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This article provides a comparative analysis of the peculiarities, formation, history, and typological features of the folk song "Adirasman," performed during the incubation of wormwood.

This article describes the semi-automatic determination of the frequency of wordforms used in the works of Abdurauf Fitrat and their statistics. High frequency words were analyzed within word groups. From the hundred highest frequency words, words with lexical meaning were studied, which help to identify the leading themes in the author’s work.

The article analyzes modern pedagogical technologies used in teaching the Russian language, such as learner-centered education technologies and technologies aimed at activating and intensifying student activity. It concludes that to help students systematize all the knowledge acquired in the subject and to improve or develop speech skills, teachers need to apply various pedagogical technologies.

This article expresses the idea of humanity, generosity, and doing good without expecting anything in return through the popular folk wisdom "Do good and do not withhold." The article reflects the ancient moral principles of the Uzbek people, particularly the virtues of selfless help, kindness, and generosity toward others. The proverb is analyzed from a pragmatic perspective, functioning as a directive speech act that encourages people to engage in good deeds. Such proverbs serve as important educational tools in fostering positive relationships in social life, such as harmony, solidarity, and mutual support. Furthermore, the proverb embodies the ethical ideals, national mentality, and social values of the people.

It is also drawn attention to adjust the interpretation of the works of changes in attitude to the works of art, the analysis of the level of understanding of the classical works of the reader. The characteristic features of that period, according to the needs of readers reviews were transformed into prose, carried out by analyzing changes in the first prose description of "Nasri Xamsai unique" case-lit.  There were analyzed the original interpretation of the work, which shows the mistakes and flaws.

This article explores the relationship between morphosyntactic models and phraseological constructions involving phytonyms (fixed expressions) and examines their pragmatic and stylistic stratification. It analyzes how these linguistic units’ function across different stylistic layers—formal, informal, and artistic—highlighting their structural features and communicative roles. By classifying phraseological units within various morphosyntactic frameworks, the study demonstrates their significance in enriching language expression and enhancing effective communication. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the structural and functional diversity of phraseological units, emphasizing their importance in both theoretical linguistics and practical language use.

This article examines the artistic function and role of landscape descriptions in Abdulla Kodiriy’s novel Bygone Days, one of the first examples of Uzbek national prose. Through an analysis of natural imagery and environmental descriptions, the study reveals how the author uses landscape as a narrative device to reflect characters' emotions, national identity, and historical context. The research highlights the significance of landscape imagery in shaping the aesthetic structure and ideological content of the novel.

In this article, we have specifically addressed the issue of the humorous character in S. Jumagulov's works. Character plays an important role in creating the image of the hero, through which the writer creates conflict. When conflict arises, the character of the hero is revealed even more. We will discuss and reflect on how the writer S. Jumagulov depicted the issue of character in his short-story works.

This article analyzes the na’t chapters of the "Khamsa" epics by Mir Alisher Navoi, the Sultan of the realm of words. Specifically, it focuses on how the Night of Ascension (Isro and Me’roj) in Islamic history has been emphasized in Navoiy’s works, reflecting his views on the education of the ideal human.

Three articles discuss words common to the Surkhandarya Karluk and Kipchak dialects and to Turkic languages. The original Uzbek words that form the basis of the Uzbek language also form the basis of other dialects, Surkhandarya Karluk and Kipchak dialects. It is reported that such words, with some phonetic differences, are also common to other related Turkic languages.

This article explores the narrative and stylistic methods Gabriel García Márquez uses to shape the perception of space and time in One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera. It focuses on how lexical choices, narrative structure, temporal looping, symbolic motifs, and magical realism create unique spatiotemporal dimensions within each novel. The study argues that these devices are not ornamental but integral to the novels’ thematic concerns with history, memory, fate, and love. Through close stylistic analysis, the article demonstrates how Márquez builds fictional worlds with their own temporal laws, challenging conventional narrative expectations and enriching literary experience.

The article presents opinions, suggestions, and recommendations on developing students' essay writing skills, developing creative thinking skills through essay writing, the differences and advantages of essays from other types of written work, and what criteria should be followed when creating them.

Visual cognitive verbs play a key role in expressing perception and cognition. This paper explores their morphological properties, including inflections and derivational forms, as well as their typical syntactic patterns, such as argument structure and complementation. By analyzing a selected corpus of contemporary written and spoken texts, we investigate how these verbs function in real usage. The results highlight both core similarities and subtle distinctions among visual cognitive verbs, shedding light on their role in conveying perception and mental processes. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how expresses visual and cognitive meaning through specific verbal constructs.

The article analyzes the processes of artistic and poetic thought renewal in 16th century Uzbek literature through the lens of tazkiranavism. Using the examples of Mutribiy Samarqandiy and Hasanxoja Nisoriy, the features of complex expression of the poet's image, the clarification of aesthetic criteria, the strengthening of a critical approach, and the appearance of psychological elements in poetic thought are examined. The article also highlights how tazkiras combine aesthetic and social thinking, as well as the poets' active participation in the social processes of their time.

