ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
608
INGLIZ VA O`ZBEK TILIDAGI KONSEPTUAL METAFORALAR
TARJIMASINING QIYOSIY TAHLILI.
Ollomurodov Arjunbek Orifjonovich
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti
Tarix va filologiya kafedrasi ingliz tili fani o`qituvchisi
E-mail:
ollomurodovarjunbekorifjonovich@oxu.uz
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376897
Annotatsiya.
Metaforalar insoniyat tilshunosligining ilk davrlaridan boshlab keng
ko`lamli ravishda ularning kundalik turmush tarzining ajralmas vositasi sifatida ishlatilib
kelinmoqda. Ular har bir millatning milliy dunyo manzarasini, ularning milliy-madaniy
qarashlarini hamda xalqning azaliy turmush tarzidagi tajribalarining mujassamlashgan belgisi
sanaladi. Ushbu maqolada ikki til miqyosidagi konseptual metaforalarning o`xshash va farqli
jihatlari, ularning turli millat kognitiv sathlarida qay tarzda namoyon bo`lishi qiyosiy tahlil
qilinadi.
Kalit so`zlar:
konsept, diskurs, konseptuallashtirish, kategoriyalashtirish, universal
metaforalar, metaforik idrok,dunyo manzarasi.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF CONCEPTUAL
METAPHORS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH.
Abstract.
Metaphors have been widely used since the early days of human linguistics as an
indispensable tool of their daily life. They are considered to be an embodied symbol of the national
worldview of each nation, their national-cultural views, and the people's experiences in the ancient
way of life. This article compares the similar and different aspects of conceptual metaphors of two
languages, how they are manifested at the cognitive levels of different nations.
Key words:
concept, discourse, conceptualization, categorization, metaphor universals,
metaphorical perception, world view.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПЕРЕВОДА КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫХ
МЕТАФОР НА УЗБЕКСКИЙ И АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКИ.
Аннотация.
Метафоры широко использовались с первых дней человеческой
лингвистики как незаменимый инструмент их повседневной жизни. Они считаются
воплощенным символом национального мировоззрения каждого народа, его национально-
культурных взглядов, опыта народа в древнем быте. В данной статье сравниваются
сходные и разные аспекты концептуальных метафор двух языков, как они проявляются на
когнитивных уровнях разных народов.
Ключевые слова:
концепт, дискурс, концептуализация, категоризация,
универсальные метафоры, метафорическое восприятие, картина мира.
Bugungi kunda muayyan etnos tilining kognitiv,lingvomadaniy, psixologik hamda
pragmatik tomonlarini, shuningdek, olam manzarasini shakllantirishda metaforalarning o`rni
beqiyosdir. Zamonaviy tilshunoslikdagi asosiy tahlil hamda tadqiq qilinuvchi vositalardan biri
sifatida tanilgan metaforalar istalgan xalq mentalitetining ajralmas qismi va bo`lagi sanaladi.
Metafora o‘zi taalluqli bo‘lgan tilning milliy madaniyatini bevosita aks ettiruvchi ekstralingvistik
mazmun tashuvchisi hisoblanadi. Milliy-madaniy komponentni o‘z ichiga olgan birlik
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
609
hisoblanuvchi metaforani tarjima qilish tarjimondan fon bilimlarini tadqiq etish, muayyan til
egalari olam manzarasining o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarini belgilab beruvchi madaniy, bog‘lanishli
assotsiatsiyalari kabi qatlamini chuqur o‘rganish talab etiladi (Vejbiskaya, 2019). Metaforalar
tarjimasining murakkabligi, ularda milliy xarakater, dunyoqarash va madaniyatning bir paytda aks
etishidadir. Tarjimashunos olimlar metaforalarni ikki tomonlama tushuncha sifatida namoyon
etuvchi konseptual metafora nazariyasi integratsion yondashuv asosida tarjima qilish amaliyotini
ijobiy baholashi tadqiqotimizda oʻz isbotini topgan. Metaforalar qadimdan turlicha mazmun va
ma`noda qabul qilingan. Metaforaning faylasuf olimlar tomonidan berilgan quyidagicha falsafiy-
nazariy asoslari mavjudligi bir qator ishlarda dalillar vositasida aniqlangan:
1. Antik taʼrif: metafora nutq bezagi sifatida;
2. Metafora – inson tafakkurini oʻlchovchi omil;
3. Chuqur semantik, kognitiv va pragmatik xususiyatga ega fenomen;
4. Metafora – uzoq yillar toʻplangan tajriba va bilimlarning nutqda (soʻz, jumla, gap yoki
matn orqali) keng maʼnoda qoʻllanilishi.
