Том 4 № 11 (2025)

Ushbu maqolada kompyuter terminologiyasi tizimi kognitiv yondashuv asosida o‘rganiladi. Kognitiv tilshunoslik nazariyasi asosida axborotni idrok etish, qayta ishlash va tushunish jarayonlari tilshunoslik obyektlari – terminlar orqali tahlil qilinadi. Kompyuter sohasida shakllangan atamalar inson tafakkuri va tushunchasining mahsuli sifatida ko‘rilib, ularning konseptual mazmuni, semantik tuzilishi hamda madaniy-mantiqiy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada, shuningdek, kognitiv yondashuvning lingvistik terminologiyani tizimlashtirish va tahlil qilishdagi afzalliklari ko‘rsatiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari kompyuter terminologiyasini chuqurroq anglash va uni tilshunoslik, tarjimashunoslik, informatika fanlari bilan bog‘liq holda tahlil etishga imkon beradi.

This article highlights the causes of the environmental crisis related to the Aral Sea, its negative consequences, and the measures being taken to mitigate them. Once the fourth largest inland sea in the world, the Aral Sea played a vital role in the climate, agriculture, fishing industry, and livelihoods of the people in Central Asia. However, from the second half of the 20th century, water from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers was diverted inefficiently for cotton irrigation through wasteful irrigation systems. This led to the drying up of the Aral Sea and the emergence of a major ecological disaster. A new desert named Aralkum has formed on the former seabed, spreading millions of tons of salty dust annually. This has increased respiratory, cardiovascular, blood, and skin diseases, particularly leukemia and developmental disorders among children. The climate has drastically changed: the air is drier, summers hotter, and winters colder. Shortages of drinking water and poor sanitation have led to the spread of infectious diseases. However, positive measures are being taken to mitigate the problem. Kazakhstan has restored the Small Aral Sea, and in Uzbekistan, saxaul trees are being planted in the Aralkum desert. Effective water resource management, environmental education, improved healthcare services, and international cooperation are proposed as key solutions to stabilize life in the Aral Sea region.

This article scientifically reveals the socio-pedagogical significance of recreational tourism, its role in the upbringing of the younger generation and the tasks it performs in the socialization of society. The issues of ensuring the physical, mental and spiritual development of young people through the use of the pedagogical potential of recreational tourism are analyzed. Also, the pedagogical conditions necessary for the implementation of recreational activities, the mechanisms of their effective organization and methodological aspects are considered in detail. During the study, the possibilities of recreational tourism in developing the social competencies of young people were highlighted, and scientific and methodological recommendations were developed on the existing problems in this area and their solutions.

Mazkur maqolada yashil qurilish tushunchasi, uning asosiy tamoyillari, afzalliklari va joriy etilishining zarurati haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Ekologik barqarorlik, energiya samaradorligi va resurslardan oqilona foydalanish kabi tamoyillar asosida qurilish sohasi modernizatsiya qilinmoqda. Yashil qurilishga o‘tish bugungi kunning ekologik va iqtisodiy muammolarini bartaraf etishda muhim vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

В данной работе обсуждаются вопросы, связанные со свойствами дифференцируемости логарифмический потенциалов, и изучается аналог теоремы Киши для логарифмический потенциала. Также доказывается, что при некоторых достаточных условиях, наложенных на Лебегов меру , логарифмической потенциал  принадлежит классу .

В статье рассматриваются взаимоотношения романтизма и реализма в русской литературе XIX века. Отмечается, что эти направления не только противостояли друг другу, но и активно взаимодействовали, взаимно обогащая художественную традицию. Особое внимание уделено влиянию романтизма на психологизм реалистических произведений и постепенному переходу писателей от романтического стиля к реалистическому. Делается вывод о значимости этого диалога для формирования классической русской литературы.

The significance of a successful collaboration between state and civil society institutions in guaranteeing a prosperous life in Uzbekistan is examined in this article. Civil society institutions are defined as organizations that represent the interests of citizens, exercise public control, and maintain social stability, whereas state institutions are seen as the primary structures in charge of carrying out legal, political, and social functions. The article emphasizes the key tenets, legal underpinnings, and pragmatic importance of these institutions’ social partnership.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations, current status, existing opportunities, and challenges to be addressed for tourism development in Andijan region. Additionally, in the context of global trends in modern tourism, strategic measures necessary to transform Andijan into a competitive tourist zone are proposed. At the end of the article, the author offers specific suggestions and recommendations.

