DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY - AS A NEW APPROACH TO
THE PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS
Rakhimova Mukaddas Ibragimovna,
Tashkent State University of Applied Sciences
Associate Professor of the "History" Department,
Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Ph.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10463012
Abstract
An effective ways of state and new trends of government administration have been analyzed in the present
research. The main features of the strategy are revealed as an important factor in the development of country.
Consequently, the reforms of the administrative system, including the State program "Dialogue with the
people and human interests" have been discussed in the article. In addition, there have been proposed factors
to achieve effective results in the near future.
Key words:
Democratization, state authority, concept, reform, effective management, strategy.
INTRODUCTION
Throughout the centuries of history,
mankind has aspired to put state power at the service
of the benefit of people and the development of
society. Nevertheless, before the introduction into
practice of the principle of separation of powers of
political and legal, modern theoretical views in a
legitimate way, a state system aimed at the benefit
of humanity as such was not observed.
As it became known, this theory is the most
stable transformation in the process of perfect
democratization of state power and management, in
which the consistent application of the principles of
separation of power in life is aimed at taking urgent
measures, such as the formation of an effective
system of balance of mutual interests between them.
THE ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE
AND METHODS
Certain methods widely used in the
framework of political science and research:
analysis, synthesis, analogy, modeling and the
method of thought experiment.
RESULTS AND THEIR ANALYSIS
It is known that the Development Strategy has started a
qualitatively new era in the development of Uzbekistan.
According to the information, strategy is the direction of
implementation of reforms in the social, political, and
economic spheres, the foundation of all efforts, and the
style of management art typical for the period of radical
change in the life of the state and society.
Its characteristic for today can be explained as follows: in
the present complex period, it is to achieve a free and
prosperous state of Uzbekistan, to fundamentally improve
people's lives, to strengthen the confidence in the future in
the hearts of every person. Therefore, the strategy came to
the field as a mechanism for the implementation of the
necessary constructive ideas in consistency.
The strategy is also a concept of coordination of the entire
society and the state system based on the professionalism
of the public administration system. Because its essence is
made up of political, strategic and tactical categories that
are important in leadership and management from a
theoretical and practical point of view.
Let's take a look at the concept, meaning and essence of
strategy. According to information, the strategy is the
direction of implementation of reforms in the social,
political, and economic spheres, the foundation of all
efforts, and the art of management, which is typical for the
period of radical change in the life of the state and society.
Its characteristic for today can be explained as follows: in
the present complex period, it is to achieve a free and
prosperous state of Uzbekistan, to fundamentally improve
people's lives, to strengthen the confidence in the future in
the hearts of every person. Therefore, the strategy came to
the field as a mechanism for the implementation of the
necessary constructive ideas in consistency.
Strategy is a real action program of renewal processes.
President Sh. Mirziyoev describes that this document is
being implemented consistently. We agree that the strategy
has shown us a clear path to building a democratic state
and a just society. It is time to use it constructively and
implement rapid development measures under rational
critical analysis. Our task is to consistently carry out the
activities included in the state program on time and with
high quality. Development of daily, monthly and annual
(current) plans and activities approved in the strategy and
implemented in harmony and consistency. The strategy
was also observed in the policy that mastered the activities
of the state power and management bodies.
Consequently, the transition to democracy required a
strategically and tactically strong presidency. However,
the President should not only implement the
modernization of the society, but should have the
opportunity to eliminate and eliminate the effects of
destructive processes in the society," the sources say. In
addition, despite the differences between all developed
countries, there is a consensus that it is possible to achieve
a decent standard of living for all citizens of the society by
organizing the ways of effective management of the
society. In this regard, the "Strategy of actions on the five
priority directions of the development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan in 2017-2021" initiated by the President serves
as an important program that will serve as a basis for the
development of not only five years, but also for several
decades after that, the fate and prospects of Uzbekistan for
many years, - emphasizes Professor N. Joraev. Therefore,
in our opinion, the fulfillment of priority tasks in each
direction of the development strategy will serve as an
indicator of effective results in the near future.