Zamonaviy kognitiv tilshunoslik metaforaning qiyoslash usuli, nutqni bezash usuli degan
an’anaviy ta’rifidan butunlay voz kechadi. Shuningdek, generativ tilshunoslikdagi N. Xomskiy,
L.N. Murzin kabi olimlarning metafora bazaviy strukturalarining o‘zaro ta’siri haqidagi ta’riflariga
ham qo‘shilmaydi. Zamonaviy kognitiv tilshunoslikning J. Lakoff, M. Jonson, N.Arutyunova,
A.Baranov, Yu.Karaulov, V.Demyankov, Ye.Kubryakova kabi namoyandalari metafora olamni
anglash, atrof-voqelikni tizimlashtirish va uni tushuntirish usulidir hamda metaforani kognitiv
ongning asosiy mental operatsiyasi tariqasida o‘rganish zarurdir, deb ta’kidlaydilar. Shu tarzda,
ikki so‘zning ma’nosini bog‘laydigan metafora tasviriy vosita emas, balki ikki tushuncha
maydonini birlashtiradigan va voqelik konseptualizatsiyasida manba doirasini shakllantirish
imkonini beruvchi ongning asosiy amaliyoti (jarayoni)dir. Demak, metafora – bu, voqelikning
spesifik konseptualizatsiyasi, inson tafakkuriga xos analogik imkoniyatlarning namoyon
bo‘lishidir. Inson nafaqat metafora vositasida fikrlaydi, balki metaforalar yordamida idrok qiladi,
ular vositasida o‘z olamini yaqqolroq ifodalaydi. Metafora ob’ektlarning bir sinfiga xos belgilarni
boshqa ob’ektlar sinfiga yoki ulardan biriga – metaforaning asosiy (dolzarb) sub’ektiga
mutanosiblikda tanlaydi. Metaforik ma’no uch komponentni bilishdan kelib chiqadi:
denotatlarning ikki kategoriyasi va metaforizatsiya jarayonida tilga olingan denotat
xarakteristikasi. Metaforada ishtirok etgan denotatlar kategoriyasining xarakteristikasi turli tillarda
o‘ziga xos ko‘rinishda bo‘ladi. Odatda, metafora til egalarining ushbu ob’ektlar kategoriyasi
haqidagi umumiy, xususan, mifologik, madaniy, emotsional baholi konnotatsiyalarini o‘z ichiga
olgan tasavvurlari zaxirasiga oid bo‘ladi (Guntekin, 2011, 2012). Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda esa
metaforalarning antropotsentrik paradigmalar talqinidan kelib chiqqan holda tafakkur va inson
omili bilan bog’liq xususiyatlari e’tibor markaziga qoʻyilmoqda. Til va tafakkur masalalari inson
ongida bilish jarayonlari bilan bog’liq yangi g’oyalar shakllanish mehanizmini aniqlashdagi
ustuvor omildir. Metaforalar ingliz va o`zbek tilida bir qator mavzularda o`xshashlikni,
universallikni yaratsa, bir qancha mavzularda umuman boshqa mazmun va ma`noni kasb etishi
mumkin. D.Baxronovaning ta’kidicha, metafora metafora bo‘lguncha, olamning oddiy
manzarasidan to lisoniy manzaragacha “sayohat” qiladi. So‘z birdaniga metaforaga aylanib
qolmaydi. Shu sababli ular o‘ziga tegishli jamiyatning “yuziga”, madaniyatning kodiga aylanadi.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
610
Jumladan, metaforalarni har bir millat maqol, matal va aforizmlarida, kundalik muloqatlarda
qo‘llanilishi muayyan etnosgagina tushunarli sifatlarni, milliy-madaniy belgili kodlarni ifodalaydi
(Baxronova, 2015).
