This article examines the features of the genre “travelogue” in modern Arabic short stories. “Travelogue” is one of the oldest and most varied genres. During the many thousands of years of human history, and especially after the appearance of written literature, thousands of works on the subject of travel were created in the languages of the peoples of the world. The genesis of the genre is the result of the synthesis of the traditions of folklore and written literature, where works of folklore (e.g., fairy tales) were created and in written literature (e.g., ancient travel notes), in the center of which there is a traveler-narrator. As genre compositional features of travelogue, you can point out that the focus is on the image of the traveler-narrator and the presence of the fact of travel (changing in space and time movement in a certain direction), and it is noteworthy that the traveler-narrator stands in the status of an observer and compares what he saw in a foreign land with the situation in his native country. Although these main features of the genre were preserved, a number of other manifestations of travelogue appeared in the course of the development of literature. If in Uzbek classical literature the works describing the impressions of travel are called “sayokhatnoma”, then in Arabic literature this genre is called “rihla”. Studying modern Arabic fiction, you can trace how writers create works in the genre of travelogue, combining elements of the genre with the genre of the short story. A number of modern and contemporary Arab writers, such as Muhammad al-Muwaylihi, Sunallah Ibrahim, Jamal al-Ghitani, and Abdurahman Majid al-Rubeyi, used features of the travelogue genre in their short stories and novels. Among them can be the Syrian writer Abdus-Kalam Al-Ujayli (1918-2006), whose travel collections, such as Journey to Europe and The Call to Travel, consist of short stories that reflect the peculiarities of the travelogue genre. The collections Journey to Europe, Call to Travel comprise 22 short stories about travelling. Abdus-Salam al-Ujaili depicted with high artistry the greatness of his motherland Syria, where he was born and raised, showed its beautiful nature, the way of life, occupations, religion of the population, as well as he gave a description of some cities, their history, and shared hois impressins of unspeakable Paris after a trip to Europe.
In this article, comparative research data are given on the events held in the open air in preschool educational institution No. 19 belonging to the Department of Preschool Education in Zangiota district in Uzbekistan, in Abelzieds preschool educational institution in Latvia and in Blatoppen preschool educational institution in Norway.
The article describes in detail the current state of domestic and pilgrimage tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the post-coronavirus pandemic, the factors affecting it and the analysis of regulations in the field, as well as prospects for industry development.
Scientific study of Central Asia has its deep roots in Russian science. The ramified system of oriental scientific and educational institutions, the richest collections of oriental manuscripts, books, objects of material culture served as a sufficiently representative source base for the research of oriental scholars. The deep and disinterested interest of scientists in the achievements of Eastern civilizations played a certain role in acquainting the peoples of other countries with the culture and history of Central Asia. One of such representatives of Russian oriental studies, who, with his works and social and scientific activities, made a certain contribution to the development of science and culture of the peoples of Central Asia, in particular, to the history of the study of Uzbekistan, was Petr Ivanovich Lerkh. The range of scientific interests of Petr Ivanovich was extensive. He could study the languages, dialects and dialects of various peoples; he could be carried away by prehistoric archeology, as a result of which a number of interesting articles appeared in this direction; the result of his enthusiasm for oriental numismatics was the release of his corresponding scientific work. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that the geography of his scientific research, whatever direction they were, was also extensive: from remote provinces of Russia to the newly annexed neighboring outskirts. This is evidenced by archival materials where the works of P.I. Lerkh on archeology, linguistics, numismatics, ethnography, etc. He also did not reject the study of the works of foreign scientists concerning history, ethnography, oriental studies, in particular. The trip made by P.I. Lerkh in Khiva and Bukhara expanded the scope of the scientist's scientific activity. Since then, Central Asian countries and peoples, eastern numismatics, as well as primitive antiquities began to enter the circle of his scholarly research. During the trip 1858-1859 the scientist acquired over 30 oriental manuscripts for the Asian Museum. The versatility of scientific interests and abilities of a scientist can also be judged by his scientific reports in scientific communities. The article uses a wide range of sources of archival scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in particular, materials from the personal fund of P.I. Lerkh from the scientific archive of the Institute of Oriental Languages in St. Petersburg.