The existence of a mechanism of “mutual
retention and balance” and at the same time, its
actual functioning forms the basis of the essence of
the classical principle of separation of powers. In
Uzbekistan, the formation of State power based on
the principle of separation of powers and theory on
a constitutional basis indicates the establishment of
a democratic system in our country. It is worth
noting that this principle does not deny the unity of
power, it denies dictatorship
. The unity of power
ensures mutual cooperation, the interaction of
industries, and also prevents the concentration of
power in the hands of one industry. At the same
time, the principle of separation of powers is
expressed not only in the scope of equal competence
of industries, mutual independence and mutual
control, but also in interaction in the implementation
of political reforms. In this regard, the concept
defines the scope of rational activity and practical
actions of the state in management and makes it
possible to create an atmosphere of stability in the
political life of the country, a mechanism of mutual
balance between authorities.
It is known that, in the practice of countries
that have achieved democratic development, there
has been a common practice for a long time, the
message of the state leader to the country's
parliament. The existence of such a political
institution for countries moving forward on
democratization may be a primitive phenomenon.
But, for a nation that lived under the domination of
a despotic system for a century and a half, the state
leader's message to the country's parliament, as if on
purpose, it was in the spirit of critical analysis, was
a completely new political phenomenon in a new
democratic
period
of
future
history.
The
implementation of the State leader's message to
Parliament in this way on the implementation of the
internal and external affairs of the country,
democratic governance of the state serves not only
reforms on a wide scale, but also an appropriate
mechanism of public administration that meets the
principles of meeting with the people. In such a
contradictory action of the mechanism of socio-
political life, the following criteria function
harmoniously: state and civil society, power and
freedom,
public
administration
and
public
participation, the people's and state apparatus, the
interests of citizens and responsibility to society. In
1
The word "dictatorship" is taken from the Latin
dictatura, meaning "unlimited power."
this combination of opposite sides, in order to have
harmony, it will largely be the reason for how state
power and management are organized, the effective
use of new approaches in practice in improving the
system of building the state and society.
We know that before the country gained
independence, the issues of the state system and
governance were radically different from the state
system and governance of European countries. Such
a difference was huge in the field of management
[2]. These and other absolutely positive changes
have been made thanks to our independence. Thanks
to the large-scale reforms carried out during the
years of independence, experience has been
accumulated, the system has been updated: the
totalitarian regime has been eliminated, rational
approaches in the styles and methods of statehood
have been formed. A wide path to democratic
principles is open. In the activities and style of work
of President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, this popular
government is manifested, the prevailing feeling of
rapprochement with the people, the separation of
their everyday problems and joys. All this leads to
harmony of the common goals of the state leader and
citizens, as a result of which general stability and
deepening of the compassionate mood in Uzbekistan
are achieved. And that large–scale reforms are being
carried out in all spheres, implementing the principle
of “people's interests above all” with the help of
effective mechanisms, that our goal is not the people
should serve state bodies, but state bodies should
serve the people. Today, in the period of acquiring
stable public administration in civil society, where
society can more and more openly and boldly call all
things by their proper names, then its political
position becomes more important and relevant in a
period of improving understanding of its scale and
effectiveness.
Certainly, in our country, Uzbekistan, in
the stronghold of the present process of progress, the
complete optimization of the competence of
executive authorities as a democratic method of
government, opens the way for independent
activities in the performance of their tasks. When it
comes to public administration, let's initially think
about the concept of “governance". While
management factors are diverse in the scientific
literature, in this regard it is understood in different
ways. This is not only the diversity of points of view,
but also the essence and guidelines that form the
concept of management. The term “effective
management” reveals the essence of management in
the most worthy way, i.e. it has an awakening,
changing, compelling and changeable effect on
people's consciousness, action and activity. Unlike
the usual impact, managerial impact includes several
basic elements: the concept and analysis, definition,
formation, coordination, ordering, control of goals,
evaluation of results and planning of new steps [3].
