ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
455
KIMYOVIY HOLATNI BAHOLASH VA TAXLIL QILISH
Muradov Sirojiddin Husan o‘g‘li
Qarshi muhandislik-iqtisodiyot instituti
“Mehnat muhofazasi va texnika xavfsizligi”
kafedrasi stajyor-o‘qituvchisi
Qarshi, O‘zbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10828083
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada, kimyoviy holatni baholash, taxlil qilish usllari hamda
sano’at obektlarida REMni aniqlash, kimyoviy holatni baholashda havoning turg’unlik darajasi
belgilari haqida muallifning nazariy, ummumlashtiruvchi fikrlari keltirilgan. Maqola mehnat
muhoazasi va texnika xavfsizligi yunalishlari talablari, mehnat muhofazasi va xavfsizlik
mutaxassislari hamda keng izlanuvchilar uchun muljallangan.
Kalit so‘zlar va iboralar
: “Kimyoviy holat, kimyoviy holatni baholash, xavfsizlik, KTZM,
izotermiya, konveksiya, sanoat korxonalari, agressiv moddalar”.
CHEMICAL STATUS ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
Abstract.
In this article, the author's theoretical and general opinions about chemical state
assessment, analysis methods and determination of REM in industrial facilities, signs of air
stagnation level in chemical state assessment are presented. The article is intended for the
requirements of labor protection and technical safety directions, labor protection and safety
specialists, and general readers.
Key words and phrases:
"Chemical state, assessment of chemical state, safety, KTZM,
isotherm, convection, industrial enterprises, aggressive substances"
ОЦЕНКА И АНАЛИЗ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ
Аннотация.
В статье изложены теоретические и общие взгляды автора об оценке
химического состояния, методах анализа и определения РЗМ в промышленных объектах,
признаках уровня застоя воздуха при оценке химического состояния. Статья
предназначена для требований направлений охраны труда и технической безопасности,
специалистов по охране труда и технике безопасности, а также широкого круга
читателей.
Ключевые слова и фразы:
«Химическое состояние, оценка химического состояния,
безопасность, КТЗМ, изотерма, конвекция, промышленные предприятия, агрессивные
вещества».
Kirish.
Kimyoviy holat deb- dushman tomonidan kimyoviy qurollar ishlatilganda, yoki
kimyoviy obyektlarda halokat yuz berganda atrof-muhitga kuchli ta’sir etuvchi zaharli moddalar
(KTZM) tarqalganligi natijasida hosil bo‘lgan sharoitga aytiladi.
Kimyoviy holatni baholash deganda – kuchli ta’sir etuvchi zaharli moddalarni odamlarga,
hayvonlarga, suv va boshqa obyektlarga ta’sir etish darajasini aniqlash hamda kimyoviy hujum
yoki ishlab chiqarish tarmoqlaridagi falokat oqibatlarini tugatish uchun eng maqbul uslubni
tanlash tushuniladi.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
456
Tadqiqot
metodlari.
Tadqiqot jarayonida ilmiy va o‘quv-uslubiy adabiyotlar tahlili,
pedagogik-tarixiy kuzatuv, umumlashtirish, metodlaridan foydalanildi.
Tadqiqot natijalari va muhokamalar.
Kimyoviy holatni baxolashda bashorat usuli
bo‘yicha zaxarlangan xavoning tarqalishi uchun qulay bo‘lgan sharoitda (inversiya, shamol tezligi
1m|s. da) ob’ektdagi barcha KTZM zaxiralarining tashqariga chiqib ketishi (to‘qilish) oqibatlarini
o‘rganish orqali aniqlanadi. Kimyoviy holatni baholashda quyidagi ma’lumotlarga tayaniladi:
• zaharli moddalarning turi va uning ishlatilgan vaqti;
• zaharli moddaning ishlatilish vositasi;
• zaharli moddaning ishlatilgan joyi;
• Shamolning tezligi va yo’naliShi;
• havo va yerning harorati;
• kimyoviy shikastlanishning miqyosi va tavsifini aniqlash;
• havoning turg’unlik darajasi (inversiya, izoteriya va konveksiya);
• fuqarolarning himoyalanish darajasi.
Kimyoviy holatni baholashda havoning turg’unlik darajasini bilish muhim ahamiyatga ega,
chunki aynan havoning holatiga ko’ra kimyoviy shikastlanish hududining miqyosi, hamda
talofotlanish hajmi sarhisob qilinadi.
Havoning vertikal turg’unligi uchta darajaga bo’linadi: inversiya, izotermiya va
konveksiya (1-rasm).