Culture is integral, regarding its meaning in the world of value orientations of the human-being. The Korean literature as any other one is seen as the organic part of culture of the Korean people, the reflection of its people and development. The gist-based prose is different from the European, due to the fact that it emerged on the basis of culture, which did not have the epic tradition. Due to this matter, the main source is the being itself, which substitutes the epos – the historical compilations and collection of livings of the literature «Pkhesol» . The analysis of the history of the middle-aged literature of XVII – XVIII centuries allows to say that its development was supported with the high-quality based ideas and concepts, and also the reality and its production, regarding the perfection of the arts forms, the formation of new genres and the process of sophistication of the gist based lines. The Korean literature of this period is divided into the following items: 1. the high prose and the poetry, based on hanmun, 2. the prose of small forms «pkhesol» on hanmun.3. the literature on the Korean, native language, which was divided into three ranges: upper poetry, middle-average (its own high prose) (diaries and novels) and low prose (the Korean novels). In the XVII century the Korean literature started to get the new concepts, it occurs the transformation of the social role, there are continued the search and creation of new forms, and also the birth of new and transformed old genres. «Pkhesol» of emergence of the prosaic genre «sosol». In the literary Korean thought, which was lack of the genre-based qualification, the term «sosol» united the prosaic works such as the novel, novelette and a tale. The Russian scientists also do not possess with the unique explanation of the term «sosol». Meanwhile, the term «sosol» is seen as the continuation of the genre «pkhesol», which allowed the emergence of new literary opportunities of genre, enriching this very trend, and creating a more unique genre, the high-quality based unique genre of the middle-aged Korean novel, which is seen as the classical novel. The middle-aged novelty is related with the oral people’s creative work, its compositions are related with the rules of the fairy tales, the actions always have 2 (two) polar poles-the suffering of the hero and the lucky end. Such gist-based peculiarity is seen by the imagination of the Korean people about the change of chaos to the harmony. The end of XVII century is characterized as the epoch of birth of the Korean novel (the founder is Kim Mandjun), («The wanderings of Ms. Sa throughout the South» and «The cloudy dream of nine») characterizes an emergence of new genre –«the diary» of the geographic and historical character («The diary of the military adventures» of Li Sunsin, «The diary of adventures to Japan» of Khwan Chin, «The scriptures of adventures to the mount Pektusan» of Pak Chon and others).
Based on data reflecting the share of the tourism industry in the world economy, as well as its accelerated development in recent years, this article substantiates the important role and relevance of this industry in the development of the economy of Uzbekistan. Along with this, an analysis is made of the current state and development trends of the tourism industry in the countries of the Near and Middle East, and its place, role and priority importance in national economies are disclosed. Factors are shown which influence positively or negatively on the development of this industry in Turkey, which is among the leading countries of the world and is considered a leader among the countries of the region and other non-Arab countries, like Iran and Israel. In the article, economic indicators, such as statistics on the number of tourists arriving in the country, tourism income and shares in GDP, reflecting the state of international tourism are given in table form. These data on the development of tourism in the countries of the Near and Middle East are compared with the indicators of the leading countries of the industry in the world. The paramount importance of peace and tranquility, social and political stability in the country is especially noted. Also, the importance of tourism development in Uzbekistan and its forecasts for the near future are outlined.
Ogahiy is well-known as a translator who has a solid role in the history of our homeland. In this article, we draw our attention to the translations of the work “Miftoh ut-Tolibin” which was done by Ogahiy. The main topic of this translated work is about Husayn Khorazmiy and his life and activities. Besides, in this book one can meet valuable information about XVI century life period of Central Asia, especially the history of Bukhara, Samarkand, Khorazm where Husayn Khorazmi had lived and worked.