ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
493
QURILISHDA ISHCHI XODIMLARNING XAVFSIZLIGINI TA’MINLASH
Muradov Sirojiddin Husan o‘g‘li
Qarshi muhandislik-iqtisodiyot instituti
“Mehnat muhofazasi va texnika xavfsizligi”
kafedrasi stajyor-o‘qituvchisi.
Qarshi, O‘zbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10828960
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada, qurilish va ishlab chiqarish sohasida xavfsiz va sog’lom
mehnat sharoitlarini yaratib berish uchun mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish bo’yicha
amalga oshirilgan ilmiy tadqiqotlarning natijalarini ifodalangan. Shuningdek, maqolada mazkur
masala yuzasidan muallif tomonidan shakllantirilgan ilmiy taklif va amaliy tavsiyalar o’z ifodasini
topgan.
Kalit so‘zlar va iboralar:
“Balandlikda ishlash, xavfsizlik, xavf, shaxsiy himoya vasitalari,
ish joylarida sanitariya gigiyena, ortiqcha jismoniy zo’riqish va ruhiy charchash”.
ENSURING SAFETY OF WORKERS IN CONSTRUCTION
Abstract.
In this article, the results of scientific research on the existing problems and their
elimination in order to create safe and healthy working conditions in the field of construction and
production are expressed. Also, the article contains the scientific proposals and practical
recommendations formulated by the author on this issue.
Key words and phrases:
"Work at height, safety, risk, personal protective equipment,
sanitary hygiene at work, physical overexertion and mental fatigue".
ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РАБОТНИКОВ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ
Аннотация.
В данной статье представлены результаты научных исследований по
существующим проблемам и их устранению в целях создания безопасных и здоровых
условий труда в сфере строительства и производства. Также в статье содержатся
научные предложения и практические рекомендации, сформулированные автором по
данному вопросу.
Ключевые слова и фразы:
«Работа на высоте, безопасность, риск, средства
индивидуальной защиты, санитарная гигиена на производстве, физическое
перенапряжение и умственное утомление».
Kirish.
Dunyodagi barcha davlatlar ham shahar va boshqa aholi yashash manzilgohiga o’ziga xos
ulug’vorlik beruvchi binolar qurilishiga alohida e’tibor qaratadi. Sababi dunyoning rivojlangan
davlatlari qatoriga kirishda davlat tashkiloti muassalari va aholi uchun qulay turar joy binolarining
mavjudligi muhim omildir. Qurilish me’morchilik haqida gap ketar ekan, unda quruvchilar
mehnati va xavfsizligini alohida takidlash lozim. Afsuski bugungi kunda ko’pchilik qurilish
jarayonlarida ishchilarning hayot xavfsizligi to’la taminlangan deb bo’lmaydi. Biz 20-30 m
balandlikda ham quruvchilarning ishonchsiz havozalar ustida, o’ta xavfli sharoitda mehnat
qilayotganiga ko’p bora guvohi bo’lganmiz.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
494
Hozirgi kunda O’zbekistonda osmon o’par binolar va massivlar barpo etilyapdi. Bundan
ko’rinadiki ishchi kuchiga bo’lgan talablar oshadi, yurtimizda qurilish sohasida faoliyat olib
borilayotgan korxonalar kundan kunga, yildan yilga oshib ko’payib bormoqda. Demak ishchi
xodim va korxonani xavfsizligi talabi tobora o’sib boradi va texnika xavfsizligi xodimi (oliy
ma’lumotli) kerak bo’ladi. Texnika xavfsizligi xodimlari asosiy vazifalari qurilish maydonlarida
va uning bilan bog’liq ish jarayonlarida sodir bo’ladigan jarahotlanish va boshqa baxtsizliklarini
keltirib chiqaradigan sabablar, bartaraf qilish va tashkilot mamuriyatining ishchi va
xizmatchilariga ish sharoitini yaxshilab berish ustida nazoratni o’z qo’liga oladi.
So’ngi 3-yilda qurilish sohasining o’zida ro’y bergan baxtsiz hodisalar oqibatida 119 kishi
vafot etgan, 117 kishi jarohatlangan.
Agar xodim baxtsiz hodisa tufayli vafot etgan bo’lsa, bir martalik 6 yillik o’rtacha ish haqi
to’lab berilishi kerak. Qaramog’ida farzandllari bo’lsa, marhumning o’rtacha oylik maoshi
ularning soniga bo’linadi hamda har bir farzandi 18 yoshga kirguncha to’lab boriladi. Baxtsiz
hodisa oqibatida jarohat olgan bo’lsa, bir martalik to’lov bir yillik o’rtacha ish haqini tashkil etishi
darkor.
Qurilish tashkilotida bo’ladimi, boshqa korxona bo’ladimi, agar ish beruvchining fuqorolik
javobgarligini majburiy sug’urtalanmagan bo’lsa, turgan gap, baxtsiz hodisani yashirishga urinadi.
