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UZBEK AND ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGY IN
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Khojirakhon ABDUKARIMOVA
Student of UzSWLU
This article aims to explore and compare phraseology in Uzbek and English from
a linguistic perspective. Phraseology, the study of multi-word expressions and set
phrases, plays a vital role in understanding language, culture, and cognition. By
analyzing the phraseological units in both languages, we aim to shed light on their
similarities, differences, and the underlying cultural and linguistic implications. The
paper employs a corpus-based approach, utilizing authentic language data from diverse
sources, such as literary texts, web resources, and spoken language samples. The
findings contribute to not only the field of linguistics but also language teaching and
intercultural communication.
To date, phraseology has a special place in modern linguistics. This area has
developed in later times and a lot of scientific work is being carried out on it.
Phraseology is the knowledge of expressions. Phrases, word associations, free and
standing associations are studied in phraseology in terms of their structure and meaning.
The phraseological unit is a unit involved in speech and is a figurative spiritual unit
consisting of a combination in the form of more than one independent lexeme “teppa
sochi tikka bo’lmoq, boshi ko’kka yetmoq”: “to show the right feather, to play the first
fiddle”. Phraseological combinations in all languages, in particular phraseological
combinations in English, are also considered folk art, indicating the wisdom of the
nation. According to the origin of phraseological combinations in the English language,
scientists divide into three large groups:
1.
Ancient phraseological combinations in English;
2.
Phraseological combinations borrowed from other languages;
3.
Phraseological combinations derived from the American variant of the English
language.
Phraseological units are directly related to the customs, historical realities,
traditions of the English people. Many phraseological combinations reflect the
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traditions and beliefs of the English people, the historical realities of the history of
England that we know and do not know. Many English phraseologies are borrowed
from works of art, various literature and are considered the source of their origin, such
as the works of writers, children's poetry, fairy tales and caricatures. For example, the
English writer William Shakespeare12 made a great contribution to enriching the
English Vocabulary. The phraseologisms he created are second only to the Bible. Now,
let's take a look at some of them “Cakes and ale” - (s.s.) “pirojnoye va pivo”;
“tashvishsiz quvonch, hayotdan zavqlanmoq” “A fool's paradise” - “hayoldagi baxt,
hayolot dunyosi” “Give the devil his due” - “dushmanga tan bermoq” “The green-eyed
monster-(k.u.) yashil ko'zli berahm odam”; “rashkchi” “have an itching palm”-
poraxo’rlik qilmoq; tamagir. “Lay it on with a trowel”- “bo'rttirib maqtamoq, haddan
tashqari maqtamoq”; “Not to care a fig”- “hammaga birdek bo'lmoq”;
“That's got him - qilmish-qidirmish”; “There is a deer - ziyrak bo'ling!”; “I am fed
up with it! - jonga tegdi! Yetadi!”; “To have a go - sinab ko'rmoq”
In addition to Shakespeare, many more English writers have enriched
the vocabulary of phraseology. They are: Jeffrey Choser, Edmond Spencer, Thomas
Brown, Voltaire Scott and so on. The authors of phraseologies related to habits,
traditions and beliefs are unknown, they were formed among the people in ancient times
- in ancient times. Such phraseological combinations are examples of folk creativity.
They are not translated directly from one language to another, but those the
equivalence of the language is obtained. The reason for this is the traditions, values of
each people and because of the variety of traditions. For example: bite off more than
one can chew - nonni katta tishlamoq, kuchi yetmaydigan ishga chiranmoq, behuda
urinmoq, ortiqcha chiranish bel chiqarar; have a bee in one's bonnet bo'lmag'ur fikrlar
bilan boshini band qilmoq. hold one's head high - boshini baland tutmoq; dance
attendance on somediv - laganbardorlik qilmoq, biror kimsa uchun yugurmoq,
kimningdir xizmatiga doim tayyor bo'lmoq.
One of the linguistic scientists who studied the field of phraseology is A.