As education systems around the world embrace digital transformation, the role of pedagogy in leveraging technology for meaningful learning becomes increasingly important. Digital pedagogy is more than the mere use of digital tools; it is the application of pedagogical principles tailored to a technologically rich environment. For English language teachers, understanding the theoretical underpinnings of digital pedagogy is essential for designing engaging, effective, and inclusive instruction. This article explores the theoretical foundations of digital pedagogy, examines its relevance and application in English language teaching (ELT), and discusses implications for teacher education and professional development.

This article explores the linguistic characteristics commonly found in children’s literature, emphasizing their role in cognitive and linguistic development among young readers. Employing qualitative content analysis, the research examines ten acclaimed children’s picture books, identifying how simplicity in vocabulary and sentence structure, repetition, rhythmic and rhyming patterns, and text-illustration integration enhance engagement and comprehension. Findings demonstrate that these features significantly support children’s language acquisition and cognitive growth, providing essential insights for educators and authors in creating effective and engaging children’s literature.

The article discusses the organization of the examination process for determining the grammatical and lexical characteristics of territorial words. On the basis of a number of methods in organizing the process of linguistic expertise of anonymous, problematic correspondence on social networks, it was thought about the emergence of conclusions and stops that are relevant for the judicial system. As a result of the tsuhuncha of contactology in Areal linguistics, it has been reported that the mixing of several sister languages and its occurrence of territorial specificity in speech.

This article explores the typology of the sonnet genre in Karakalpak and English literature, highlighting the structural, thematic and stylistic similarities and differences between the two traditions. The study examines the historical development and cultural influences that shaped the sonnet form in both literatures, focusing on key figures and their contributions to the genre. The English sonnet, notably the Shakespearean and Petrarchan forms, is discussed in terms of its structural rigidity and thematic concerns with time, love and mortality. In contrast, the Karakalpak sonnet, introduced in the 20th century, displays greater flexibility in its structure and often reflects themes of national identity, social transformation and the interplay between tradition and modernity. By comparing these two literary traditions, this article underscores the adaptability of the sonnet form across different cultural contexts and its ability to convey universal human experiences while incorporating local cultural elements.

In the contemporary globalized world, education systems are increasingly expected to foster both subject-specific knowledge and foreign language competence. The Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach has emerged as a powerful pedagogical framework to simultaneously promote content mastery and language proficiency. This article investigates the pedagogical potential of CLIL in integrating English language teaching with the development of scientific literacy among middle school learners. Drawing on classroom-based applications and theoretical insights, the study explores how CLIL contributes to dual learning outcomes, with a particular focus on 6th-grade science education. The findings suggest that when effectively implemented, CLIL fosters deeper cognitive engagement, contextual language use, and enhanced understanding of scientific concepts, thereby offering a promising pathway toward interdisciplinary education.

This article covers the issues of developing the methodology of teaching the Karakalpak language in the context of globalization. In the process of language teaching, historical stages, traditional and modern methods, basic principles, the role of innovative technologies, and approaches based on modern requirements are analyzed. Also, the main problems arising in the teaching of the Karakalpak language, ways to eliminate them, and the need to study world experience are indicated. The article substantiates the need for innovative approaches and methodological improvement in increasing the effectiveness of learning the Karakalpak language.

The article examines the artistic mastery and reflection of the realities of life in the poetry of Muhammad Yusuf. As such creative specific be analyze the topic’s artistically interpretation poet in remembrance. From after that, then result’s generalized theory and artistically. In the topic peculiar poetry study process of events and thoroughly be opinion in the poetry mental condition the creator’s skill.

This article discusses the genre of tongue twister, one of the oldest and smallest genres of oral folk art, the types of performers according to age characteristics - children's, teenagers' and adults' tongue twister. The opinions, scientific and theoretical views of scientists on this issue were studied, and the author's position on this matter was also expressed. At the same time, the article analyzes examples of tongue twisters of Uzbek, Karakalpak, and other Turkic peoples, examining their connection with ancient rituals and ceremonies, the composition of tongue twisters, and their specific features.

This article analyzes the use of proverbs in modern Uzbek literature, in particular, in the work of poets, their artistic and aesthetic load, changes in content and form, and their place in the poetic text. The life experience, exemplary thoughts, and national wisdom embodied in the articles are sometimes used creatively by the poets, sometimes exactly, and sometimes in a revised form. Also, the poetic interpretation of proverbs in accordance with modern social conditions is analyzed.

This article discusses one of the genres of Uzbek oral folk art — the fairy tale. It analyzes the process of creation and narration of fairy tales, the diversity of their themes, as well as their educational and spiritual significance. The article highlights the impact of fairy tales on the psyche, their interpretation, and their role in Uzbek culture. This article provides an in-depth analysis of Uzbek folk tales, one of the most important and ancient genres of oral folk literature. Folk tales are regarded as a vivid reflection of the people’s worldview, dreams, and aspirations. They portray high human values such as kindness, justice, courage, friendship, loyalty, diligence, experience, and wisdom through artistic imagery. The article examines the process of the creation and oral transmission of tales across generations, the style of storytelling, the emotional and artistic connection between the narrator and the audience, and the classification of tales into different thematic types – such as magical-fantastic tales, animal tales, and everyday tales.

This article explores the life and work of the great Scottish poet Robert Burns, providing insight into his entry into the world of literature. Particular attention is given to the themes of folk spirit, patriotism, love for his beloved and homeland, as well as the reflection of national values in his poetry.