ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
821
ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIKDA METAFORALARNING TARJIMA
XUSUSIYATLARI VA TADQIQI
Ollomurodov Arjunbek Orifjonovich
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti
Tarix va filologiya kafedrasi ingliz tili fani o`qituvchisi.
E-mail:
ollomurodovarjunbekorifjonovich@oxu.uz
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680154
Annotatsiya. Zamonaviy kognitiv nazariyaga oid tadqiqotlar shuni koʻrsatayaptiki, bir
nechta asosiy nutq uslublariga oid matnlarda, jumladan, ilmiy, kundalik, publitsistik va badiiy
uslublarda, metaforaning keng koʻlamli foydalanilishi mutlaqo tabiiy hodisadir. Ma’lumki,
metaforalar eng koʻp badiiy nutqqa xos boʻlib, badiiy matn tarjimalarida ularni aniq ma’nosini
saqlab qolgan holda yetkazib berish tarjimonga juda koʻp qiyinchiliklarni olib keladi. Ushbu
maqolada metaforalarni tarjima qilishga bo`lgan zamonaviy yondashuv tahlil qilinadi.
Kalit so`zlar: tarjima, uslub, konsept, metaforik tizim, metaforaning saqlanish qonuni,
metaforik fikrlash, konseptual integratsiya.
TRANSLATION FEATURES AND RESEARCH OF METAPHORS IN MODERN
LINGUISTICS
Abstract. Modern cognitive theory research shows that the extensive use of metaphor is a
natural phenomenon in texts of several major discourse styles, including scientific, every day,
journalistic, and artistic styles. It is known that metaphors are characteristic of the most artistic
speech, and delivering them while preserving their exact meaning in translations of artistic texts
brings a lot of difficulties to the translator. This article analyzes the modern approach to
translating metaphors.
Key words: translation, style, concept, metaphorical system, law of conservation of
metaphor, metaphorical thinking, conceptual integration.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МЕТАФОР В
СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИИ.
Аннотация. Исследования современной когнитивной теории показывают, что
широкое использование метафоры является естественным явлением в текстах нескольких
основных стилей дискурса, включая научный, повседневный, публицистический и
художественный стили. Известно, что метафоры характерны для самой
художественной речи, и их передача с сохранением точного смысла при переводе
художественных текстов доставляет переводчику немало трудностей. В данной статье
анализируется современный подход к переводу метафор.
Ключевые слова: перевод, стиль, концепт, метафорическая система, закон
сохранения метафоры, метафорическое мышление, концептуальная интеграция.
Konseptual metaforalarning zamonaviy tarjimashunoslik obyekti sifatida qaralishi ushbu
mexanizmning tarjimasiga boʻlgan turli yondashuvlarning metadologiyasi yuzaga kelishlariga
yordam beradi. Zamonaviy tarjimashunoslar metaforalarning ma’nosini anglash va toʻg’ri tarjima
qilishda integrative yondashuvni asosiy oʻringa qoʻyadi. Metaforalar asardagi yaratuvchanlikni
oshiradi va asl ma’nosi saqlab qolingan metaforalar kitobxon tasavvurini rivojlantiradi. Ushbu
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
822
yondashuv turli olimlarning nazariy tahlillari asosida metaforik soʻz mohiyatini ochishda juda
muhim va uni chet tilida tarjima qilishda chuqur bilim hamda tafakkur talab qilinishini isbotlaydi.
Shu bilan birga konseptual integratsiya orqali metaforik fikrlash, metaforik mexanizm,
metaforaning yaratuvchanlik xususiyati aniqlashtiriladi. Metaforani tarjima qilishning qiyinchiligi
asosan mavjud metaforik tizimlar orasidagi farqli tegishli tillar bilan bog'liq. Masalan, Ingliz
tilidagi metaforik tasvirlar, xarakterli boʻyoqlar, metaforik tarkib va birikmalar koʻpincha rus,
oʻzbek yoki tegishli tilllarda yoʻq boʻlishi mumkin va aksincha. Shuning uchun ingliz tilidagi
matndan metaforalarni shunchaki oʻtkazish har doim ham mumkin emas. Natijada, vaqti-vaqti
bilan metaforik tasvirni oʻsha ma’noviy birlikni saqlab qolgan xolda oʻzgartirish zarurati yuzaga
keladi. Bu almashtirish asl nusxaning ifoda darajasini saqlab qolish va tarjimani koʻproq qilish
idiomatik shakllantirishga yordam beradi. Tarjima nazariyasida "metaforaning saqlanish qonuni"
mavjud boʻlib, unga koʻra, metaforik tasvir, iloji boricha, tarjima paytida saqlanishi kerak. Ushbu
qonunga rioya qilmaslik iboraning ma'nosi oʻzgaradi va uning estetik va pragmatik ta'siri pasayishi
kabi oqibatlarga olib keladi. V.N.Vovk ta'kidlaganidek, asl metaforalarning tarjima jarayonida
tushurib qoldirilishi "jiddiy va juda keng tarqalgan buzilish vositalaridan biri" sifatida koʻriladi.
