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inter-religious harmony, is reflected in a number of speeches of President
Mirziyoyev, including a speech from the UN rostrum. [2, p.1-2]
In his speech at the UN General Assembly, President Mirziyoyev
stressed the need for the world community to take a step towards the idea
of "enlightenment and religious tolerance" in the context of globalization. As
noted above, the fact that the land of Uzbekistan has long been a country
where the principle of tolerance has been established, and this tradition
continues in the XXI century, was recognized in August 2018 at an
international conference on religious tolerance in New York. More than 80
countries participating in the conference recognized the experience of
Uzbekistan in the field of tolerance. In this regard, it is worthwhile to draw
the reader's attention to the factors that have influenced the decision of the
principle of tolerance in the territory of our country.
References:
1.Buryakov Yu. Stanovlenie xristianstva v Sredney Azii (po pismennym
i veshchestvennym istochnikam) // Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov v
Sredney Azii. 140 years. Dobrososedstva with Islam. Materials mejd.konf.-
Tashkent, 2011. - P.20-21.
2.Speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoev
at the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly // People's speech,
September 20, 2017.
K.D.Saipova, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor
National University of Uzbekistan, Faculty of History
CARE FOR EVACUATED CHILDREN
K.D.Saipova
Abstract: in this article, the author closes the concern for evacuated
children from frontline territories that were evacuated to the territory of
Uzbekistan during the Second World War. The republic rendered great
assistance in accepting and accommodating evacuated children, providing
them with first aid, and opening orphanages. In August 1941, trains with an
evacuated population began to arrive in Uzbekistan, the Council of People's
Commissars of the Republic adopted a resolution on the organization of a
commission for their reception and arrangement. Residents of the republic
showed great care for them, helped with housing, food, clothing. Particular
attention was paid to evacuated children who lost their parents. The
republic accepted in the autumn of 1941 one and a half million evacuated.
Among them, 200 thousand children, half of whom were orphans.
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Keywords: population, evacuation, children, orphanages, commission,
trains, device, reception.
World War II had an effect on the fate of every family. The 5th plenum
of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan adopted a
special decision on the arrangement of evacuated citizens and assistance to
families of military personnel By a decision of the Central Committee and
the Council of People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR of November 15, 1941,
local party and Soviet organizations pledged to accept and arrange for the
evacuated children to work and study, as well as to orphanages. Only in the
second half of 1941 and the beginning of 1942, 976 orphanages with
107,223 pupils were evacuated.
Until October 1942, in Uzbekistan, 78 orphanages were placed in
Uzbekistan and 43,000 evacuated children were accepted into Uzbekistan.
Of these, 10918 children were evacuated according to plan, 9 houses were
placed in Bukhara and Kashkadarya regions. Pupils of the remaining 28
orphanages were distributed among the existing republican orphanages [1,
p.75]
Eyewitnesses recall that for the prompt resolution of the children's
issue, a central evacuation center was created, which included the directors
of all the children's homes in the capital. Since October 1941, teachers,
teachers of orphanages, and pediatricians have been constantly on duty at
the station in order to promptly receive all arriving and staying children,
each of whom had their own history scorched by the war.
In all regions, cities and districts of the republic, special commissions
were set up to receive and arrange evacuated citizens and orphanages. At
enterprises, collective farms and state farms, numerous meetings and rallies
of workers were held, the agenda of which was one question: the
arrangement of evacuated citizens and orphanages.
In the first months after the outbreak of World War II, about 100
thousand children and 26 orphanages with 10 thousand children arrived in
the Andijan region of the Uzbek SSR. In addition, 300 children from Poland
arrived. In the Butakarin village council of Andijan region, the Montenegrin
orphanage (189 children) was adopted, in the Aim region there were 4
orphanages with 270 children from Donbass, 850 children from Kuybyshev
in the Chinabad, Pakhtaabad, Haldyvanbekok districts. On January 2, 1942,
the Tashkent GK KP (b) Uz held a meeting of the female asset of the city,
which adopted an appeal to all women of Uzbekistan to provide assistance
to the front and broad public assistance to evacuated children. So, the
meeting of the female act Andijan, which took place on January 11, 1942,
made a special decision on the adoption of children who were evacuated
from the temporarily occupied territory and lost their parents.
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About 200 thousand children left without shelter and parents were
adopted in Uzbekistan. In those years, 150-200 children exhausted by the
war annually passed through the evacuation center at the Tashkent station.