Ming afsuski, biz bu bilan kurashmoqdamiz, ammo uning samarasi sal pastroq. Buning uchun
Buning uchun mehnat muhofazasi qilish sohasini ham raqamlashtiramiz kerak. Bugungi kunda
biz, baxtsiz hodsa sodir bo’lgach, uning oqibatini kurashishni boshlaymiz. Lekin, bizning
taklifimiz, butun jahonda tatbiq qilingan amaliyot, ya’ni har bir xavf-xatar, baxtsiz hodisa
ehtimolini baholangan holda mehnat muhofaza qilishni boshqarish tizimini joriy qilishdir.
Mehnat xavfsizligini taminlash uchun bu mehnat jarayonida odamlar sog’ligini saqlab
qolishga qaratilgan bir qator texnikaviy tashkiliy tozalik va davolanish bo’yicha tadbir choralarni
JARAHATLANG
ANLAR ; 117;
50%
VAFOT
ETGANLAR ;
119; 50%
2021-2023-YILDA QURILISH
SOHASIDAGI BAXTSIZ HODISADAN
JABR KO`RGANLAR
JARAHATLANGANLAR
VAFOT ETGANLAR
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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ishlab chiqish va amalda bajarilishini taminlash hamda nazorat qilib borishdan iboratdir. Mehnat
xavfsizligini boshqarish va xavfsizligi taminlash quyidagi 10 ta shartni bajarilishini bilan amalga
oshiriladi:
Xavfsiz mehnat qilishga o’rgatish va targ’ibot qilish
Uskunalarning xavfsizligini taminlash
Xavfsiz ish uslubini taminlash
Bino va inshootlarni ustuvorligini taminlash
Mehnat sharotini sog’lomlashtirish
Ishchilarni xavfsiz himoya vositalari bilan taminlash
Eng qulay mehnat sharoitini va dam olish tartibini joriy qilish
Kasb kasaligini omilarini nazorat qilish va o’z vaqtida davolanish tashkil etish
Dam olish sharoitini yaxshilash
Ishchilarni ixtisosi va malakasiga qarab ishga jalb etish.
Qurilishda ishchi xodimlarning ishiga va ish vazifalariga qarab 3 ga bo’linadi:
1-bevosita quruvchilar
2-qurilish uskunalarini boshqaruvchi ishchilar
3-muhandis va quruvchi ustalar
Qurilishdaa ishlab chiqarish sanitariyasi tozalik va ozodalik bo’yicha taadbirlaar majmuasi
tuzishdan iborat bo’lib maqsadi ishlab chiqarish korxonalarida sog’lom mehnat sharoitini
yaratishdir. Quruvchining o’ziga xos jihatlari, ya’ni ish joyining doim o’zgarib turishi, ochiq
havoda bo’lishi, bir nechta ish jarayonlarini bajara olishi va boshqalar ish joyida mo’tadil iqlim
sharoitini yaratishga imkon bermaydi. Shu sababdan salomatlik va ozodalik quruvchilar uchun ish
joylarida ishtimoiy va tibbiy xizmat ko’rsatish borasida maxsus uslubiy yo’larni izlashni taqozo
qiladi.
Qurilish materialari sanoatida masalan sement, ohak, asfaltbeton va asbofaner ishlab
chiqaruvchi korxonalaarda o’ta zararli chang va bug’ zarralari ajralib chiqadiki, ularni albatta
tozalagich qurilmalar yordamida havodan ajratib zararsizlantirish zarur bo’ladi.
Xulosa.
Qurilishda ishchi xodimlarni xavfsizligini ta’minlashda birinchi navbatda himoya
vositalari va xavfsizlik kamarlari berilishi kerak. Bundan kelib chiqadiki himoya vositalari ham
yangi va bardoshligigi tekshirilish ham kerak bo’ladi. Qurilishda ishchi xodimlarga eng kerakli
himoya vositalarini sanab o’tamiz. Birinchi navbatda hammamiz bilamizki boshimizga kaska
kiyish kerak, balandlikda ishlasa xavfsizlik Kamari maxsus qo’lqoplari, maxsus poyafzallar
ko’zga yaqol ko’rinadigan formalar va ko’z oynaklar va boshqa himoya vositalari kerak bo’ladi.
Qurilishda ishchilar narvonlar orqali ishlaganda Narvon bilan ishlaganda xavfsizlik
qoidalariga amal qilish lozim. Narvon bu xavf tug’diradigan buyumdir standart balandlikda 10
funtdan baland bo’lsa pastda ko’rsatilgan qoidalarga rioya qiling.
Narvon va tayanch joyi sirpanib ketmasligi uchun tayanch qoplamasi qo’yish kerak bo’ladi
Narvon o’z vazndan belgilangandan yuqori vazn chiqmasligi kerak bo’ladi.
Boshni himoya vositasi (himoya kaskasi bo’lishi kerak)
Sirg’alish oldini olish uchun maxsus etiklar kiyish kerak bo’ladi.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
496
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