Adabiyot metaforalarga boy boʻlgan soha sanaladi. Ye.B.Kryukova bu holatni quyidagicha
izohlaydi: “Adabiyot shunchaki vaqti-vaqti bilan metaforadan foydalanib turmaydi, balki uning
koʻp maʼnoliligiga tayanadi, ijodiy ilhom manbai sifatida xizmat qiluvchi tilning ushbu salohiyati
va qudratidan quvvat oladi”. Ya’ni badiiy asarlarning tili hamda uning ifodalanish koʻlami mana
shu kabi stilistik koʻchimlarga bog’liq. Insonning aqliy faoliyati natijasi boʻlgan ushbu mental
qurilma faqatgina falsafa va tilshunoslik sohalari bilan chegaralanib qolmay inson tajribasidagi har
qanday sohalarga kirib borgan. Metafora yozuvchining tili, madaniyati, tarixi hamda tafakkurini
oʻzida mujassamlashtirgan fenomen boʻlib, tarjimonlar uchun tilni borligicha yaqqol koʻrsatib
beruvchi jonli vositalardan biridir. Chunki metafora orqali inson va uning atrofidagi jonli muhitni
anglash va his qilish mumkin. Shuning uchun ham, tarjimashunoslikda metaforalarning tarjima
qilinishidagi muommolarni hal qilish muhim oʻrin tutadi. Tarjimashunos olim Nyumarkning
taʼkidlashicha, tarjimon oʻz faoliyati davomida ikki yirik muammoga duch kelishi mumkin: toʻliq
matn uchun eng sara tarjima uslubini tanlash va metaforalarni toʻgʻri tarjima qilish.
Chunki, aynan metaforalarning toʻg’ri talqini tarjimondan oʻziga xos mahorat va tajribani
talab qiladi. Metaforalar tarjima jarayonida oddiy soʻzlardan ajratiladi va bu esa tarjima jarayonini
murakkablashtiradi. Bu esa aynan metaforalar tarjimasiga xos boʻlgan oʻziga xos yondashuv ishlab
chiqlishini taqazo etadi. A.V.Nimirovskaya metafora tarjimasining murakkablik jihatlarini
oʻrganar ekan, bunday serqirra maʼno kasb etuvchi tushuncha tarjimasida integrativ yondashuv
lozimligini taʼkidlaydi. Ushbu yondashuvning yuzaga kelishiga va tarjimada keng koʻlamli
qoʻllanilishiga sabab bu zamonaviy tilshunoslikda vujudga kelayotgan yangi yoʻnalishlar,
jumladan,
kognitiv
tilshunoslik,
pragmatik
tilshunoslik,
neyrolingvistika,
lingvomadaniyatshunoslik kabilar asos qilib olingan.
Ushbu fikrlar shuning yaqqol daliliki, konseptual metaforalarni tarjima qilishda umumiy
xizmat uchun birlashgan turli faktorlardan iborat kognitiv yondashuvni talab qiladi. Ushbu jarayon
mental jarayon boʻlib, inson tafakkuri jarayoni bilan bog’liqdir. K.L.Filatova ushbu jarayon inson
miyasining toʻrt qismiga boʻlinib boshqarilishini va uning neyrobiolog hamda neyrofiziologlar
tomonidan chuqur oʻrganilishini taʼkidlaydi. Olimaning tahliliga koʻra, inson miyasi tomonidan
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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qabul qilinayotgan axborotlarning reallik darajasini aniqlash ularning metaforik fikrlash holati
bilan chambarchas bogʻliq. Basharti inson bir tur mohiyatida ikkinchi tur tasvirini koʻrar ekan va
shu tasvir tilda aks ettirilib, boshqa nom olgan soʻz tinglovchi tomonidan ham aynan birinchisi
kabi tushunilarkan, bu hodisa miyadagi fiziologik jarayonlarni oʻrganishni talab etadi. Metaforik
jumlalarning batafsil tahlil etilishining sababi ham shundan iborat.
Olim ushbu fikrlari bilan inson
miyasining va uning aqliy faoliyatining metaforalar shakllanishidagi roli va ahamiyatini izohlaydi.
Istalgan koʻchimning shakllanishida inson miya faoliyatida muhim oʻrin tutuvchi neyronlar
ishtirok etadi.
Ushbu tahlillar badiiy tasviriy ifodalar va koʻchimlarni tushinish, qabul qilish hamda
yetkazib berishni taʼminlaydi. Metaforalarning asosida yaratuvchanlik xususiyatining tamoyillari
aks etadi. Xuddi ushbu holatga ham metaforalarni tarjima qilish jarayonida oʻzgacha yondashiladi.
Bunda inson miyasi toʻrtta qismga boʻlinib, har birida metaforik jarayonni shakllanish
bosqichlari amalga oshadi. Olimlarning tadqiqotiga koʻra konseptual metaforalar dastlab badiiy
asarlar tilida ayniqsa she’riyatda paydo boʻladi deb ishonilgan. Ya’ni inson ongida voqealar
jarayonini tahlil etish, tasavvur qilish va hissiy anglash jarayoni tafakkur orqali idrok etish bilan
uzviy bog’liqdir. Xalqlarning oʻzaro tajriba almashinuvi va madaniy muloqotlargina boshqa
olamning kashf etilishiga sabab boʻlishi mumkin.
Shuning uchun ham olimlar metaforalar tarjimasi jarayonida integrativ yondashuv orqali
ularni har tomonlama oʻrganib, asl holatini saqlab qolish hamda undagi asosiy mohiyatni ochib
berish choralarini izlashmoqda. Fikrning batafsil tahlili harakat oqibati va ularni bartaraf etish
yoʻllarini koʻrsatishi bilan birgalikda tarjima jarayonida maqsadni toʻgʻri tushuntirib berishga
xizmat qiladi.
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