The former pupil of the Bobruisk orphanage, Vera Shestakova (V. M.
Gavrilova), later recalled: âIt is terrible to remember the way from Belarus.
When one of the groups of kids was put in a car, fascist planes flew in. They
dropped a bomb, or maybe a few. We fled from a terrible place. In Tashkent,
at the station, we were fed a hot lunch for the first time in a long time and
sent to Ferghana. Do not forget how the Ferghana met us. They handed out
to us hot cakes, apricots, raisins, nuts, and they kindly spoke something in
an unfamiliar language ... â[2, p.76]
Trains came from Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Kursk, Donetsk and a
number of foreign cities. The capital of Uzbekistan received in those days
120 evacuated children of the Spanish Republicans. At that time, 20
orphanages from Poland arrived in Tashkent; in 1942 alone, 534 school-age
children and 83 under 7 years old were taken up in Sherabad (Surkhandarya
region). During the war years, about a million evacuated citizens of different
nationalities arrived in the republic, including about 200 thousand children.
They were provided with more than 135 thousand square meters. meters of
living space, they were employed. Residents of Uzbekistan shared with them
the last piece of bread, clothing, housing. More than 4,500 children were
adopted by Uzbek families. The Shamakhmudov family adopted 14 orphans,
H. Samadov - 13, F. Kasymova - 10. [3, p. 37]
More than 113 military hospitals were located in Uzbekistan, over
which 750 enterprises, institutions, collective farms, and state farms
patronized. In 1942 disabled people were registered, financial assistance
was provided to them, most were employed. A special reception center was
created in Tashkent, which in the first days of its operation accommodated
2,500 children, of which 98 children of German nationality arrived from
Leningrad. They all found their home here, were surrounded by attention
and care. Separate families and entire collectives took up children.
In 1942, an orphanage was also opened on the Pravda collective farm in
the Kokand region, which provided shelter for about 50 orphans. In March
of this year, 9 collective farms of the Kokand region - 108 children, workers
of the Lenin district of Andijan region - 162, in the region - 120, Namangan
region - 1300, Margilan - 93, Ferghana - 20, Samarkand - 16 children were
brought up. In the Samarkand region, an orphanage was opened, which
provided shelter for 1100 evacuated children. [4, p. 38]
In 1942, EG Samoilenko opened an orphanage in the city of Namangan,
where 97 homeless children found shelter, where propaganda and cultural
propaganda was conducted with them. In the districts of the Samarkand
region, several such houses were opened, in which more than 100 children
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found shelter. During the war years in Samarkand, at the reception centers
for evacuated children, 1,131 children were left without any documents or
accompanying questionnaires, 1,048 children were left without supervision,
83 children were lost, a total of 2,262 children were taken. [5, p. 89]
Thus, the population of the republic, showing humanism and
compassion, supported the forcibly deported persons. The tolerant attitude
of the Uzbek people during the war years had diverse manifestations.
References:
1. Saipova K.D. Tolerant attitude of the Uzbek people to the deported
and evacuated. - Tashkent, 2018 .- P.75.
2. Saipova K.D. Tolerant attitude of the Uzbek people to the deported
and evacuated. - Tashkent, 2018 .- P.76.
3. TsGA RUz. F.90. Op. 8. D.6117. l.37
4. TsGA RUz. F.90. Op. 8. D.6117. l. 38
5. TsGA RUz. F.90. Op. 8. D.6117. l.40
Umarov Muhammadkadir Shokirali, National University of Uzbekistan
Faculty of Social Sciences, 1st year student of philosophy
A THINKER - AHMAD AL-FARGANI
Ð.Umarov
Abstract: This article describes the activities of Al-Fargani. the author,
based on published articles, made generalizing conclusions about the
activities of this person.
Keywords
: science, culture, view, civilization, development, progress.
Our people, who have always lived with good intentions and thinking,
have made a great contribution to world development. Science and culture
have long been developed in the territory of our country, which connects
East and West, where great civilizations are connected. Especially in the
Middle Ages, thousands of scientists, poets and great thinkers emerged from
our homeland, which testifies to the fact that Uzbekistan is the land of great
scientists.
The contribution of thinkers born and raised on our planet to the
development of world science has been recognized and studied for
centuries. As the first President Islam Karimov said in his book "High
spirituality is an invincible force": "The international community recognizes
and acknowledges that our ancient and beautiful land is one of the cradles
not only of the East, but also of world civilization.
