ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
781
DEVELOPMENT OF CHORAL CONDUCTING
Urazbaeva Gulshirin Kadirbaevna
Assistant teacher of the Department of Music Education of Nukus State Pedagogical Institute
named after Ajiniyaz.
Tilovmurodov Dostonbek Davronbekovich
3rd year student of music education bachelor's degree.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14027801
Abstract. In this article, the theory and history of choral performance, collective
performance and Choir classes are mentioned.
Key words: choir, performance, theory, group performance, choir, classes
РАЗВИТИЕ ХОРОВОГО ДИРИЖИРОВАНИЯ
Аннотация. В статье упоминается теория и история хорового исполнительства,
коллективного исполнительства и хоровых занятий.
Ключевые слова: хор, исполнение, теория, групповое исполнение, хор, занятия.
Among the many factors of upbringing, music has a special place in leading the young
generation to maturity. Music, with its unique nature, has the power to greatly influence the
spiritual world of young people. It is not a secret for any of us today that under the influence of
melody and melody, the world of emotions grows in a person, the formation of perception and
thinking, the budding of the desire for goodness, the desire to love beauty, protect mother nature,
and serve for the prosperity of the Motherland. Our wise people have long considered music and
song to be an important part of their social and cultural life. In the family, it is a dream of parents
to teach their child to sing and play music, and with this intention, it is customary to keep some
kind of musical instrument in the house. It is well known that melody and melody can quickly find
a way to a child's heart, have a positive effect on his soul, and have a great influence on the
formation of good manners and good qualities.
Choir performance is one of the original folk art types that is widespread today. Team
performance not only arouses deep aesthetic pleasure in people, but also unites them, brings them
together as a team, and helps to develop their spiritual level and artistic taste. It has the ability to
arouse the best feelings of a person, to excite and interest. For this reason, the role of listeners as
well as choir participants is very important in artistic and ideological education. In the course of
the choral class, the student develops vocal culture skills and professional knowledge. The subject
of choir and choral studies brings the student closer to choral art. By the choir teacher and
conductor, singing of choral works well, at the same time, the choir is taught through the tools of
the score (timbre of parts, unisons, choral recitatives, vocal polyphonic dynamics, etc.). The main
goal of practical training is to organize the process of working with a real "musical instrument" for
the student. For example, a conductor is distinguished by his knowledge of organization, directing,
psychological and other musical knowledge.
Choir art is distinguished by its popularity and democratic features among the genres of
music art. Nowadays, it has become a widespread original folk art. This type of art plays an
important role in the musical education of people and the formation of their aesthetic views.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
782
People's closely related spiritual consciousness, taste, one single idea, one single
performance, performing the feeling in words and music as a team, makes them even more
cohesive. This art is always related to the art of folk singing and is of great importance in the
formation and development of the musical culture of different nations. Choral art has a long history
in expressing its ancient musical culture. For centuries, church tunes have been the main
performance in professional choral art. The lower and higher pitches (organum, treble) continued
to develop until the ancient church tunes appeared, similar to the ancient Greek tunes. During the
renaissance, a great change in choral art appeared - polyphonic choral performance. The
emergence of a cappella singing became the basis for the further development of choral art.
Polyphonist-composers such as J. Palestrina, O. Lasso, K. Janeken, who lived in the 15th
and 16th centuries and created multi-voice works in their work, contributed6. Due to the need of
the times, the convergence of cultures began to influence each other over the centuries. In
particular, the culture of Uzbekistan was directly influenced by the cultural changes of western
countries, especially Russia. This cannot be denied, so we need to have some understanding about
these cultures.
Choral performance in Western countries After a certain period, another change appeared
in choral art, as the authors of major works - cantatas, oratorios - I.S. Chamber choir music
flourished in the work of such romantic composers as Meyerbeer, J. Verdi, F. Schubert, B.
Mendelssohn, R. Schumann. During this period, the choral groups of those who loved singing
were "lidertafel'" (a German word meaning "leading singer". Widely developed in Germany,
Austria and Switzerland) and "orfeon" (French for "choir lovers" team" appeared in Paris in 1818
under the leadership of G. Wilhelm. The gradual departure of choral art from the art of church
music, the formation of opera theaters, the close connection of the national school of composers
in the 19th century with folk music was manifested in Russia, the Baltic countries - the Czech
Republic, Bulgaria, Hungary and other countries. was. Later, this process was continued in the
USA, Latin America, and Japan. Choir performance in Russia.