Buni quyidagi misollarda atroflicha tahlil qilamiz.
He has made
the right
choice. - Он сделал правильный выбор - U to`g`ri tanlov qildi. -
U intixobidurust kard
Ushbu konseptual metaforalar tarjimasida “to`g`ri” so`zi “right”, “хороший”, ”durust”
so`zlari bilan mos kelib, turli tuzilmalarni hosil qiladi: right – в право- o`ng tarafga- ba tarafi rost;
good – хорошо – yaxshi- ho`p ; left – wrong = налево – плохо = chap – yomon = tarafi chap –
bad. Ushbu konseptual metaforalarning hosil bo`lishi har qanday odamning chap yelkasida
shayton va uning o`ngida esa farishta haqidagi g'oyasi bilan bog'liq bo`lib, asrlar osha insoniyat
tarixidagi to'g'rilik hamda egrilik, yaxshilik va yomonlik o'rtasidagi kurash haqidagi
tushunchalariga borib taqaladi.
Tarjima nazariyasida metaforalarning tarjimasi o`ziga xos qiyinchilik talab etuvchi
masalalardan biri hisoblanadi. Bu masalaga bag‘ishlangan tadqiqotlar doimo dolzarblik hamda
muhimlik kasb etadi, zotan, badiiy asar tarjimoni ko‘pincha metaforalarni tarjimada To`g`ridan
to`g`ri berish borasida qiyinchiliklarga duch keladi. Sifatli tarjima namunasini amalga oshirish
uchun tarjimon nafaqat o‘z ona tilining yetuk hamda malakali bilimdoni, balki tarjima nazariyasi
bo‘yicha zarur bilim hamda ko`nikmaga, amaliy tarjima qilish mahoratlariga hamda tarjima
qilinayotgan asar xalqi madaniyati,turmush tarzi hamda etnosi haqida ham muayyan ma’lumotga
ega bo‘lishi zarur.
Ko`pchilik konseptual metaforalar universal bo`lib, ingliz va o`zbek tilida bir xilda
uchrashi mumkin. Tarjima jarayonida ko`zga tashlanadigan ushbu hollarni ikkala til misolidagi
yaqqol misollarda ko`rib chiqamiz.
Masalan, “The career ladder - mansab pillapoyalari”
U mansab pillapoyalaridan tezlik bilan ko’tarila boshladi. - He began to move up the career
ladder very fast;
The heart of the problem- muommoning yuragi;
To shoulder a responsibility – mas`uliyatni yuklamoq;
The jacket I saw in the shop window pulled me into the store.- Do`kon peshtaxtasida men
ko`rgan nimcha meni u yerga tortdi.
