canal cancer, accounts for about 50% of all colon tumors. In recent years, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of rectal cancer worldwide, so its share in the structure of oncological morbidity in men is 5.3% and in women 4.4%. Locally advanced rectal cancer is a tumor of limited mobility or immobile with involvement or destruction of its own fascia, without obvious signs of distant metastasis in patients who, due to its spread beyond the organ, cannot undergo radical surgery without a high risk of local relapse in the near future after surgery. One of the urgent tasks of modern oncoproctology is to improve the long-term results of treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

This article explores the historical development of photojournalism, tracing its origins from early documentary photography in the 19th century to its evolution through technological advancements and social change. It highlights key periods such as the Golden Age of photojournalism, the impact of war photographers, the rise of photo magazines, and the transition into the digital era. The article emphasizes the enduring power of visual storytelling in journalism and its role in shaping public perception and documenting history.

This article examines the impact of dust generated in the production environment on the health of employees. The relevance of the topic is explained by the increasing need for occupational safety and health measures in manufacturing enterprises. According to the results of the study, dust particles can cause respiratory diseases, allergic reactions and chronic bronchitis. In conclusion, it was found that the negative effects of industrial dust can be reduced through effective ventilation systems, protective equipment and regular medical examinations.

This article discusses the issues of improving the methods of evacuating enterprise employees in case of emergency situations. Legal, organizational and technological approaches to increasing the efficiency of evacuation systems are analyzed. Taking into account the specific characteristics of each enterprise, existing problems and proposals for their elimination are presented. The article substantiates the importance of advanced technologies, real-time management systems and digital evacuation plans. The regularity of evacuation exercises and the effectiveness of employee training are also indicated. The results of the study show that optimizing evacuation processes can help increase employee safety and reduce losses to the enterprise.

 This article examines the growth conditions of plants and their defense capabilities. The protection of plants from environmental factors that are unfavorable for them, as well as anatomical changes in their bodies, are presented.

This passage highlights the importance of teaching speaking as a core aspect of language education. It emphasizes the unique, interactive nature of speaking compared to other skills, noting its reliance on real-time communication. The text stresses that speaking is vital for success across various life domains—academic, professional, and social—and requires a balanced approach that targets both fluency and accuracy. Moreover, it underlines the essential role speaking plays in second language acquisition, as it enables learners to function effectively in real-life situations.

For any business to be successful, it requires financial stability. Cash flows play a crucial role in ensuring this stability. Cash flows mainly arise from operating activities. This article discusses the concept of cash flows in operating activities, their significance, formation, monitoring, and management.

In the article treasury​ financial stability and efficiency in provision international experience seeing​ Globalization​ and market in the environment dynamic changes​ under the circumstances state funds​ how management necessity and in the treasury management studied . Authors​ by developed in countries treasury​ main functions and tasks analysis , for example , money flow planning and management , capital structure optimization , risks management , banks with each other connections and investors , as well as control and report . Authors current trends and problems , digitization , automation , integration and order to plant such as treasury​ services right​ experiments seeing​ published . In the article treasury​ of the state  strategic finance main element that emphasized management and competitiveness and stable development important factor is considered

Victory Day, commemorated on May 9th, is a day of solemn remembrance and national pride across many countries, particularly those of the former Soviet Union. It marks the victory over Nazi Germany in World War II and honors the immense sacrifice of those who fought and died. The holiday is not just about celebrating a military triumph; it represents the human cost of global conflict, the resilience of nations, and the enduring legacy of those who stood against tyranny. This article delves into the historical significance of Victory Day, recounts stories of bravery, examines how modern society preserves wartime memory, explores the role of education in shaping historical consciousness, and reflects on themes of peace, unity, and patriotism. Together, these elements reveal why May 9th remains a cornerstone of historical identity and moral responsibility for future generations.

 In today's complex geopolitical situation, the formation of a layer of owners occupies a special place in ensuring the stability of society. From this point of view, the concept of the proprietary layer, the study of its political and legal evolution becomes one of the most pressing issues. An important condition for the existence of civil society is the institution of private property. The development of private property creates conditions for the expansion of freedom and constant access to the outside world. Property is an open activity as a material embodiment of the outside world; it expresses the behavior of civil society and its members. The growth trends of the middle social class in developed countries, its role in the development and improvement of civil society and the experience of Western countries in this area are analyzed. The main strategic task of developed countries in the modern period is to achieve a general civil consensus by taking into account and coordinating the interests of various social groups, ensuring civil solidarity aimed at the integration of society. Uzbekistan is also on the path to building a civil society based on a combination of Western, Eastern and national experience. As a result of the implementation of the tasks identified in the "Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026" on "protecting the right of private property and further strengthening its priority position, stimulating the development of small businesses and private entrepreneurship", the social layer of owners will become a more active force in the country's civil society and will inevitably become an economic pillar.

This article analyzes the existing approaches to the methodology of teaching foreign languages in Uzbekistan and foreign countries. In particular, aspects such as the methodological preparation of teachers, approaches to the lesson process, the use of technological tools, and the creation of a language environment are analyzed in a comparative manner. Also, the possibilities of applying foreign experiences in Uzbekistan based on modern requirements are discussed.