Consequently, the management mechanism, along
with being a social management, is also a specific
system consisting of an association of specially
planned, formed state-economic, political-party,
social and collective institutions.
Despite the existence of special public
administration in different states, it is possible to
assert a global trend in the integration of common
principles and approaches in the field of public
administration. Meanwhile, as our society reaches
the moment of perfection, problems become more
complicated, managerial work increases, its
specialization is grouped. Now there are such
organizations that define important tasks for solving
that were not previously considered as “general
issues” [4]. This is determined by the fact that
government, on the one hand, is considered a
mechanism that implements the targeted leadership
power of the state over society and local systems, on
the other hand, it is considered a special type of
activity that implements legislative, executive,
judicial and other competencies, protection of rights
and educational and educational functions. In
addition, the term “public administration” defines
the theory of scientific knowledge.
The
scientific
object
of
public
administration is the state and the state apparatus,
various divisions of municipal and public
administration bodies, institutions and systems. It is
also known that the nature of objective-subjective
relations describes public administration in a broad
and narrow sense. Public administration in a broad
sense is all areas of public administration, as well as
public works management performed by local
governments. Public administration in the narrow
sense is the activity of the executive power in the
implementation of the company's work through the
forms of ordering and controlling the appropriate
execution. In this sense, public administration has a
clearly defined binding, coordinating definition [5].
The
specific
features
of
public
administration are correctly described above.
Logically, public administration expresses the
functions of various industries regulating the
organizational, operational, and administrative
activities of state executive bodies aimed at
implementing laws in public, cultural, economic,
and administrative fields. The main thing is that
activity in public administration, on the one hand,
opposes traditionally political activity, on the other
hand, activities that form a political government [6].
Since this is so, the essence of public administration,
form and method is determined by the political
consciousness and culture of the people, the political
character of the people, national-cultural and socio-
political development, the specificity of the
historical conditions of statehood, professionalism
and the will of the ruling elite, the form of the system
and the political system. But the influence of an
external factor requires each state to reform its
administrative system, which is responsive to the
ongoing global changes. These changes ensure that,
in a market economy, government spending and
government functions are reduced. They also lead to
an increase in the quality of public services, the
formation of a full-fledged civil society and, of
course, to strengthening the faith of the majority of
the population in public authorities [7]. All this
means the beginning of a completely new qualitative
period in government practice.
The current success of our development, as
its practical reflection, is manifested in the creative
features of the harmony of public administration
with
outstanding traditions, at the heart of
democratic governance mechanisms, and in the
intensive progress of creative mood. Similarly, it is
switching to the principles of joint management of
an open civil society by the state leader and citizens,
providing for the modernization of the country and
the abolition of governance. As a confirmation of
this, Sh. Mirziyoyev, in his speech upon assuming
the post of President of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
said: “Our task, based on accumulated experience
and best international practice, is the final
implementation of our model of development and
renewal. In this regard, we must act decisively to
achieve the set milestones in the near and medium
term. To this end, the Development Strategy planned
for the development of Uzbekistan in 2022-2026
will be completed in the coming days” [8]. Indeed,
an important practical program of sustainable
direction, the concept of future development, which
covers
the
State
Program
containing
“Communication with the people and human
interests” has been developed with all due care.