Russian choral art has been distinguished by its consistency for many centuries. Russian
choral performance and creativity developed in the direction of folk performance and church
performance, forming interconnected directions. These included rural and urban songs, choral
ensembles of singers, school choirs, professional church and opera choir a capellas. The Choir of
the Tsar's Singers, which was first organized in the 15th century, was later transformed into the
Chapel of the Petersburg Court Singers, and in the 16th century, the "Choir of the Tsar's Singers"
was later transformed into the Chapel of the Petersburg Court Singers, and the "Choir of the
Patriarch's Singers" was created in the 16th century, later the Moscow Synodal Choir. , called The
patriarch's choir became the first representatives of Russian professional choirs. In their time,
church performance was performed by musicians and choir leaders (regents), and in the 16th and
17th centuries, noblemen and nobles organized choirs and orchestras under their care. Such groups
were called "patrons" - choirs of patrons of art (Count Sheremetyev is one of the groups that have
been creating for almost 150 years with the lively and meaningful work of his chapel; the choirs
of Prince Yu. Galitsyn, etc.). These capellas made a great, high contribution to the Russian choral
culture with their performance skills and programs.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
783
These choirs were led by serfs, and famous choir conductors - S. Dektaryev, G. Lomakin,
A. Arkhangelskyi - developed from among them. In the second half of the 19th century, choral
performance in the enlightened direction began to acquire a social character, combining with
democratic movements in literature and art.
In the historical period, mass revivals in Russia led to the creation of works of Russian
singing that could meet the demand of the people and the promotion of a new school of Russian
singing. This led to the establishment of professional and amateur choirs such as "Free Music
Schools" by M.Balakiryev and G.Lomakin, "Free Choir Classes" by I.Melnikov. At the end of the
19th century, the professional choir of the famous choir conductor A. Arkhangelsky became
known around the world. The clear singing of the choir and the perfection of the choir ensemble
led to the performance of various polyphonic works at a high level. A. Arkhangelsky, a highly
qualified conductor, composer and teacher, is one of the creators of the Russian choral art.
The work of composers plays an important role in the diversification of choral art and its
wide scope in terms of genres. A. Alyabyev's works for the choir, A. Dargomijskyi's "Peterburg
serenades" became the first examples of a wordless choral performance. In the works of composers
such as P. Tchaikovsky, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, M. Mussorgsky, S. Cui, E. Napravnik, A. Arensky,
I. Ippolitov-Ivanov, A. Grechaninov, V. Kalinnikov, P. Chesnokov, S. Taneyev a cappella-style
works written for the choir became the basis for the rise of choral art to a new level. Their works
have not lost their status even today. In the 20th century, many professional choral ensembles were
formed on the territory of Russia, and they conducted extensive concert-performance activities.
Examples of this are the State Russian Choir, the Chapel of the Republican Russian Chorus (later
named after A. Yurlov), the Choir of Russian Songs under Radio and Central Television, and the
Chapel of Petersburg Singers. Choir conductors known all over the world - G. Dmitriyevsky, K.
Ptisa, N. Danilin, A. Sveshnikov, A. Aleksandrov, V. Sokolov, A. Yurlov, A. Yegorov, A.
Mikhailov, V. Minin, M. Pyatnisky, etc. contributed to the development of this art. In the second
half of the 20th century, choral art and compositional creativity rose to higher heights. An example
of this is the creative research of S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, V. Shaporin, M. Koval, G.
Sviridov, V. Salmanov, A. Lensky, V. Shebalin, R. Boyko, R. Shedrin and others. . During this
period, great attention was paid to children's voices in choir performances, and choir studios, choir
clubs, and vocal ensembles were organized in school bases. Annual choir festivals, song festivals,
and children's music festivals were held on a large scale. Children's choirs under the leadership of
Vladimir Sokolov, Georgy Struve and Viktor Popov spread all over the world. Such well-known
conductors and composers held many creative meetings with the children of Uzbekistan and young
music lovers. Georgy Struve was the reason why the most famous choir of Uzbekistan was given
the name "Nightingale" a quarter of a century ago.
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ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
SCIENCE
АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
784
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