Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025)

Maqolada til o‘zgarishlari va tilning kontekstga moslashuvi orqali asliyatning o‘zgarishini qanday tushunish mumkinligi haqida fikrlar keltiriladi. Asl til va tarjima tili o‘rtasidagi mantiqiy bog‘liqlik va to‘g‘ri idrokni amalga oshirishda ko‘rsatilgan parallel jarayonlarning o‘zaro ta’siri tahlil qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada siyosiy matnlarni tarjima qilish jarayonida til birliklarining o‘zgarish xususiyatlariga oid muhim masalalar yoritiladi. Shuningdek, tarjima jarayonida tilning grammatik, leksik, va stilistik o‘zgarishlari, shuningdek, siyosiy terminologiya va kontekstning tarjimadagi ta’siri tahlil qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada fransuz tilini o‘qitishda talabalarning matnlar yaratish uchun yozma nutq ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish usullarini o‘rganish va metallingvistik vositalardan foydalanish haqidagi muammolar  muhokama qilinadi.

The article is about Phonemes and Allophones. Types of Allophones. Native speakers do not observe the difference between the allophones of the same phoneme. At the same time, they realize that allophones of each phoneme possess a bundle of distinctive features that make this phoneme functionally different from all other phonemes of the language. This functionally relevant bundle is called the invariant of the phoneme. All the allophones of the phoneme /d/ are occlusive, forelingual, and lenis.

This article explores the theory of the phoneme, with a particular focus on the contributions made by the London Phonological School. The London School, which emerged in the early 20th century, emphasized distinctive features as the core unit of phonology, providing an alternative approach to the classical structuralist view of phonemes. This paper examines the foundations of the phoneme theory, the key concepts introduced by the London Phonological School, and the influence these ideas had on the development of phonology in linguistic studies.

The article about personification and its stylistic definition. Personification is a stylistic device that makes people and persons from abstract or general things. The personification is a secondary form of the metaphor and is heavily based on allegory. The style figure furnishes non-living beings with characteristics or actions that are otherwise only attributed to living creatures. Thus the personification increases the vitality and vividness of language.

Статья о персонификации и её стилистическом определении. Персонификация – это стилистический приём, который наделяет абстрактные или общие понятия человеческими качествами. Она является вторичной формой метафоры и тесно связана с аллегорией. Этот стилистический приём приписывает неживым объектам характеристики или действия, свойственные только живым существам. Таким образом, персонификация повышает выразительность и образность языка.

The article about Phonological features of sentence-stress in English. Nuclear stress (or sentence stress) as a prosodic feature marks information flow in spoken English, and has received some treatment in the linguistics literature, most notably in pragmatics, but less so in newer phonological paradigms. Current theories in linguistics might shed light on this feature, such as Optimality Theory (OT) and cognitive grammar (CG). This paper compares potential insights and likely predictions of these two approaches for nuclear stress, by examining a recorded conversation of native US English speakers.

The article is about the phonological aspect of English speech sounds. Units of sound sequence are called syllables or syllables. It is a unit of a sequence of sounds marked by one unit of the loudest sound, which may or may not be accompanied by another sound in front of it. The field of linguistics that studies, analyzes, and discusses the sequence of language sounds is called phonology, etymologically, the word phonology is sound, and logic, which is science.

The article about phonetic stylistic peculiarities of Robert Lee Front’s poema. Units of sound sequence are called syllables or syllables. it is a unit of a sequence of sounds marked by one unit of the loudest sound, which may or may not be accompanied by another sound in front of it. the field of linguistics that studies, analyzes, and discusses the sequence of language sounds is called phonology, etymologically, the word phonology is sound, and logic, which is science.

The article is about Specific features of polysemantic words in the English language and their verbalization in the context. The importance of studying the phenomenon of polysemy is obvious because it is the object of confusion and provides a quantitative and qualitative growth of the language’s expressive resources. It is extremely important to investigate the semantic changes in the system of meanings in the English language

This research examines the distinctive features of polyfunctional words in English lexicography, focusing on their multiple semantic roles and representation in modern dictionaries. The study analyzes the complexities of documenting and categorizing words that serve multiple grammatical and semantic functions, particularly addressing the challenges lexicographers face in accurately representing these meanings. Through a comprehensive analysis of major English dictionaries and lexicographic practices, this research highlights the patterns of polyfunctional word entries, their hierarchical organization, and the evolving approaches to their documentation. The findings reveal the importance of context-based definitions, the role of corpus linguistics in identifying usage patterns, and the need for systematic approaches in representing polyfunctional words in modern lexicography. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion of lexicographic methodology and provides insights for improving the documentation of polyfunctional words in English dictionaries:

The article investigates conversion as a means of forming new words without adding any derivative element when the basic form of the original and the basic derived words are homonymous having the same morphological structure, but belonging to different parts of speech. It is said that in the course of historical development grammatical forms in English were lost and there exists no inflection to distinguish the form of the verb from a noun and this is considered as widespread word formation in English. It also studies conversion being a type of word-building – not a pattern of structural relationship. Synchronically both types – a noun and a verb must be treated together as cases of patterned homonymy, while studying diachronically, it is essential to differentiate the cases of conversion and treat them separately. It is emphasized that it is not easy to say definitely which of the members was derived, the results of synchronic and diachronic analysis may not coincide. That means that what is understood under conversion in Modern English does not fully and necessarily coincide with earlier periods of the development of the language

This article examines the intersection of diachronic and synchronic approaches in the study of word formation processes, highlighting their complementary nature in understanding morphological development in languages. The research demonstrates how historical (diachronic) analysis reveals the evolution of word-formation patterns over time, while synchronic investigation provides insights into contemporary productive morphological processes. Through comparative analysis of various word-formation mechanisms, this study illustrates how both perspectives contribute to a comprehensive understanding of linguistic creativity and language change. Special attention is paid to the interaction between inherited word-formation models and innovative patterns in modern language use.

The article investigates conversion as a means of forming new words without adding any derivative element when the basic form of the original and the basic derived words are homonymous having the same morphological structure, but belonging to different parts of speech. It is said that In the course of historical development grammatical forms in English were lost and there exists no inflexion to distinguish the form of the verb from a noun and this is considered as widespread word formation in English. Synchronically both types – a noun and a verb must be treated together as cases of patterned homonymy, while studying diachronically, it is essential to differentiate the cases of conversion and treat them separately. It is emphasized that it is not easy to say definitely which of the members was derived, the results of synchronic and diachronic analysis may not coincide. That means that what is understood under conversion in Modern English does not fully and necessarily coincide with earlier periods of the development of the language.

This research aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of phonetic and lexical patterns in English and Uzbek word combinations. The use of corpus analysis, phonetic analysis, lexical analysis, and translation analysis will reveal significant similarities and differences, shedding light on the unique characteristics of each language. The findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of cross-linguistic variation and can have practical implications for language teaching and translation. This study explores the phonetic and lexical characteristics of word combinations in English and Uzbek, highlighting both similarities and significant differences. It examines the phonetic interactions among words when combined, focusing on phenomena such as assimilation, elision, and stress patterns in both languages. Lexically, the research investigates prevalent types of word combinations (e.g., collocations, idioms, phrasal verbs) and analyzes how cultural and historical influences have shaped their formation and usage. By comparing and contrasting these features, this analysis aims to provide insights into the challenges faced by learners of each language and contribute to a deeper understanding of cross-linguistic communication. Ultimately, the study aims to assist in cross-cultural communications and linguistic analysis.