Now, the competent leader of state power and
management, the head of state, the President,
guarantees effective joint activities for the correct
distribution of powers between the legislative and
executive authorities. Consequently, the process of
transition to democracy requires a strong presidency
strategically and tactically. The sources state that
“The President should be able not only to implement
modernization, but also to eliminate and eradicate
the influence of inflammatory processes” [9]. Also,
now all developed countries, despite their
differences, through the organization of effective
management of society, come to a consensus that it
is possible to achieve an appropriate standard of
living suitable for each member of society. From this
it can be concluded that the need for public
administration depends on the effective use of
natural, material, labor and information resources,
on the fair distribution of income and the guarantee
of basic social rights, on the implementation of
public policy aimed at preserving public order. At
the same time, the issue of modernization of public
administration
aimed
at
optimizing
public
administration and strengthening the sense of
responsibility for providing high-quality and selfless
services to the population is becoming especially
relevant [10]. An objective analysis of practical
large-scale work shows that there is a great need for
a systematic solution to the problems and
shortcomings of public administration and direct
communication with the population. For this
purpose, in the new historical conditions emerging
in Uzbekistan, during in-depth consideration,
serious study and generalization of statements and
proposals received from the local population, a draft
of the first Decree of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan “On the strategy of actions for the
further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan”
was developed and submitted for discussion to the
general population.
The truth of the Development Strategy,
adopted at the right time, means speaking on behalf
of the people, taking care of their well–being. In fact,
the truth itself is an idea, the point is that this idea
will work or not. Time will definitely express its
attitude to this. By the way, let's consider the concept
of strategy, its meaning and essence. According to
the data, the strategy is the main direction of the
implementation of social, political, and economic
reforms, the foundation of all efforts, the method of
the art of management, characteristic of a radical
turning point in the life of the state and society.
Therefore, the strategy is a mechanism for
implementing the necessary constructive ideas. The
strategy is a concept that brings the entire system of
the state and society into line on the basis of
professionalism. Because, in its essence, we see a
harmony of important political, strategic and tactical
categories that is necessary in the leadership of
theoretical and practical terms. Their difference lies
in the fact that the strategy provides for daily,
monthly, annual (current) approved plans and
measures to address them. In politics, manifested in
the activities of state authorities and governing
bodies, there is also a harmony of strategy.
He says that the truth of the Development
Strategy adopted at the right time is to speak on
behalf of the people, to bear their pain. In our
opinion, in fact, the truth itself is an idea, it is a
matter of working and not working of this idea.
Now, the head of state, the President, who is the
authorized leader of state power and administration,
guarantees the establishment of consistent and
mutually effective activities of the legislative and
executive authorities in accordance with the
principle of the distribution of powers. In our
opinion, now, our task is to carry out the activities
included in the state program in a timely manner and
with high quality. Development of daily, monthly
and annual (current) plans and activities approved in
the strategy and implemented in harmony and
consistency. It is worth noting that the strategy is
aimed at ensuring sustainable development, and the
global goals and tasks of the country, which must be
fulfilled not only today, but also in the coming
decades, have been expressed. The strategy was also
observed in the policy that mastered the activities of
the state power and management bodies. "Politics is
the aggregation and integration of strategy and
tactics into a single effective system," says the
professor. T. Alimardonov. We agree with his
opinion, because its essence is made up of political,
strategic and tactical categories that are important in
leadership and management from a theoretical and
practical point of view.
In accordance with these views, Professor
V. Quint, the author of the book "Theory and
Practice of Strategizing": Strategy certainly ensures
long-term success in development - when the system
of goals in it is consistently and fully implemented.
The author acknowledges that, following a strict
logical sequence, the mission considers the main
categories of strategy, such as foresight, ability to
determine the goal, setting tasks, choosing a
strategic scenario, setting tactics, and developing the
policy of the strategic object one by one. Therefore,
the strategy structure is functionally applied in the
long-term purposeful implementation of the
mechanism of activity in the development process.
Today, the processes of reforming all aspects of
social life, a radical fundamental change in the
consciousness of citizens, open democratic forms of
organization of society - simplified methods of
relations between man and society, citizen and state
are taking place, and activity has begun to be
observed in the social and political spheres of the
country.
