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Abstract:
The course of project drawing, at Tashkent Architectural and Construction In-
stitute is aimed at the formation of the graphic culture of students, as well as the creative
potential of the individual. A lot of effective work in this area, especially in the teaching
design drawing is achieved through the use of modern graphic software. Among graphic
programs, in particular in the field of architecture, ArchiCAD is the best in the opinion of
professionals. This program illustrates most effectively students, three-dimensional draw-
ings for understanding architectural projects. This is necessary for students to fully under-
stand the specifics of their profession.
Keywords:
graphic education, design drawing, graphic applications, graphics, informa-
tion and communication, spatial imagination, architecture, drawing, didactics, engineering
graphics.
In the history of mankind, the emergence and rapid development of information
and communication technologies, which allow remembering, store, transfer, and
change information, led to the creation of a new educational paradigm of the 21st
century – information culture. At the same time, these processes, in turn, increase
the possibility of student’s cognitive activity and the role of the pedagogue chang-
es. It is not only a source of scientific knowledge for students, but also a “looseman”
in the sea of information, helping to select the necessary information, understand it
logically, and effectively use it in professional activities that meet the principles of
competence of modern education.
Computer graphics tools have fundamentally changed the approach to teaching
methods: visualization of invisible processes and phenomena, such as magnetic and
electric fields, chemical reactions, etc., allows them to improve their observation
and understanding.
MARDOV SANJAR
KHUDOYKULOVICH
Doctor of
Philosophy (PhD)
on pedagogical
sciences Tashkent
University of
Architecture and
Civil Engineering
PEDAGOGICAL DESCRIPTION
OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CREATIVITY AND SPATIAL
IMAGINATION OF THE
STUDENTS
OF THE SUBJECT
“CONSTRUCTION DRAWING”
USING GRAPHIC PROGRAMS
https://doi.org/10.47689/
STARS.university-pp329-334
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Scientific research on the problem of using graphic programs (ArchiCAD) in
construction drawing and analysis of other scientific and methodical sources re-
vealed that a scientifically based integrated pedagogical system of using graphic
programs based on the principles of didactic logic and continuity has not been
specially implemented. In some works, a number of recommendations on the use of
graphic programs AutoCAD in construction drawing are given. To date, the use of
this program in the field of construction drawing is not considered an effective tool.
It can be recognized that there are a number of factors as the main reasons for this.
Including:
– AutoCAD software is mainly suitable for two-dimensional drawings;
– two-dimensional drawings are made separately (2D and 3D state of the object)
in the AutoCAD program;
– it will be difficult for all students to understand the drawings drawn separately;
– to change ready-made standard symbols in the AutoCAD program, access to
its functional commands is required;
– a number of standard conditional symbols in AutoCAD is very few and they are
also limited.
Within graphics programs, many programs have functions that allow you to draw
both 2D drawing and 3D model views at the same time. But most graphics pro-
grams include the standards of the countries they were created in. But while some
of them can be changed, some cannot. This situation causes some inconvenience.
Among the BIM programs, there are programs that are designed specifically for
the construction industry. These are ArchiCAD, Revit, Lira, Grasscoper, and oth-
ers. Among these programs, the ArchiCAD graphic program is the most conve-
nient for explaining topics in construction drawing. This is based on the following
factors:
– ArchiCAD graphic software can work even on computers with limited technical
capabilities;
– easy operation of the ArchiCAD program (works the same in 2D and
3D drawings);
– creation of both 2D drawing and 3D view in the ArchiCAD program;
– connection of commands on the command panel to the construction area;
– parameters of conditional symbols can be easily changed;
– availability of the function of changing ready-made 3D models in 2D state;
– automatic execution of simple and complex cuts;
– availability of easy connection of models taken from other places to the stan-
dard library and the possibility to change their parameters like the standard;
– possibility of gathering ready documents into one project album.
It became clear from the analysis that insufficient work was done on the devel-
opment of students’ spatial imagination based on the technologies of computer
graphics programs, which was shown in scientific research and analysis. In the pro-
cess of teaching the subject of “Construction drawing”, a scientifically based meth-
odology has not been developed for the use of a multimedia electronic textbook
created taking into account the capabilities of graphic programs. After all, method-
ological support is important in organizing the educational process.
In higher educational institutions where the science of construction drawing is
taught, it is possible to see increasing the practical importance of the science by
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introducing and increasing computer graphics topics in the science programs. To-
day, science specialists are required to be computer literate and use the capabilities
of graphic programs. Using computer graphics programs in educational processes:
– spatial imagination develops;
– mastery rates will be high;
– duration of storage in memory increases;
– creative and logical thinking develops;
– new projects and opportunities for their creation are opened;
– provides some convenience to students in performing graphic works related
to construction drawing and helps to facilitate the process of mastering the educa-
tional material.