Mamatov
13
Uzbek it divides phraseological combinations into 4 classifications, having
studied them in terms of formation:
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1.
Phraseologies formed in terms of their connection with the activity and psyche
of the individual: open-hearted, disappointed, stoop to the ground and so on (ko'ngli
ochiq, hafsalasi pir bo'lmoq, yerga ursa ko'kka sapchimoq va hokazo).
2.
The profession is formed in terms of dependence on phraseology: bo’zchining
mokkisidek.
3.
Phraseological units formed on the basis of animal-specific images oyog'i
kuygan tovuqday, ammamning buzog'iday, to'ygan qo'zi va hokazo.
4.
Phraseological units formed in terms of dependence on religion: xudo ko'tarsin,
payg'ambar hassasi bilan turgan singari.
In phraseology, as well as in lexemes synonymy, antonyms, cases of homogeneity
are observed. Such an attitude, according to H.Jalmonkhanov
14
on the basis of
phraseological synonymy and phraseological antinomy arise.
For example, in uzbek language “og'zi qulog'ida and boshi osmonga yetdi”
phraseological units among themselves synonymy, both of them express joy and fun.
“Ko'kka ko'tarmoq and yer bilan bitta qilmoq” both of them anonyms.
To get the bit between one's teeth o'zini tuta olmaslik
To take the bit between one's teeth o'zidan ketmoq
To leave no stone unturned barcha imkoniyatlarni ishga solmoq
To move heaven and earth qo'lidan kelganini qilmoq
These phraseological units are interchangeable. In English, such phraseological
units are introduced into speech in a ready-made form, and another word is
irreplaceable, I will help him do it. Idioms, that is, their inflorescences, are clear to
everyone speech the name of the combination is convenient to use in direct speech.
English, like Uzbek, also has many synonyms, antonyms, homonymic expressions.
For example, “the dark house - mysterious and the black ship” - these two, which
differ from the others in that they mean mysterious, can be synonymous with each other.
English idioms such as “black ship”, “dark horse”, as mentioned above, also animals
belong to the group of phraseological units. Phraseological units light up speech makes
it beautiful and enriches the language. Their origin, history, on which many English,
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Russian, Uzbek scientists have conducted scientific work on its formation.
Phraseological units are also mastered in several forms: literally mastering for
example, make believe-come together: one with a little change to translate a part by
changing the part (a propos (yoki apropos) of nothing - hech narsadan hech narsa yo'q,
bekordan bekorga). Spoken in Uzbek and English there are many phraseologies in
which the word is translated and directly coincides with each other occurs. For example,
“to play with fire-olov bilan o’ynashma”, “first think, then speak-avval o’yla keyin
so’yla”
Overall, this research paper provides a valuable contribution to the field of
linguistics and language teaching by exploring phraseology in Uzbek and English from
a linguistic perspective. It deepens our understanding of the cultural and linguistic
dimensions of phraseological units and provides insights for language learners,
teachers, and researchers alike.
References
1.
Mamatov. Phraseological Formation And Lexicalization Phenomenon.
Toshkent: 2000/
2.
H. Jalmonkhonov. Phraseological Synonymy And Phraseological Antinomy.
3.
Тешабаева, Д. М. "Речевой этикет делового письма: Автореф.… канд.
филол. наук." Ташкент 19 (2000): 6.
4.
Мавлянова, Ш. З., and Д. А. Тешабаева. "Современный взгляд на
патогенез и терапию атопического дерматита." VA ESTETIK TIBBIYOT 1 (1991):
17.
5.
Teshabaeva, Dilfuza. "ELEKTRON GAZETA TILINING AKSIOLOGIK-
MENTAL TADQIQI." Namangan davlat universiteti Ilmiy axborotnomasi 8 (2023):
368-373.
6.
Qizi, Valiyeva Nargizaxon Zamir. "Helpful methods of translating
phraseological units containing components of anthroponyms." (2022).