We see that today the society is more and
more open and focused on efficiency, and the socio-
political stable state administration, which can call
everything by its name, is at a time when its political
status, scope and efficiency are being fundamentally
updated and gaining importance and relevance from
the point of view of political practice. Such a
consistent continuation of the process, democratic
changes pave the way for the improvement of the
powers of the state power, optimization of the
activities of its branches, the creation of an effective
and acceptable system of state power and
management,
independent
activity
in
the
performance of their tasks.
We know that these changes are a socio-
political phenomenon that is inconsistent with the
scope and purpose of the reforms. The most
important thing is that if citizens take an active part
in the ongoing reforms, rely on the will of the
people, understand the nature of fundamental
changes, and support the reforms, there is a general
belief that the goals and tasks set for renewal and
modernization of the country will certainly be
fulfilled. So, today, in the activities of state power
and management, a mechanism of activity has been
created in accordance with the principle of
communication with the people, the main factor of
which is the citizen.
According to the author of the book
“Theory and Practice of Strategization”, Professor
V. Quint, a strategy in development will ensure
long-term success when the system of goals is
implemented sequentially and completely in it. The
author, observing a logical sequence, considers the
main categories of the strategy, each separately, the
mission of foresight, knowledge of the definition of
the goal, the definition of tasks, the choice of a
strategic scenario, the design of tactics, the
development of the policy of the object of
strategization [11]. So, the structure of the strategy
is functionally applied to the long-term target
implementation of the mechanism of action in the
development process. In this sense, our opinion
expresses the need for a strategy of action that
defines the directions of development outlined in the
election program of the head of state. Separately, we
state that the essence of the Strategy, characteristic
of today in a difficult period, is for Uzbekistan to
achieve being a free and prosperous state, radically
improving people's lives, ensuring a peaceful and
happy life, strengthening everyone's confidence in
the future.
By the way, the development Action
strategy in five directions will also include a simple,
simplified, popular principle of building a just and
humane society and programs have been developed
to ensure effective communication with the people.
According to the program, the state creates a stable
mechanism of action for the modernization of socio-
political life, for the democratization of the system
of state power, based on the principles of
democracy, simplification of their methods of
activity. In this regard, the requirement set by the
state leader “Not the people should serve state
institutions, but state institutions should serve the
people” leads to the sustainability of the principles
of social justice, achieving the priority of the law,
ensuring equality of all before the law. As a practical
reflection of this fair trend, primary projects of
mechanisms for studying relations between the state
and society, that is, for communicating with the
people, have begun. However, in the old days,
communication with the people happened in
different ways. Some rulers, in order to study
people's problems, changed their clothes and
appearance, walked around cities and villages at
night, or in the time of Emir Timur the Happy,
through people who came with complaints, the
conditions and conditions of their lives were studied.
We want to say that in the history of our statehood,
communication with the people was conducted not
according to a certain order and principle or laws and
rules, but at the request of the rulers and personal
.
2
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English.
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995. р. 1065
location. Now people's lives, lifestyles, worries and
experiences are being studied by a specially
developed system activity. A new facet of the
mechanism of communication with the people is the
virtual reception room of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, which accepts his
continuous participation at the initiative of the
population. Among the people, it is called a portal.
Portal [
] – in Latin means “gate".
Our people
interpret the word “portal” in the meaning of an
institution that regularly accepts the problems of the
population, complaints, suggestions and appeals.
Meanwhile, the word portal has turned into a term
worthy of respect, which is certainly able to
establish justice in morality, in the system of
communication of the people.
Our esteemed President has chosen a
simple and simplified democratic way of
governance, the responsibility of proximity to the
people. This is the simple trend of truth, which will
ensure justice, it is necessary in the conscientious,
honest and effective activities of officials in the
performance of their duties, fully observing the law.
Also, with one of the common ways to be closer to
the people, an effective activity system has been
created that establishes direct communication with
the people, protecting their legitimate interests, daily
worries, and life problems.