Metaforani ma’lum bir millatning dunyoqarashini aks ettiruvchi unsurlardan biri sifatida
baholanishi tarjimonlar zimmasiga yana bir muammoni – metaforalarni tarjima tilida qaytadan
yaratish masalasiga yanada jiddiyroq yondashish masalasini qo‘yadi. Shunday ekan, muayyan bir
turdagi metaforani o`zga tildan o`z ona tilisiga o`girar ekan tarjimon bir qancha qiyinchiliklarga
duch keladi. Ushbu holatda esa tarjimon tarjimaning bor yog`i bir usulidan emas,balki bir nechta
uslublarini qo`llagan holda yuksak mahorat bilan tarjima qilishiga to`g`ri keladi. Malakali tarjimon
vazifasi muallif g‘oyasini, muallifning reallik tasavvurini, individual mualliflik manazarasini –
shaxsiy o‘ziga xosligini ko‘rish, xususan, metaforik idrokini qayta yaratib berishdan iborat. Bu
maqsadga erishish uchun asl matndagi barcha komponentlarning strukturaviy-mantiqiy aloqalarini
tushunish hamda tarjimada ularni ifodalash muhim ahamiyatga ega. Tajribali tarjimon muallif
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
611
maqsadini aynan aks ettirishga harakat qilishi, demak, matnning strukturaviy mazmuniy
aloqalarini hamda mutanosib mental mazmunni faol saqlab qolishga intilishi kerak
REFERENCES
1.
Бахронова, Д.К. (2015). Гендер и целевые концептуальные гендерные стереотипы //
Гендерные исследования в гуманитарных науках: сб. ст. по матер. III междунар.
науч.-практ. конф. № 3. – Новосибирск: СибАК, 2015.
2.
Вежбицкая, А. (2019). Семантические универсалии и описание языков. – Москва. –
776 с.
3.
Güntekin, R. N. (2012). Dudaktan Kalbe. – Ankara: TDK. – 122 b.
4.
Orifjonovich, O. A. (2023). The Main Features of Conceptual Metaphors in Modern
Linguistics. American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education
(2993-2769), 1(9), 365-371.
5.
Ollomurodov, A. (2023). CINEMA DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND THEORETICAL
FOUNDATIONS IN LINGUISTICS. Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 500-505.
6.
Sulaymonovna, Q. N., Tashpulatovna, K. M., & Orifjonovich, O. A. (2023). COGNITIVE
AND LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF. VOLUME, 3, 30-35.
7.
Sulaymonovna, Q. N., & Orifjonovich, O. A. (2023). XOLID HUSAYNIYNING
ASARLARI TARJIMALARIDA KONSEPTUAL METAFORALAR TALQINI VA.
8.
Ollomurodov, A. (2023). MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY
STUDY OF METAPHOR. Modern Science and Research, 2(9), 136-139.
9.
Orifjonovich, O. A. (2023). METAFORANING KO'P TARMOQLI VA FANLARARO
O'RGANILISHI.
10.
Orifjonovich, O. A. (2023). KINODISKURS LINGVISTIK SISTEMANING BIR QISMI
SIFATIDA. O'ZBEKISTONDA FANLARARO INNOVATSIYALAR VA ILMIY
TADQIQOTLAR JURNALI, 2(23), 208-211.
11.
Orifjonovich, O. A. (2023). Cognitive-Discursive Approach to the Analysis Of Film
Discourse. International Journal Of Literature And Languages, 3(10), 25-31.
12.
Sulaymonovna, Q. N., Tashpulatovna, K. M., & Orifjonovich, O. A. (2023). COGNITIVE
AND LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF METAPHORS. Finland
International Scientific Journal of Education, Social Science & Humanities, 11(3), 849-
854.
13.
Sulaymonovna, Q. N., & Orifjonovich, O. A. (2023, May). XOLID HUSAYNIYNING
ASARLARI TARJIMALARIDA KONSEPTUAL METAFORALAR TALQINI VA
TAHLILI. In Integration Conference on Integration of Pragmalinguistics, Functional
Translation Studies and Language Teaching Processes (pp. 147-150).
14.
Sulaymonovna,
Q.
N.,
&
Orifjonovich,
O.
A.
(2022).
KONSEPTUAL
METAFORALARNING
LINGVOMADANIY
HAMDA
KOGNITIV
XUSUSIYATLARI VA TIL TARAQQIYOTIDA TUTGAN ORNI. Scientific Impulse,
1(3), 594-600.
