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Eldor Ortikov, Teacher, Termez branch of Tashkent State Pedagogical
University named after Nizami,
A.Avliyakulov, Associate professor, head of department of Termez branch
of Tashkent State Agrarian University
A.Avazov Student of Termez branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University
METHODS OF LEARNING AND STUDYING ECONOMIC SCIENCES
E. Ortikov, A. Avliyakulov, A. Avazov
Abstract: Economic theory is inextricably linked with other economic
sciences. First, it enriches them with new conclusions by summarizing their
achievements. Second, it facilitates their development by arming them with
conclusions about general economic theory.
Economic theory basically performs three functions:
a) understanding of the laws of economics, economic education,
economic literacy;
b) to serve as a basis for other economic disciplines, to be their
theoretical basis;
c) to provide practical recommendations on economic policy, to provide
a theoretical basis for policy development.
Keywords: economic theory, methods of teaching economic studies.
economic policy, economic literacy.
We have tried to theoretically analyze terms such as "economic theory"
and "economic theory" that we encounter in practice from the point of view
of our scientists:
The science of economic theory was founded in Europe in the XVII
century, which is associated with the development of market relations, and
the desire to know its laws and rules gave rise to the "Economic Theory".
Although it originated in the West, the economic ideas that fed it were
initially formed in the East, particularly in Central Asia.
It is enough to remember the works of Abu Ali ibn Sino, Abu Nasr Farobi,
Abu Rayhan Beruni, Alisher Navoi, Amir Temur, Mirzo Ulugbek. Economic
theory originally came to be known as “Political Economy”. This concept was
first introduced by A. Moncreten (France) used it in his Treatise on Political
Economy (1615). A. Monkreten and T. Man (England) founded the current
of mercantilism in economic theory.
After them came the school of physiocrats (XVIII-a.). Its greatest
representative is the author of the book "Economic Tables" (1758) F. It is a
tick (France). The current in which economic theory has taken the most
influential place in history is the classical political economy, whose
representatives are A.S. Smith and D. Ricardo (England) (see Classical
Schools of Political Economy). This school was a well-known and prestigious
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school in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. From the
second half of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth
century, the school of marginalism occupied a central place in the theory of
economics. The main representatives of this are K. Menger, F. Vizer, e. Byom-
Baverk (Austria), U. Jevons is.
At the end of the XIX century and during the XX century in the theory of
economics there were 3 directions: The first is the neoclassical direction,
which itself is monetarism [A. Marshall (England), M. Friedman (USA)] and
neoliberalism - [L. Mizes (Austria), F. Hayek (England) and L. Erhard
(Germany)].
The second is the Keynesian direction, the major representatives of
which are J. M. Keynes (England), J .; Robinson (England), A. Hansen and P.
Samuelson (USA).
The third is the institutional social orientation, the prominent
representatives of which are T. Veblen, J. Komons, U. Mitchell, J. Gelbright
(USA). By the beginning of the 21st century, the school of monetarism has
become a priority, as its recommendations have found their practical
expression in economic policy in many countries. It can be seen that in many
scientific studies our scientists have considered the terms economic theory
and economic theory as synonymous terms. Could there be a difference
between these terms? the question arises, to substantiate this, first of all, we
pay attention to the meaning of the words "economy" and "economy" in
Uzbek (Encyclopedia "Uzbekistan"), as well as in the CIS countries, ie in the
Russian Federation, "Economic Theory", "Economic Theory", "Economics".
Given the existence of concepts such as "economy", the views of scholars on
these terms have been studied, and in these cases, too, there are opinions
that economic terms such as "economic theory" and "economic theory" have
the same meaning and are used synonymously.
In order to distinguish between these expressions, we have tried to find
the lexical meaning of the word "economy": , on the other hand, we have
come to the conclusion that Economic Theory studies the interrelationships
and austerities between people in production processes, but we must
recognize that this idea is only the product of our abstract ideas and
hypotheses.
One of the methods used in the study of economic knowledge is the
definition of concepts and laws based on abstraction, which are introduced
into scientific circulation. When abstraction occurs, the basic, stable, ever-
emerging facts of economics are distinguished, and the connection between
them is determined. All this is done through contemplation. Without
abstraction, it is impossible to draw theoretical conclusions by being
entangled in too many, disordered facts. Abstraction is the creation of a
theoretical model of economics.
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When the inductive method is used in theory, the transition from the
study of individual phenomena to their generalization and conclusions is
made. When the deductive method is used, the transition from general
conclusions to specific conclusions, from general to more specific events.
There are both historical and logical methods in economic theory. The
historical method takes events into account in development. The logical
method is used to determine the internal logical connections of different
events and draw general conclusions.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis are used together in economic
theory. Economic-mathematical modeling is also involved in quantitative
analysis. In doing so, economic changes are quantified, the relationships
between them are quantified, their changes are assessed and forecasts are
made. Using this method, economic models are created. Hypotheses and
paradigms are used in economic theory. The scientific paradigm is to
determine how a solution to a problem can be solved based on the methods
of analysis adopted in Economic Theory.
In conclusion, we would like to emphasize that, unlike students of
economics, it would be expedient to simplify the lessons for students of non-
economics, including theories of general economic laws and categories and
methods of calculating microeconomic indicators.
References:
1. Terentyeva T. V. Factors affecting the effectiveness of educational
services of a university in a modern society / T. V. Terentyeva, M. N.
Kulakova // Modern problems of science and education. - 2012. - No. 5.
2. Skripnikova LV. Modern approaches to managing the quality of
training of specialists in higher education / Izvestiya VGPU, No. 1 (262),
2014.
3. www.newhorizons.org. -New horizons of education.
4. www.ziyonet.uz
5. http studme.org/65664/ management / models