Ушбу мақолада Иккинчи жаҳон уруши даврида маҳаллий ва юртимизга кўчиб келган олимлар билан биргаликда олиб борилган тарихий тадқиқотлар, уларнинг натижалари, топиб ўрганилган археологик ёдгорликлар ҳақида маълумотлар берилади.

Ushbu maqolada matnshunoslik haqida ma'lumot, matn bilan ishlash uslubiyati, bibliografiya sohasi, O‘zbekiston hududida matnshunoslik sohasining rivojlanishi to‘g‘risida ma'lumotlar keltirilgan.

В статье рассматриваются психологические и педагогические аспекты формирования эмоционального интеллекта (ЭИ) у младших школьников. Описаны ключевые компоненты ЭИ, возрастные особенности эмоционального развития детей 6–10 лет и основные методики воспитания эмоциональной компетентности в школе. Приведены практические рекомендации для педагогов и родителей, включая моделирование эмоциональных ситуаций, развитие эмпатии и регуляции эмоций. Обоснована значимость эмоционального интеллекта для успешной адаптации и учебной мотивации младших школьников.

"Art plays a fundamental role in shaping the aesthetic culture of individuals. In the context of higher education, the use of traditional artistic tools in teaching can foster critical thinking, creativity, and cultural identity among students. The rich cultural heritage of Khorezm provides a unique set of artistic tools that can be utilized to enhance students' aesthetic culture and their understanding of the world." Art plays a central role in shaping the aesthetic culture of individuals, influencing not only their perception of beauty but also their worldview, creativity, and cognitive development. Aesthetic culture is a critical component of a well-rounded education, especially in the context of higher learning, where it contributes to the formation of moral values, cultural identity, and intellectual curiosity. In this regard, the integration of regional art forms into educational curricula offers unique opportunities for cultivating a deeper understanding of cultural heritage, artistic expression, and creativity.

Ushbu maqolada pul-kredit siyosatining iqtisodiy mohiyati, uning asosiy vositalari va maqsadlari, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi misolida ushbu siyosatning iqtisodiy jarayonlarga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Pul-kredit siyosati orqali inflyatsiya darajasi, pul massasi, foiz stavkalari va valyuta kurslari kabi ko‘rsatkichlar boshqarilib, iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantirish maqsad qilingan.

Ushbu maqolada, innovatsion ko‘rsatkichlar, qurulishlarni atrof- muhitga ta’siri, foyda rentabelligi.

Maqolada qoraqalpoq sur qorako‘l qo‘ylarini mahsuldorligining namoyon bo‘lishi, ularning mahsuldorlik xususiyatlarini oshirishda olimlarning olib borgan tadqiqot ishlari, rangbarangliklari, olib borilgan naslchilik ishlari natijasida yaratilgan zavod tiplari to‘g‘risidagi ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Mazkur maqolada buxgalteriya hisobining vujudga kelish tarixi, uning dastlabki shakllari, rivojlanish bosqichlari va zamonaviy buxgalteriya tizimining shakllanishi yoritib beriladi. Tarixiy jihatdan buxgalteriya hisobi dastlab oddiy ro‘yxat yuritish ko‘rinishida mavjud bo‘lgan bo‘lsa, keyinchalik iqtisodiy muomalalar murakkablashuvi bilan birga tizimli shaklga ega bo‘lgan. Maqolada qadimgi Mesopotamiya, Misr, Yunoniston, Rim va ayniqsa, XIV-XV asrlarda Italiyadagi ikkiyoqlama yozuv tamoyilining paydo bo‘lishi muhim tarixiy bosqich sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Buxgalteriya hisobi taraqqiyoti bilan birga u iqtisodiy nazorat, menejment, moliyaviy rejalashtirish va strategik qarorlar qabul qilishda muhim vositaga aylangan.