Organizing construction drawing classes using graphic programs and multimedia
electronic textbooks has several advantages over traditional methods of teaching.
They are:
– the quality of the lesson is at the required level;
– the information given on the subject is clear and understandable;
– drawings and objects that are related to science and need to be explained are
done in front of students using computer graphics capabilities;
– will be able to see the 3D model of the constructed building in six views or four
views at once and see the clear model from different angles;
– the possibility of giving simple and complex cuts in the finished object and
viewing these cuts in one way;
– the possibility to explain the lesson allocated for the topic in a short time;
– lectures on the topic, sets of tasks, test questions of different levels,
and the availability of a glossary for terms in science can be used as auxiliary tools.
Multimedia tools have significantly expanded the visibility of the educational pro-
cess: models, graphics, colors, sound, and the use of video technology are among
them. This variety allows for the modeling of different learning situations, including
learning games.
The traditional practice of construction drawing classes is usually to draw a draw-
ing of the subject on the board and have the students copy it into their notebooks.
But often in the construction drawing, it is not enough to show one drawing on the
board. In this situation, the pedagogue needs to use pre-prepared drawings. In ad-
dition, using the animation capabilities of graphic programs, it is possible to show
drawings that have not yet been shown on the board and to leave a deeper im-
pression of the essence of the subject in the minds of students. This, in turn, makes
the explanation of complex topics somewhat simpler, and the process of students’
understanding of the learning material becomes easier.
Explaining the essence of the subject with the help of computer graphics has the
following advantages:
– the ability to work with several drawings at the same time with the help of
graphic programs;
– at the same time, it is possible to use the drawing as an exhibition material;
– the quality of the visual information on the screen should be higher than the
information on the audience board;
– it is possible to show the proof of two-dimensional drawings in three-dimen-
sional drawings at the same time;
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– materials in the construction drawing department are easier to learn due to the
high presentation of the lecture;
– availability of the possibility to draw clearly conventional signs in construction
drawings;
– students have a complete idea of the text of the lecture;
– better understanding of the drawings that students need to learn on the subject
through 3D models;
– speed of presentation is higher than a regular lecture;
– if any student has a question later, the teacher can easily go back step by step
to the previous drawing;
– the similarity of an electronic lecture to a traditional lesson increases interest in
it and helps the development of spatial thinking.
Today, there are various graphic programs that allow you to create electronic
models of plans in construction drawings or a number of construction items. BIM
and Autodesk companies are the leaders in creating graphic programs that allow
the creation of such models. Modeling of such objects in engineering graphics dis-
ciplines helps them to be better understood by students and significantly increases
visibility. Visibility is a very important link, especially for the discipline of construc-
tion drawing.
In addition, the electronic textbook prepared with the help of modern computer
technologies has a number of advantages, as it replaces traditional printed text-
books, as well as the ability to solve problems that are not related to the peda-
gogue. For example, after the teacher has drawn the drawings explaining the topic
during the lesson, if the students have a question, they cannot go back to any stage
of the drawing. As a result, students’ learning will be somewhat reduced. In the
e-textbook, in addition to having the ability to do this in animated drawings, it is
also possible to show a clear view of that drawing.
Advantages of e-textbook:
– selection functions of materials;
– viewing animated materials at the desired speed and sequence;
– easy transition from one material to another;
– use the textbook at any time and place;
– simultaneous reinforcement of textbook information through videos.
Along with the emergence of the automated design system, many higher educa-
tion institutions began to consider the issue of completely or partially removing the
teaching of drawing geometry as a subject from the curriculum. There is a growing
recognition of the need to look for alternatives to drawing geometry in order to
develop spatial imagination in the disciplines of engineering graphics.
In all developed and developing countries, the use of an integrative approach
in science remains one of the urgent problems. Therefore, the role of computer
graphics in the teaching process is changing significantly. Computer graphics is
considered not only a learning resource for students and teachers but also the main
teaching tool. Because computer graphics is becoming the main tool for graphic
preparation of students. The reason is one of the main factors of the effective and
rapid development of students’ spatial imagination through computer graphics. All
this is the main goal we have set before us to enliven the educational process, and
motivate students to understand the essence of the subject faster and better.
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In conclusion, computer graphics can be used as a learning object for electronic
drawing and as a tool in the teaching of drawing geometry and drawing. This im-
plies the formation of students from teachers of higher education institutions not
only to work in the automated design system but also to effectively use the didactic
capabilities of these software products in their future professional activities.
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