1-rasm Ob-havo ma’lumotlariga ko’ra havoning vertikal turg’unlik darajasini baholash
Shamol
tezligi, m/s
Kechqurun
Kunduzi
Ochiq
Yarim ochiq
Bulutli
Ochiq
Yarim ochiq Bulutli
0,5
Inversiya
0,6…2
2,1…4
4 dan
yuqori
Izotermiya
odatda kechqurungi vaqtlarda qo’yosh botiShiga taxminan 1 soatlar qolganda
vujudga keladi va qo’yiSh botgandan 1 soatlardan keyin u parchalanib ketadi. Inversiyada
havoning pastki qatlami yuqori qatlamidan sovuqroq bo’ladi hamda bu holat zaharlangan
havoning balandlikka tarqaliShiga qarShilik ko’rsatadi va zaharlangan havo uzoqroq vaqt
saqlaniShiga qulay Sharoit yaratib beradi.
Izotermiya
- havoning muvozanatini barqarorligi bilan tavsiflanadi. U ko’proq bulutli
havoga xos, lekin inversiyadan konveksiyaga (ertalabki vaqtlarda) va aksincha (kechqurungi
vaqtlarda) o’tiSh soatlari ham vujudga keliShi mumkin.
Konveksiya
odatda, quyosh chiqiShidan 2 soat keyin hosil bo’ladi va quyosh botiShidan
2-2,5 soat oldin buziladi. Bu ko’proq yozgi ochiq kunlarda kuzatiladi.
Konveksiyada
havoning pastki qatlamlari yuqoridagilaridan ko’ra ancha issiq bo’ladi va
bunday holat zaharlangan havoning tez tarqaliShiga, oqibatda zaharlanish ta’sirining kamayiShiga
olib keladi. SHuning uchun havo ochiq, quyosh chiqib turgan vaqtda zararlangan bulutlarni xavfli
Izotermiya
Izotermiy
a
Konveksiya
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
457
konsentratsiyada tarqaliSh chuqurligi ikki marta kamayadi, inversiya holatlarida (havo oqimi yer
yuzasi bo’ylab harakat qilayotgan vaqtda) zaharlovchi moddadan zararlangan bulutlar xavfli
konsentratsiyasini tarqaliSh chuqurligi 1,5-2 marta ortadi, u taxminan 50 kmni tashkil qilishi
mumkin.
Kimyo zavodlari joylashgan Shaharlardagi ba’zi-bir KTZM larning fuqarolarga
bo‘ladigan xavfi
Shahar
Obyekt
KTZM
ZaharlaniShi
mumkin bo‘lgan
mintaqadagi odamlar
soni
Navoiy
Navoiy azot I.Ch.B.
ammiak, xlor
99250
Samarqand
Mineral o‘g‘it I.Ch.
zavodi
ammiak, xlor
55130
Olmaliq
Kimyo zavodi
ammiak, xlor
1710
Angren
Tillo koni
ammiak, xlor
450
Chirchiq
Elektroximprom I.Ch.B.
ammiak, xlor
39400
Farg‘ona
Farg‘ona azot
ammiak, xlor
607300
Xulosa
. Kimyoviy sharoitni baholash quydagicha o’tkaziladi:
1. Razvedka ma’lumotlariga qarab kimyoviy zararlanish o’chog’i chiziladi va unda
zaharlovchi moddalar bulutining taxminiy chuqurligi hamda uning turg’unligi ko’rsatiladi.
2. Zararlangan bulutning harakat tezligi Shamolning tezligiga bog’liq bo’ladi, chuqurligi
esa zaharlovchi moddaning turiga, fizik-kimyoviy xossaga, shamol tezligiga, joylarning
xususiyatiga va atmosferaning turg’unlik darajasiga bog’liq.
3. Kimyoviy zararlaniSh o’chog’ida qo’llanilgan zaharlovchi moddaning turg’unligi
aniqlanadi. Zaharlovchi moddaning turg’unligi fizik-kimyoviy xossalariga, havo va yerdagi
tuproqning haroratiga, shamolning tezligiga, yog’ingarchilik va joylarning xususiyatiga bog’liq
bo’ladi.
4. Aholini yoki shaxsiy tarkibning himoya vositalarida bo’lish vaqti zaharlovchi
moddaning turg’unligiga qarab taxminan belgilanadi. kimyoviy zararlanish chog’ida turlicha
uzoqlikda bo’lgan shaxsiy tarkibning gazniqobda taxminiy bo’lish vaqtini jadvaldan topiladi.
inversiya holatlarida gazniqobda bo’lish muddati ko’rsatilgan muddatdan 2 barobar ko’p bo’ladi.
Konveksiya holatida esa gazniqobda bo’lish vaqtini 2 barobar kamaytiriladi.
5. Zaharlovchi modda bug’lari va aerozollari tarqalgan hududlarda hamda zararlanish
o’choqlarida shaxsiy tarkib tomonidan sanitar yo’qotishlar ehtimoli aniqlanadi.
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Raximov
O.D,
Muradov
S.H.
SANOAT
KORXONALARI
RAHBARI
VA
MUTAXASSISLARINI MEHNAT MUHOFAZASI BO‘YICHA O‘QITISH VA
BILIMLARINI
SINOVDAN
O‘TKAZISHNI
RAQAMLASHTIRISH.
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43.
Raximov
O.D,
Muradov
S.H.
SANOAT
KORXONALARI
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