Effective cross-cultural communication plays a pivotal role in our increasingly globalized world, and translation is a key tool in facilitating this communication. This paper explores the linguistic and cultural aspects of translation, emphasizing the importance of developing translation skills to bridge the gap between diverse languages and cultures. We delve into the complexities of translation, highlighting the challenges and nuances involved in rendering meaning accurately from one language to another. Key concepts such as cultural sensitivity, linguistic equivalence, and adaptation are discussed to demonstrate the intricate interplay between language and culture in the translation process. To aid in developing effective translation skills, this paper offers practical strategies and tips for translators, with an emphasis on the importance of context, cultural awareness, and creativity. By honing these skills, translators can enhance cross-cultural communication, foster understanding, and promote cultural exchange. This paper serves as a valuable resource for language professionals, students, and anyone seeking to improve their ability to navigate the intricate world of translation.
Yo'l belgilarining aniq vaqtida aniqlanishi va tanib olinishi, avtomobil haydovchilari va piyodalar uchun juda muhimdir. Yo'l belgilarini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri tanib olish dasturi orqali haydovchiga kerakli ma’lumotni yetkazib boriladi bunda haydovchi berilgan ma’lumot orqali avtomobil harakatini nazorat qilish imkoniyatiga ega. Yo'l belgilarining turli xil ko'rinishlari mavjud, ba'zi belgilar o'rni bo'yicha yo'nalishni ko'rsatish uchun ko'p tomonlama nuqtalarga ega bo'lishi mumkin, shuningdek, ba'zi belgilar xavfsizlik qoidalari va cheklovlar haqida xabarda qilishi mumkin. Yo'l belgilarini aniqlash va tanib olish muhim amal, chunki yangi avtomabil haydovchisiga yo'l topishda yordam beradi. Biz yaratgan python dasturida yo’l belgilarini aniqlash dasturi orqali bu muomolarni hal qilish imkoniyatiga egamiz. Bu dastur quyidagi modelda ikkilik matritsalarda har bir piksel 8 bitga teng bo’lib shuning uchun ham ularning qiymatlarini 0 va 1 ga aylantirishning o'rniga 0 va 255 gacha qiymatlarga aylantirish mumkin. Shu tartibda, 128x128 piksellik rasmlar ikkilik matritsalarga aylantirilib, ushbu matritslar yuqori darajali ma'lumot olish modellari, masalan, CNN modeli uchun tayyorlanadi.
Япон жамиятида 家-ie –“Уй” жуда муҳим ва кенг қамровли тушунча ҳисобланади. Уй - уй эгаси ва оиладан ташкил топган яхлит системадир. 家-ие –“Уй” сўзи яшаш жойи, оила, оилавий гуруҳни, бирор уруғга тегишлиликни, меросхўр, ижтимоий мавқе каби турли маъноларни англатиши кўриб чиқилади. Ушбу мақолада主人сюдзин –эр, 家内(канаи)-хотин, 奥さん(окусан)-рафиқани, 嫁(ёмэ)-келин каби терминларнинг 家-ие –“Уй”га боғлиқлиги изоҳланади. Қавм-қариндошлик бирликларининг қиёсий-солиштирма тадқиқотлари кўпгина олимлар томонидан олиб борилган. Бундан ташқари, антропологик, диалектик жиҳатдан, тарихий-типологик, прагматик жиҳатдан қилинган тадқиқотлар кузатилди. Япон тилининг қариндош-уруғчилик номларининг ўзига хослиги ҳақида энг аввало европалик ва америкалик олимлар (Эмбрее, Норбеcк, Koрнелл, Беардлей, Бефу, Фишер), кейинчалик япон олимлари (Судзуки,Фужи,Комори) чуқур тадқиқотлар олиб боришган. Ушбу мақолада асосан қариндош-уруғчиликка оид лексик бирликларнинг 家-ие –“Уй”га боғлиқлиги жиҳатдан олиб борилган тадқиқотлар таҳлилга тортилади. Қариндошчилик номларининг қўлланилувида Уй мезон сифатида олинадиган ижтимоий позиция, статус номлари (positional terminology, social status) сифатида олинадими ёки Ўзини марказда қўйиб аниқ маънодаги қавм-қариндошлик терминлари (kinship terminology) ёки ўзгарувчан текноним(modified teknonymy)сифатидами ,オイコニミーойконим(oikonymy , oikos (イエ) жиҳатдан қараб ишлатиладими бу 4 хил қараш мунозарали мавзу ҳисобланади. Бугунги кунгача қилинган тадқиқотларда қавм-қариндошлик бирликларининг маънолари таҳлилга тортилмаган, шу бирликлар қўлланилишида шахс тафаккуридаги ўзига хос тушунчалар етарлича ўрганилмаганлиги аниқланди.
