The article analyzes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on employment and income of population. State anti-crisis policy is considered on the example of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which provides for macroeconomic and monetary regulation of national economy, direct financial support for enterprises and entrepreneurs, credit breaks and holidays for legal entities and individuals, organization of public works and charitable events for the unemployed.
SUMMARY
The COVID-19 pandemic has plunged the world into the most serious humanitarian, economic and social crisis of our time. It has had a particularly devastating impact on the sphere of labor, causing tremendous human suffering and exposing the extreme vulnerability of many millions of workers and businesses. According to the latest estimates of the International Labor Organization (ILO), working hours worldwide in second quarter of this year decreased by 10.7% after massive closures of factories around the world in the condition of the COVID-19 pandemic. It means a loss of 305 million jobs based on 48-hour workweek.
The activities of large and small enterprises have been suspended, working hours have been reduced, and personnel are being dismissed. The closure of shopping centers and restaurants, the cancellation of flights and hotel reservations, transition of businesses to remote work puts many of them into collapse. At the same time, the first to lose their jobs were those for whom it was not stable anyway: salespeople, waiters, kitchen staff, loaders, cleaners.
The latest figures of the International Labor Organization (ILO) show that devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is destroying incomes of people who work in informal economy and hundreds of millions of businesses. The workers of shadow sector were the first to be hit. There are 1.6 billion of them - almost half of the world's workforce.
Purpose of the study: to study some biochemical parameters of mesenchymal-inflammatory and hypercoagulable syndromes in patients with liver damage who underwent SARS-COV2 infection.
Materials and research methods. 243 patients who had COVID-19 at the age of 18-60 were under observation. Inclusion criteria in the study were: transferred no earlier than 10 days prior to entry into the COVID-19 study; at the time of inclusion in the study PCR-negative COVID-19, negative PCR and markers of replication of hepatitis viruses. As a control group (CG), 20 healthy volunteers were examined. Enzymes were determined in the blood serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl aminotransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), total and direct bilirubin, albumin, ferritin, C reactive protein and complete blood count.
Research results The activity of blood liver enzymes in patients who underwent COVID-19 was significantly increased compared to CG: ALT exceeded the average values in CG by almost 10 times, AST = almost 3 times, LDH - 3 times, GGT and ALP - almost 1 .5 times. The level of bilirubin in the CG was significantly higher (p<0.001). The concentration of albumin in the peripheral blood of patients was reduced (p<0.001 significance of the difference from CG). The level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in peripheral blood was significantly lower than in the CG (p<0.001 and p<0.05). The platelet count was reduced (p<0.001 significant difference from CG). The ESR and CRP concentrations were significantly increased compared with the CG (p<0.001 significance for both indicators).
Conclusion
In patients who have undergone COVID-19, functional changes in the liver are noted, characterized by cytolytic, cholestatic syndrome, and a decrease in protein-synthesizing function. Also, these patients have signs of redistributive anemia and sideropenia, thrombocytopenia, and persistent activity of mesenchymal-inflammatory and coagulopathic syndromes. ALT activity significantly positively correlates with the activity of systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability indices.
This is a report of Michigan state University professor Robert Root-Bernstein. It is well-known that the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a vast disaster throughout the world. Moreover, most patients have complained to partial or complete loss of sense of smell. Olfactory dysfunction can occur alone or can be accompanied by other symptoms of COVID-19, such as a dry cough. However, the pathogenic mechanism of olfactory disorders and its clinical characteristics in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear.
COVID-19 — текущая глобальная пандемия коронавирусной инфекции вызванная коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2.
In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, timely diagnosis of tuberculosis is of particular importance. Patients with complaints of cough for 3 weeks or more should be examined for tuberculosis and COVID-19 (sputum microbiological examination, chest X-ray examination, nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swab using PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA). If COVID-19 is ruled out, a consultation with a TB specialist and additional examination for tuberculosis are carried out. In case of a combination of two infections - tuberculosis and COVID-19, the patient should be hospitalized in specialized medical organizations repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Children with diagnosed or suspected pneumonia are recommended to undergo the Diaskintest test. Consultation with a TB doctor is recommended for children with positive and questionable reactions to the Diaskintest test.
Проблема помощи пациентам с трофическими венозными язвами остается актуальной медико-социальной проблемой, которая вновь обострилась на фоне пандемии COVID-19 в 2020–2021 гг. Как сейчас известно, после перенесенной вирусной инфекции COVID-19 у большинства пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями наблюдается значимое обострение этих недугов. У многих пациентов после перенесенной пневмонии, ассоциированной COVID-19, отмечается формирование трофических язв слизистой оболочки полости рта. При этом трофические язвы имеют высокую резистентность к традиционной терапии, направленной на их заживление (Зудин А.М., Шаповал А.С., 2021).
Бактериальная/грибковая коинфекция - в настоящее время рассматривается как важнейшее осложнение COVID-19 в полости рта [2]. Предполагается, что росту грибковых инфекций у пациентов, страдающих COVID-19 и госпитализированных в отделение интенсивной терапии способствует использование антибиотиков и кортикостероидов широкого спектра действия, интубация и фоновая соматическая патология, на этом фоне у пациентов обнаруживаются лимфоцитопения, цитокиновые штормы, которые приводят к ослаблению иммунитета, может позволить Candida проявлять факторы патогенности [1,6,11].
На 11.04.2021 года в мире официально зафиксировано 136 500 769 заболевших коронавирусом COVID-19 в 193 странах. В Узбекистане зарегистрировано 85 114 случаев заражения коронавирусом. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) являются основной причиной смерти во всем мире, потому проблема COVID-19 и ССЗ является очень актуальной.
