№ 1 (2025) Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations

Punctuation is very important in linguistics for correct and clear reading and understanding of the text. They reveal the meaning of sentences, determine the connections between words and phrases, provide the correct structure of the text and ultimately help the reader or listener to clearly convey the idea. The article contains information about some punctuation marks used in the Russian language, their history and use.

There is described in the article the methods of teaching mathematics in elementary grades by learning sources and ways to implementing these effectively. Also, there are provided some examples of these methods implementation in practice.

Simultaneous interpretation is a crucial skill for professional interpreters, requiring advanced linguistic proficiency, cognitive agility, and specialized training. This article explores innovative strategies for improving simultaneous interpretation education. Key approaches include integrating technology, utilizing AI-assisted interpretation tools, enhancing real-time practice methods, and adopting neuroscience-based cognitive training. Additionally, it highlights the importance of cultural competence and stress management techniques. By implementing these strategies, interpreter training programs can better equip students for the fast-paced demands of simultaneous interpretation.

This article discusses special musical methods that help to study the ancient layers of Maqom melodies. Information is provided on the important role that performance methods play in the development of human culture in art and culture.

 This article discusses individual learning, the advantages of individual learning, and the technologies of individual learning. It also discusses the innovative nature of individual learning and the expansion of the ranks of independent-minded young people.

The new Uzbekistan's foreign policy is aimed at strengthening regional cooperation and expanding global partnerships, with a focus on stability, economic growth, and the development of diplomatic relations. By actively participating in international organizations, trade agreements, and regional dialogues, our country seeks to support peace, security, and sustainable development. Uzbekistan's policy is based on the principles of mutual respect, non-interference in internal affairs, and the promotion of economic integration with neighboring states. Through the implementation of a balanced and pragmatic foreign policy, Uzbekistan strives to play a significant role in addressing regional and global issues, as well as contributing to overall progress and international cooperation.

This article examines the crucial role of mathematical modeling in managing technological process models. It explores various theoretical approaches—including differential, integral, and algebraic models—and demonstrates how these methods facilitate process simulation, optimization, and control. The discussion highlights the benefits of integrating mathematical modeling with advanced technologies for predictive maintenance and adaptive control, while also addressing challenges such as model complexity, data quality, and computational demands. Future directions for research, including the incorporation of artificial intelligence and digital twin systems, are also outlined.

In recent years, two educational approaches Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) have gained significant attention in classrooms worldwide. Both are learner-centered methodologies that prioritize active engagement, critical thinking and practical application of knowledge. These approaches represent a shift from traditional teacher directed models toward more dynamic, student-driven learning environments. In this article is explored these two methods, highlighting the insights of experts and scientists on their effectiveness and impact on student outcomes.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with obesity being a significant risk factor that exacerbates CAD outcomes. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has emerged as a crucial intervention for managing CAD, offering benefits such as reduced cardiovascular mortality and improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This review aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of exercise-based CR in patients with CAD, including those with obesity, focusing on quality of life and cardiovascular outcomes.

Anatomy, as one of the fundamental disciplines in medical education, plays a critical role in shaping the foundational knowledge of future healthcare professionals. Traditional methods of teaching anatomy, primarily based on cadaver dissection and textbook illustrations, often face limitations in terms of accessibility, interactivity, and student engagement. In recent years, the integration of modern visual technologies — such as 3D modeling, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) — has revolutionized the way anatomical content is delivered and perceived. These innovations offer immersive and dynamic learning experiences, allowing students to explore complex anatomical structures in greater detail and within a clinically relevant context.

This shift aligns with global trends in medical pedagogy that emphasize active learning, digital literacy, and personalized educational approaches. Moreover, visual technologies contribute to better spatial understanding, knowledge retention, and learner satisfaction. Despite their growing popularity, there is a need for more structured implementation and evidence-based evaluation of their impact on educational outcomes. This article explores the potential of modern visual tools in anatomy teaching and discusses strategies for their effective integration into the medical curriculum.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Uzbekistan expanded 6.40 percent in the second quarter of 2024 over the same quarter of the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Uzbekistan is expected to be 6.20 percent by the end of this quarter, according to Trading Economics global macro models and analysts expectations.In this article, the comparison of various models related to macroeconomic balance and economic growth is studied on the basis of various graphs, formulas and tables, and their comparisons are made. In addition, the specific characteristics of the models and their application in what period and for what economic systems are covered in detail. Economic growth refers to an increase in the size of a country's economy over a period of time. The size of an economy is typically measured by the total production of goods and services in the economy, which is called gross domestic product (GDP).

This article covers the formation process of the Baghdad School of Linguistics, its scientific activities and its role in the development of Arab-Islamic culture. The main areas of the school, including the formation of the theoretical foundations of the Arabic language, grammatical research, lexicography and translation activities, are discussed. The Baghdad School is one of the centers of Oriental science, where many famous scientists, linguists and translators worked.