Ushbu maqolada davlat tomonidan iqtisodiyotni tartibga solishning asosiy usullari, ularning iqtisodiy o‘sish va barqarorlikka ta’siri, shuningdek, zamonaviy tartibga solish mexanizmlarining samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Fiskal va monetar siyosat, davlat buyurtmalari, subsidiyalar, soliqlar va boshqa tartibga solish vositalarining amaliyotdagi o‘rni ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston misolida iqtisodiyotni tartibga solish yo‘nalishlari yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada rivojlangan va rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar misolida tadbirkorlik faoliyatini qo‘llab-quvvatlashning samarali mexanizmlari, institutsional asoslari va davlat siyosatining roli yoritilgan. Xususan, AQSH, Germaniya, Janubiy Koreya va Estoniya kabi mamlakatlar tajribasi o‘rganilib, O‘zbekiston sharoitida qo‘llash mumkin bo‘lgan yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Maqolada shuningdek, inkubatsiya markazlari, soliq imtiyozlari, raqamli platformalar orqali tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha amaliy tajribalarga ham alohida e’tibor qaratiladi.

Ushbu maqolada bir kunlik isitma, uning, bosqichlari va sabablari haqida so‘z boradi.

Ushbu maqolada stomatologik amaliyotda uchraydigan gipesteziya holati — ya’ni og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i va yuz-jag‘ sohasidagi sezuvchanlikning pasayishi muammosi yoritilgan. Gipesteziyaning asosiy sabablari, klinik belgilari va tashxis qo‘yish usullari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, davo choralarining zamonaviy yondashuvlari va profilaktik tadbirlar haqida ma’lumot berilgan.Maqola stomatologik jarrohlikdan so‘ng yuzaga keladigan asoratlarni o‘z vaqtida aniqlash va samarali davolash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi.

This article analyzes the effectiveness and results of career-oriented psychological consultations in eliminating problems that arise in the process of choosing a profession for adolescents. The difficulties of young people in the process of professional self-determination, the content, methods of conducting psychological consultations and their practical effectiveness are studied. During the study, psychological counseling programs were tested to help adolescents understand their professional interests, make decisions and ensure motivational stability, and the results were analytically substantiated. Also, the positive impact of the consultation process on increasing self-confidence in adolescents, reducing identity crises and future professional planning activities is illustrated with experimental examples.

This article provides a comparative morphological analysis of affixes in the Uzbek and Turkish languages, focusing on their grammatical, derivational, and syntactic functions. As members of the Turkic language family, both Uzbek and Turkish exhibit agglutinative morphological structures, wherein affixes serve as the primary means of expressing grammatical relationships and word formation. The study explores similarities and differences in affix usage, productivity, and semantic transparency. It also examines how affixes reflect historical language development and contemporary linguistic evolution. The research contributes to broader understanding of Turkic linguistics and morphological typology through detailed analysis of affixation mechanisms in both languages.

Ushbu maqola jurnalistlar va blogerlarning mediada tutgan o'rni va ularning o'zaro ta'sirini tahlil qiladi. Jurnalistlarning axborotni ishonchli va to'g'ri tarzda tarqatishdagi roli, shuningdek, blogerlarning shaxsiy fikr va tajribalarini keng auditoriyaga etkazishdagi ahamiyati ko'rsatilgan. Maqolada, ular o'rtasidagi hamkorlik va raqobat, shuningdek, raqamli jurnalistikaning kelajagi hamda ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning rivojlanishi o'rganilgan.

This article examines the legal regime governing beneficial ownership within civil law jurisdictions, analyzing how these systems conceptualize, regulate, and implement beneficial ownership transparency requirements. Unlike common law systems that rely on trust structures and equitable ownership concepts, civil law jurisdictions have developed distinct approaches to beneficial ownership that reflect their codified legal traditions and emphasis on direct ownership rights.

This article analyzes the socio-pedagogical significance of the process of socialization of students through the use of a gender approach in the professional training of future teachers. Taking into account the principles of gender equality, the role of the teacher in shaping his professional activity, strengthening his social responsibility and establishing interpersonal equality is highlighted. Also, the effectiveness of socialization strategies based on a gender approach in the pedagogical process, practical mechanisms and methodological approaches are theoretically and practically substantiated. The article considers the role of future teachers in developing gender sensitivity in students during the educational process, combating stereotypes, and ensuring social harmony in society as the main point of view.