15.
Sulaymonovna,
Q.
N.,
&
Orifjonovich,
O.
A.
(2022).
KONSEPTUAL
METAFORALARNING
LINGVOMADANIY
HAMDA
KOGNITIV
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
612
XUSUSIYATLARI VA TIL TARAQQIYOTIDA TUTGAN ORNI. Scientific Impulse, 1
(3), 594-600.
16.
Karimova, G. (2023). SKIMMING AND SCANNING. Modern Science and Research,
2(9), 334-335.
17.
Karimova Go’zal Ikhtiyorovna. (2023). MASTERING THE ART OF EFFECTIVE
SPEAKING AND READING: STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING SPEAKING AND
READING SKILLS. International Journal Of Literature And Languages, 3(10), 32–38.
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue10-06
18.
Qurbonova N.R., & Karimova Guzal Ikhtiyorovna. (2023). DEVELOPMENT OF
FANTASY GENRE IN 20TH CENTURY. Intent Research Scientific Journal, 2(5), 1–5.
Retrieved from
https://intentresearch.org/index.php/irsj/article/view/68
19.
Karimova, G. (2023). DEVELOPMENT OF FANTASY GENRE IN 20TH CENTURY.
Modern
Science
and
Research,
2(10),
67–71.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/25307
20.
Karimova, G. (2023). DEVELOPMENT OF LITERARY CRITICISM IN ENGLISH
LANGUAGE IN 20TH CENTURY. Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 411–413.
Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/25308
21.
Adizovna, S. M. (2023). Code-Switching and Multilingualism: Exploring the Dynamics
of Language use in Uzbekistan. American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in
STEM Education (2993-2769), 1(9), 549-553.
22.
Shodieva, M. (2023). UNDERSTANDING SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACH IN THE
ENGLISH CLASSROOM. Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 64-68.
23.
Maftunabonu, S. (2023). THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND
MODERN TEACHING METHODS. Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 829-831.
24.
Shodieva, M. (2023). MASTERING ENGLISH IN A MONTH: EFFECTIVE
STRATEGIES FOR RAPID PROGRESS. In Academic International Conference on
Multi-Disciplinary Studies and Education (Vol. 1, No. 19, pp. 83-87).
25.
Shodieva, M. (2023). DEVELOPING SUMMARY WRITING SKILL IN ACADEMIC
WRITING. Modern Science and Research, 2(9), 140-144.
26.
Khalilova, K. (2023). GROUPING ACTIVITIES FOR ENGLISH LESSONS:
FOSTERING COLLABORATION AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT. Modern
Science and Research, 2(10), 69–74.
27.
Xalilova, K., & Atoyeva, D. (2023). THE USAGE OF IDIOMS IN SPEAKING. Modern
Science and Research, 2(9), 362-364.
28.
Khalilova, K. (2023). ACADEMIC VOCABULARY: HOW TO TEACH AND STUDY
IT. Modern Science and Research, 2(9), 79-83.
29.
Khalilova, K. (2023). MASTERING READING COMPREHENSION: A VITAL SKILL
FOR ACADEMIC SUCCESS. Академические исследования в современной науке,
2(23), 83-89.
30.
Rokhila Bafoeva 2023. The Concept of Education in English and Uzbek
Proverbs.
American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education
(2993-2769)
. 1, 9 (Nov. 2023), 292–296.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
613
31.
Bafoeva, R. (2023). NEW METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES.
Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 58-63.
32.
Pirmanovna, N. G., & Bafoeva, R. (2022). NATIONAL AND CULTURAL PROVERBS
IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES AND THEIR UNIVERSAL FEATURES.
Новости образования: исследование в XXI веке, 1(4), 500-503.
33.
Pirmanovna, N. G., & Bafoeva, R. (2023). INGLIZ VA O’ZBEK MAQOLLARING
GENDER XUSUSIYATLARI.