Background: Postoperative facial scars after plastic and reconstructive surgery are visible results that can seriously affect the quality of life of recovering patients. Currently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in medicine to improve tissue regeneration. Purpose: To analyze the esthetic outcomes of using PRP in the late postoperative period of maxillofacial surgical interventions. Material and methods: A total of 100 patients aged 18–60 years who were undergoing plastic and reconstructive surgery in the maxillofacial region were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided in two groups. Fifty patients in the treatment group received PRP injections at the time of surgery. Patients in the control group did not receive any injections. PRP was injected intradermally after suturing the wound. Evaluation of treatment outcomes was carried out by planimetry, the Image J programme during 1 month after surgery and by the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale 30 and 90 days after the surgical procedure. The Dermatological Quality of Life Index was used to assess the negative impact of treatment outcomes on various aspects of the patient’s life. Results: The change of scar width was twice less pronounced in the treatment group. The patients in the treatment group were more satisfied with the results of the treatment and had a higher quality of life. The treatment group exhibited less scaring at all time points than the control group 3 months after surgery. Conclusions: The use of PRP had a pronounced beneficial therapeutic effect in influencing the esthetic outcomes of surgical interventions.
Currently, in the theory and practice of education, there is a search for forms and methods that can create conditions for the development of communication skills and teamwork skills, in other words, the development of social competence and the ability to study independently. Such forms and methods are based on the activity of each subject of the educational process, the ability to independently make decisions and make choices, as well as on the coexistence of different points of view and their free discussion. Such a form of organization of the educational process as work in a team has great potential for this realization. Working in a team makes it possible to more often enter into communication with other members of the team, formulate one's position, coordinate actions, which can contribute to the development of cooperation, interpersonal competence, and communicative culture.
Мақолада инсоннинг шахсий ҳуқуқлари ва эркинликларига оид нормаларнинг миллий ва халқаро ҳуқуқий ҳужжатлардаги ифодаси таҳлил қилинган. Муаллиф асосий халқаро ҳуқуқий ҳужжатларни ва уларнинг қоидаларини кўрсатиб ўтиб, мазку қоидалар миллий қонунчилигимизда акс этганлигини намоён қилган. Мақола якунида муаллиф инсон ҳуқуқлари соҳасидаги миллий қонунчиликни янада такомиллаштириш кераклигини кўрсатиб ўтган.
Og'zaki va yozma tarjimaning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari ochib beriladi. Mutaxassis tarjimon tayyorlash uchun til fanlarini tashkil etishning asosiy jihatlari ko'rsatilgan. Tarjimonlikka o‘rgatishda asosiy operatsiyalarni bajarish malakalari aniqlanadi. Tarjimaning har bir turining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari heterojen omillarning kombinatsiyasi bilan belgilanadi: tarjimon va tarjimonning ish sharoitlaridagi farqlar, psixologik va psixolingvistik mexanizmlar, tarjima qilingan materiallarning janr xususiyatlari, matn turlari.
As it is known, the social status of occupation in the communication is determined, compared to the
participants-curry, relationship status, position and role in the family. Speech communication is an important tool for providing information about the social status of the participants. For example, the speech units selected by the owner, the speech etiquette forms can transport information about the social status of the speaker. In particular, the participants' concluding remarks in the life of society are received great attention in the communication culture of Uzbekistan. In this article deixis theory in linguistics, deixis of the social condition, its representatives are discussed. In communication gestural units they are mainly used to express participants' social condition. The social status of linguistics in the speech of the participants of the dialogue is pointed as social deixis, we used terminology of social condition deixis. After all, the social status (social further status) of speech participants is provided in terms of social deixis. The speech units that
express social status deixis not only explain speaker and social condition of other participants, but also inform about its subjective evaluation. Linguistic and also extralinguistic units are used to make deixis of social status in the Uzbek language. Language units of deixis of social status language include pronouns, contact units, social lexic units and some supplements. Personal pronoun organize complicated deictic character as a tool to form of social status and person's deixis. They indicate participants of the speech which makes clear individual's deixis and determine social status deixis via showing their relations and
social factors in the same time. Supplement -s which indicates grammar meaning of possession, personal
suffixes, respect does a task of clarifying social status deixis too. Also, one of active language units that could explain speech participants' social status is reference units. Reference units' have a special duty of not only grabbing attention of listener in the speech, but also defining social relationship between speech participants. Communication units are actively used as a tool of indicating speech participants' social status in our speech. Even spelling name incorrectly to the listener indicates disrespectfulness, lowness of listener's social status or using words that mean relativity with strangers’ services as a respect. In speech deictic points which have social symbol are used in lexical field too. This include socially specialized lexic units. In
the conversion of speech participants practicing certain field's representatives' special words, slangs indicate that they are in a one group and they are socially equal. Character (right) which was formed by human's job, position, adorenes identifies not only that person's duty (responsibility), but also his position along communicative act. Overall, in Uzbek language expression units of the social condition deixis are various, therefore when each of them are analysed deeply they could obviously give intriguing informations about not only pragmalinguistics, but also sociolinguistics of Uzbek linguistics' researches
This review researches the ideal plan as far as the base expense of A carbon-fiber built up crossover polymeric lattice composite was produced for vibration concealment applications, where the half and half network framework was made by joining two polymeric mixtures - the epoxy-based stage I which has exceptionally crosslinked morphology and the daintily crosslinked polyurea elastomeric stage II which when responded with restoring stage I, gives high damping and crack strength. The synthetic responses causing the cross breed framework are examined.