Цереброваскулярная патология является одной из самых частых коморбидных состояний у пациентов с COVID-19, обнаруживаясь приблизительно у 12% инфицированных [4]. Изучение коморбидных заболеваний среди летальных исходов COVID-19 показало, что из 2000 случаев у 228 пациентов имелась хроническая ишемия головного мозга (ХИГМ) [6].
This article is devoted to the application of new teaching methods in medical universities in the context of distance learning. The events of 2019 - 2020 related to the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be not only a test for the economy of our country and its healthcare system, but also a kind of stress test for the education system. The system of higher medical education is no exception, which, in comparison with universities in other areas, faced additional difficulties. The quarantine conditions necessary to preserve the health and life of the population touched and could not but affect the medical education system. Spring semester of 2020 from March 18, in connection with measures to prevent the import and spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), training at universities in Uzbekistan was transferred to a distance format. During this period, a voluntary anonymous survey of 170 students was conducted. The distance form of the educational process is based on the principle of independent learning, in which students are distant from the teacher both in space and in time. At the same time, students have a constant opportunity to maintain constant information contact with teachers using modern Internet technologies. New forms of education are in demand at this time, as they form an extraordinary and effective approach to teaching in the subject of pharmacology. From the results of the survey it follows that the attitude to the possible use of elements of the distance learning system increases the independent training of students in pharmacology by 60 -70%. Distance learning in medical universities can be used as an alternative to traditional education in a pandemic.
С каждым годом отмечается рост числа заболеваний органов дыхания среди взрослого населения сопровождающиеся развитием бронхообструктивного синдрома (БОС). Хотя по статистическим данным отмечается рост рецидивирования при выше указанных заболеваниях из-за инфекции COVID-19. В связи с тем, что патологический процесс в первую очередь развивается в дыхательных путях, вызывая нарушения дыхательной системы организма.
Основной целью нашей работы является реабилитационное лечение после перенесенного COVID-19, для предотвращения рецидивов у больных с сопутствующими заболеваниями бронхолёгочной патологией с бронхообструктивным синдромом разного пола, возраста и различной тяжестью течения.
At present time due to COVID-19 pandemic the most part of Uzbekistan high schools started distance form of teaching, in particularly a foreign language (mostly English) in the first courses with great using of self-study principles. The article is
focused on the first experience of the distance learning based on self-study principles discipline "Medical English" of the 1st course students of Pediatrics faculty in the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute under the quarantine conditions due to COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present study is to check the assumption that in teaching the Medical English language, in particular in distance learning conditions, such pedagogical strategies as tests and situation tasks contribute to learner self-study skills development and help work out techniques for assessing learner self-study. In this context, the article foregrounds self-study as a part of distance learning and highlights the importance of developing self-study skills via innovative pedagogical technologies . This is followed by an experimental study. The findings of this study can be used as a reference when reflecting on teaching practices that develop learner self-study skills. Finally, the authors conclude with pedagogical methods relevant for teaching self-study skills
Purpose of the study. Estimate the functional status of patients using the PCFS (Post-COVID-19 Functional Status) scale.
Material and research methods. There were 281 patients under observation, with the presence of clinical manifestations of post covid-19 syndrome. As a control group (CG), 20 patients who had undergone COVID-19 and whose disease ended in full recovery were examined. The assessment of the functional status of patients after suffering COVID-19 was carried out using the PCFS method - Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (https://osf.io/qgpdv/).
Research results. In the main group of patients, the average score of the questionnaire was 13.34 ± 0.83 points. Patients who have identified a violation of their functional status at 1 point were 13 patients (4.63%), at 2 points - 90 people (32.03%), at 3 points - 117 people (41.64%), at 4 points - 61 people. (21.71%). In the control group, the patients assessed violations of their functional status at 0 points. The number of patients with extremely severe, severe and moderately severe COVID-19 was significantly higher in the main group than in the control group (30.61% versus 20%, 35.94% versus 30%, 33.45 versus 30%, respectively) In the main group of patients, the average number of background diseases was significantly higher than in the control group (p <0.05).
Conclusion. Patients with post covid syndrome have a higher score on the functional status scale (PCFS). Among the patients who scored 3 and 4 points on the PCFS test (significant limitation of daily activity due to symptoms associated with the previous infection and the need for help in self-care), there were more patients with a severe course of COVID-19 and background cardiovascular pathology and obesity.
COVID-19 пандемиясининг шиддат билан тарқалиши бутун дунё аҳолисини руҳиятига салбий таъсирини кўрсатди. Эпидемияга қарши олиб борилган тадбирлар ва улар билан боғлик ўзгаришлар, яъни биринчи ўринда карантин одамлар ўртасида депрессия, алкоголга ва наркотик моддаларга ружў қўйиш ва турли суицидал ҳолатларни кўпайишига олиб келди. Россия руҳшунослари маълумотларига кўра, пандемия бошланиши даврида ваҳимали бузилишли беморлар сони, иккинчи тўлқин даврида эса депрессив бузилишлар сони кўпайиб кетган. COVID-19 ҳанузгача авж олиб бораётган бир даврда, инфекциянинг беморлар руҳиятига салбий таъсирини ўрганиш жуда муҳим.
У пациентов с COVID-19 может развиться критическая форма заболевания при наличии таких основных состояний, как гипертония, сахарный диабет, ишемическая болезнь сердца, хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких, иммунологические заболевания, онкологические заболевания.