The article also discusses in detail how representatives of this school used the Greek, Persian and Indian cultural heritage, and the process of translating scientific works from different languages into Arabic. The grammatical studies of the Baghdad School laid the foundation for the development of Arabic linguistics in subsequent centuries and played an important role in the formation of Arabic grammar, morphology, and syntax. The article also analyzes the relations of the Baghdad School of Linguistics with other scientific centers, including the Basra and Kufa schools, and their mutual influence. This study clearly reveals the scientific heritage of the Baghdad School and its influence in later periods.

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“Music” is an integral part of human spirituality, which is of great importance in understanding and evaluating cultural values. In general secondary schools, music is an important factor in educating students' creative taste, aesthetic feelings and moral views. Through music, it is possible to connect the younger generation to cultural heritage and instill a spirit of respect for national values. The role of music in the cultural and aesthetic development of children.

This article analyzes the morphological changes in the heart caused by physical inactivity (hypokinesia), their pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical significance based on international sources. Studies show that hypokinesia promotes myocardial dilatation, hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis processes. Consequently, the heart's pumping function declines, increasing the risk of heart failure, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular diseases. These processes are visually represented through graphical data.

 In today`s educational landscape, personalized learning has already become one of effective and famous teaching approaches. Personalized learning is a transformative approach in education which is designed in order to meet every student` needs. This paper is devoted to discuss benefits of personalized learning and emphasizes contribution of it to more effective learning experience.

This article analyzes various types of manual labor for children and studies their impact on creative development. Manual labor activities for preschool children help develop creative thinking with the help of various materials and tools provided for them. The article presents the most common types of manual labor, including painting, working with plasticine, creative activities with paper and other natural materials. It examines how each type of activity affects children's psychology, motor skills and creative thinking.

The article also discusses the importance of children's creative development and the role of manual labor activities in strengthening social ties between them, expressing emotions and self-awareness. Research shows that various manual labor activities help children develop important cognitive and motor skills, as well as in imagining, creating new ideas and putting them into practice.

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This article examines the effectiveness of using modern pedagogical technologies in teaching literacy to primary school students through Scratch. The study explores the impact of interactive teaching methods, gamification, and visual materials on students' creativity and critical thinking. The findings indicate that innovative approaches significantly enhance students' engagement and improve learning outcomes. Based on the results, recommendations are provided for integrating modern technologies into the educational process.

The prevention of childhood diseases is a critical issue for both public health and educational systems worldwide. Early childhood diseases, including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal diseases, and immunizable diseases, can have lasting effects on a child’s health, development, and overall well-being. This article explores the importance of improving the socio-pedagogical system for preventing common childhood diseases by enhancing the roles of schools, parents, healthcare professionals, and the community. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this paper presents strategies to better integrate health education, preventive measures, and community support, ultimately fostering a healthier environment for children.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly impacted education, particularly language learning and translation training. Web 2.0 technologies provide a dynamic and interactive environment that enhances students' written translation skills. This study explores the effectiveness of using Web 2.0 tools such as blogs, wikis, and online collaborative platforms in developing translation competencies among junior students. The research findings indicate that the integration of Web 2.0 technologies improves students' engagement, fosters autonomous learning, and enhances their ability to produce accurate and contextually appropriate translations. The study also highlights the importance of digital literacy and the role of educators in guiding students to effectively utilize these tools for translation practice.

This study explores the conceptual integration of phraseological units with the component "heart" in English, Russian, and Uzbek, using conceptual integration theory (CIT) as the analytical framework. The research aims to analyze how the metaphor of the "heart" is conceptualized across these three languages, highlighting both universal and culture-specific aspects. By examining a selection of phraseological units, the study identifies key patterns in how the heart metaphor is used to express emotions such as love, kindness, pain, and resilience. While all three languages share common uses of the heart metaphor, they exhibit distinct conceptual integration patterns shaped by cultural values. In English, emotional openness and vulnerability are emphasized, while Russian phrases focus on emotional control and endurance, and Uzbek expressions highlight emotional transparency and directness. This comparative analysis reveals how language reflects cultural attitudes toward emotion, social interaction, and personal expression. The findings suggest that understanding metaphorical expressions in different languages can improve cross-cultural communication, translation, and language teaching. The study also highlights the potential of CIT in uncovering deeper cognitive and cultural processes in metaphor formation. Further research could expand the scope to include additional languages and explore other metaphorical expressions to deepen our understanding of cross-cultural metaphors and conceptual integration.

This article examines the educational potential embedded in the life and legacy of Mahmud Torabi — a prominent cultural, spiritual, and national figure — as a paradigm for fostering patriotic values among youth. In the context of global changes and growing challenges to national identity, Torabi's devotion to his homeland, moral integrity, and service to society exemplify a powerful model for educating the younger generation. Through a comprehensive analysis of his biography, public engagement, and writings, this study outlines the essential traits of patriotic education and proposes methods to integrate them into contemporary youth upbringing and education systems.

The article reveals a holistic approach to teaching methods, the role of the family and kindergarten in the formation of the child's personality.

This article covers the issue of purulent-inflammatory pathologies of the maxillofacial region, as well as the factors that cause them and possible complications. The author analyzes effective treatment options, including the use of drugs and surgery. The importance of prevention and oral hygiene is emphasized. The article will be interesting and useful for dentists and medical professionals, as well as for readers interested in health problems and self-treatment.