So, public administration has a special
place among all types of administration. This is due
to the fact that, on the one hand, public
administration is considered a mechanism that
implements the purposeful leadership power of the
state over society and all its subsystems. On the
other hand, it is a specific type of activity for the
implementation of legislative, executive, judicial
and
other
powers,
law
enforcement,
law
enforcement and educational tasks. In addition, the
term "government" also describes the field of
scientific knowledge theory. The scientific object of
public administration consists of various divisions,
institutes and systems of the state and state
apparatus, municipal, public administration bodies.
Also, it is clear that the nature of objective-
subjective relations defines public administration in
a broad and narrow sense. Public administration in a
broad sense is the management of public affairs
carried out by all branches of state power, as well as
self-government bodies. Public administration in the
narrow sense is the activity of the executive power
in the conduct of public affairs through the form of
appropriate execution, command and control. In this
sense, public administration has a clearly expressed
commanding,
coordinating
and
regulating
description.
In terms of general logic, more precisely, it
means the purposeful organizational, legal,
executive-administrative and regulatory activities of
the system of state executive authorities, which
implement state management functions in various
sectors
and
socio-cultural,
economic
and
administrative spheres on the basis of laws and in
their implementation. Importantly, the activity in
public administration traditionally contrasts political
activity on the one hand with activity that forms
political direction on the other. Therefore, the
essence, form and style of state administration, the
political consciousness and culture of the people, the
political character of the people, the national-
cultural and socio-political development of society,
the uniqueness of the historical conditions of
statehood, the professionalism and will of the ruling
elite, the structure of the state and the political order
is determined. However, the influence of the
external environment requires each country to
reform its administrative system to respond to the
ongoing global changes. These changes lead to a
decrease in state output and performance of state
functions in the market economy. It will also lead to
an increase in the quality of public services, the
creation of a full-fledged civil society, and, of
course, the strengthening of the trust of the majority
of the population in the state authorities. All this
means that the state has started a qualitatively new
era in practice.
CONCLUSION
Of course, the basis of the current rapid
development process in Uzbekistan, as a democratic
style of state management, is the optimization of the
legal norms of the powers of the administrative
bodies, which paves the way for making
independent decisions based on the requirements of
the law and local conditions during the performance
of their official duties. All this means that the society
of Uzbekistan has started a completely new era in
terms of quality. Along with this, the issue of
modernization of public administration aimed at
strengthening the sense of responsibility for
providing high-quality and objective services to the
population, optimizing the management mechanism
of state administration bodies, is becoming
especially urgent. At this point, of course, the
simple, simple, popular principle of building a just
and humane society was put forward in the Strategy
of Actions on the five directions of development,
and programs for ensuring effective communication
with the people were developed. According to the
program, the trends of modernization of social and
political life, democratization of the state power
system, popularization of the way of their activity
create a mechanism of stable work based on the
principle of nationalism. Considering the above
mentioned points, it is possible to come to the
conclusion that the demands of society from the
point of view of democracy and human benefits to
the government are much higher. Of course, the
society wants to consider the management in the
activity of state power networks as effective in all
respects. It also reminds that there is a need to widely
introduce intuitive management, based on the study
of objective and subjective factors, which will allow
to effectively solve social problems and ensure
consistent development of society. Thus, in 2017, a
completely new institution was created in the
activities of the Department of state Power – along
with the Virtual Reception Room of the President of
the Republic of Uzbekistan – Public reception
rooms. It is significant that public reception rooms
here have become not only listening to citizens'
complaints, but also an optimal practical project that
solves unresolved topical problems at all levels of
government and within the competence of
government bodies. It is appropriately explained that
this indicates an increased sense of belonging to the
prosperity of our country, to the improvement of the
well-being of our people. Of course, from a political
point of view, all this is a phenomenal phenomenon
in the practice of management, in the activities of
state power.
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[11].2017-2021yillarda
O'zbekiston
Respublikasini rivojlantirishning beshta ustuvor
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bilan muloqot va inson mafaatlari yili"da amalga
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[12].Harakatlar strategiyasi asosida jadal
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