World of Science
,
6
(5), 167-169.
34.
Pirmanovna, N. G., & Bafoeva, R. (2023). O’ZBEK VA INGLIZ MAQOLLARINING
JAMIYATDAGI
TUTGAN
O’RNI
VA
ULARNING
O’RGANILGANLIK
DARAJASI.
SCIENTIFIC
APPROACH
TO
THE
MODERN
EDUCATION
SYSTEM
,
2
(14), 74-76.
35.
Xasanova, S., & murodova, D. (2023). REPRESENTATION OF THE SYSTEMIC
RELATIONS OF RUSSIAN VOCABULARY IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS.
Modern
Science
and
Research
,
2
(10),
276–280.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/24346
36.
Xasanova, S. (2023). USING EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY IN RUSSIAN
PROVERBS.
Modern Science and Research
,
2
(10), 403–408. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/25248
37.
Баходировна, Х. Ш. (2023). Гендерная Лексика В Русском Языке. International
Journal
of
Formal
Education,
2(11),
324–331.
Retrieved
from
http://journals.academiczone.net/index.php/ijfe/article/view/1505
38.
Hasanova, S. (2023). SYSTEM RELATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
VOCABULARY.
Modern Science and Research
,
2
(9), 72–74. Retrieved from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/23900
39.
Shokir
o’g’li,
S.
U.
(2023).
MAHALLANING
JAMIYAT
IJTIMOIY
TARAQQIYOTIDAGI O’RNI. Научный Фокус, 1(6), 369-371.
40.
O’gli, S. U. S. (2023). ELUCIDATION OF ISSUES OF THE HISTORY OF BUKHARA
GUZARS IN OA SUKHAREVA AND HER STUDIES. International Journal Of History
And Political Sciences, 3(11), 30-35.
41.
Shokir o’gli, S. U. (2023). The Essence of State Policy on Youth in New Uzbekistan.
American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769),
1(9), 554-559.
42.
Shokir O’g’li, S. U. (2023). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MAHALLA SYSTEM’S
REFORMATIONS IN NEW UZBEKISTAN. International Journal Of History And
Political Sciences, 3(10), 25-30.
43.
Berdiyeva, S. U. (2023). THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GAME-BASED LEARNING
AND GAMIFICATION [Data set]. Zenodo.
44.
Berdiyeva, S. (2023). BENEFITS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
THROUGH ROLE-PLAYING ACTIVITIES. MODERN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH,
2(10), 723–729. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10034991
45.
Berdiyeva, S. (2023). A STORY-BASED APPROACH IN TEACHING FOREIGN
LANGUAGE. Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 262-266.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
614
46.
Tursunova Marxabo Raxmonovna. (2023). USING EFFECTIVE METHODS IN THE
PROCESS OF TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR. IMRAS, 6(7), 183–189. Retrieved
from https://journal.imras.org/index.php/sps/article/view/479
47.
Tursunova Marxabo Raxmonovna. (2023). Parallel Korpus Prizmasi Tahlilida Tarjima
Asarlarda Asliyat Muammosi Tadqiqi . American Journal of Language, Literacy and
Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769), 1(9), 311–317. Retrieved from
http://grnjournal.us/index.php/STEM/article/view/1505
48.
Tursunova, M. (2023). USING INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE APPROACH IN
TEACHING GRAMMAR. Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 11-17.
49.
Jabborova, A. (2023). THE CATEGORY OF VOICE IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
Modern
Science
and
Research,
2(7),
430–433.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/22266
50.
Jabborova, A. (2023). WHAT IS DESIGN THINKING?. Talqin Va Tadqiqotlar, 1(13).
извлечено от
http://talqinvatadqiqotlar.uz/index.php/tvt/article/view/941
51.
Jabborova, A. (2023). THE CATEGORY OF PERSON IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
Modern
Science
and
Research,
2(8),
367–375.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/23467