В статье рассматриваются типичные следственные ситуации, возникающие при расследовании наркопреступлений, совершаемых с использованием сети Интернет. Автором проанализированы особенности квалификации деяний, предусмотренных статьями 296, 297, 299 и 299‑1 Уголовного кодекса Республики Казахстан, с учётом цифровой специфики механизмов совершения преступлений. Отдельное внимание уделено последствиям законодательных изменений, вступивших в силу в 2025 году, а именно — исключению п. 5 ч. 3 ст. 297 УК РК, что повлияло на практику квалификации онлайн-сбыта. В работе обобщены следственные практики, связанные с виртуальными сделками, автоматизированным сбытом через Telegram-ботов, склонением несовершеннолетних, пропагандой и рекламой наркотиков в цифровой среде.

This scientific article investigates the effect of microbiological preparations on the stem growth of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.). The preparations Fitovak, Teria-S, Yer Malhami, as well as their combinations, were applied against three different mineral fertilizer backgrounds: P₉₀K₆₀, N₃₀P₉₀K₆₀ and N₆₀P₉₀K₆₀. Plant stem height was measured at the stages of budding, flowering, and pod formation. The highest results were observed in the variant where Teria-S was applied on the P₉₀K₆₀ background. Specifically, the stem height reached 54.9 cm at the budding stage, 70.7 cm during flowering, and 76.2 cm at the pod formation stage. Furthermore, high effectiveness was also recorded with the N₃₀P₉₀K₆₀ background when Teria-S was applied, with stem height reaching 72.8 cm during the pod formation stage. On the N₆₀P₉₀K₆₀ background, the application of Teria-S led to an increase in stem height up to 73.8 cm. In some cases, the combined use of the biostimulant Fitovak and the biological preparation Yer Malhami resulted in comparatively lower values.

This paper explores the role of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in developing international legal strategies to regulate the evolving digital and cyber-information environment. The rise of globalization, coupled with digital transformation, necessitates a coordinated legal response to new socio-economic relationships in cyberspace. While countries like the Russian Federation express interest in joint regulation, political barriers such as sanctions complicate practical cooperation. The study emphasizes the contributions of UN bodies like DESA, UNESCO, and WIPO in addressing cybersecurity, digital heritage, and ICT development. Furthermore, two competing conceptual approaches to cyberlaw—legal pluralism vs. strict legal regulation—are analyzed. The paper concludes that only through balanced global governance and preventive legal mechanisms can cyberspace become a secure, inclusive digital ecosystem.

In modern pedagogy, the quality indicators of education are determined not only by the level of knowledge transmission but also by the students' ability to apply acquired knowledge in practice, their independent thinking skills, and the alignment of assessment with their individual development trajectories. This situation demands a fundamental reform of the educational assessment system. Especially in preparing future teachers for assessment activities, traditional approaches are gradually losing their effectiveness. From this perspective, assessment methods based on the constructivist approach are gaining increasing relevance.

This article analyzes the pedagogical potential of using samples of oral folk art to develop the artistic and aesthetic abilities of primary school pupils. It highlights modern requirements for aesthetic education, the didactic functions of folklore genres, and the mechanisms for their integration into the educational process. The study describes ways to foster figurative thinking and aesthetic sensitivity through dramatic expression, visual activities, and creative writing. The inclusion of folk art is substantiated as a relevant methodological direction for competence-based education.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy o‘zbek estrada san’atining rivojlanish bosqichlari va o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari yoritiladi. Unda zamonaviy estrada san’atining ilk namunalari, mustaqillikdan keyingi erkin rivojlanish jarayoni haqida so‘z boradi.

Ushbu maqolada tanqidiy fikrlash tushunchasi, uning bosqichlari va tarkibiy jihatlari hamda o‘quvchilarda tanqidiy fikrlashni shakllantirishga yo‘naltirilgan pedagogik jarayon tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, tanqidiy fikrlashni rivojlantirishda kognitiv yondashuvlarning tutgan o‘rni, ta’lim jarayonidagi kognitiv bilish faoliyati bilan bo‘ladigan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi yoritib beriladi.

Speech acts represent essential tools of interpersonal communication, but their realization is deeply rooted in the linguistic and cultural norms of a speech community. In this regard, the performance of speech acts such as greetings, expressions of gratitude, apologies, address forms, and small talk can reveal much about a culture’s values, power structures, and interpersonal expectations. This article provides a comparative linguocultural analysis of selected speech acts in English, Uzbek, and Karakalpak languages, using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory and Triandis’s model of individualism and collectivism. Through a focused analysis of real examples, the study highlights how cultural context shapes pragmatic behavior across these three languages. (Hofstede 2001; Triandis 1995)