Tobacco and alcohol have long been acknowledged as carcinogens holding a critical role in the progression of a various cancers. Identifying the degree to which tobacco and alcohol can impact cancer mortality is necessary to developing effective public health strategies and mitigating risks with preventative measures. The goal of this study is to characterize the behavior of cancer mortality in response to shocks in alcohol and tobacco consumption utilizing aggregate U.S. data. This is the first study of its kind to examine the intertemporal relationship between cancer mortality and its determining factors within a dynamic system. Our results indicate cancer mortality displays persistence and its path dependency varies considerably between the shock factors. An unexpected shock to alcohol consumption results in cancer mortality taking about 17 years to return to its pre-shock level, whereas tobacco consumption shocks recover the original cancer mortality level in about 10 years. Alcohol has a more dominant effect on cancer mortality regardless of time dimension. As a result, policies that have been previously emphasized toward mitigating tobacco consumption may prove prudent in addressing alcohol as a public health concern with respect to cancer mortality.
Among the production of harmful industry all over the world, including in our repub-lic, tobacco production occupies a significant place. In Uzbekistan, tobacco cultivation is car-ried out by workers of the Urgut district of the Samarkand region, which accounts for a large share in agriculture and brings significant economic profit.
The available literature does not cover the issue of the effect of tobacco dust and pes-ticides in combination with uncomfortable microclimatic conditions on the organs and tissues of the oral cavity of tobacco growers.
Some aspects of the mechanism of development of pathological changes in the oral cavity of tobacco growers are not specified in the conditions of Uzbekistan, and accordingly there is no data on adequate methods of their prevention and treatment [1,3]. In this regard, there is a need to study the features of the clinic and the course of the main dental diseases in tobacco growers in order to develop a set of organizational, sanitary, hygienic and therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at improving the quality of the production environment, pre-venting the development and reducing the frequency of dental morbidity among tobacco growers.
To date, it has been established that 70% of people involved in tobacco growing have various diseases [4,6,]. Comparison of morbidity rates with temporary disability of workers employed in tobacco growing and the control group shows that tobacco growers get sick more often than others. The number of diseases they have is 37%, and the number of days of disability is 30% higher than in other types of agricultural work [8,4,1]. Diseases of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, infectious and allergic diseases, nervous and cardiovascular systems, skin and subcutaneous tissue occupy the leading place in the structure of tobacco growers' morbidity.
Today, global research on the impact of smoking on human health and the problem of creating methods necessary for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by this harmful habit are among the main directions for improving public health in Russia and in the world as a whole. Despite the fact that for many years the main harmful effects of tobacco smoke components on human health have been well known, smoking remains one of the most important public health problems in many countries of the world [1]. In many previous studies, scientists have presented a strict relationship between tobacco smoking and various human diseases. Smoking is often the cause of cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system. Not only smokers, but also non-smokers are under the influence of tobacco smoke substances [1]. Inhalation of air contaminated with tobacco smoke, or "secondhand smoke", undoubtedly causes diseases in non-smokers that are characteristic of those who smoke standard medium-strength cigarettes. [This is why quitting smoking is an important medical and social issue.
This study analyzes the daily energy consumption patterns of workers in a tobacco production enterprise. Data was collected over a specified period to determine the average energy usage and identify any significant fluctuations or trends. The results provide valuable insights into energy management practices, highlighting areas for potential optimization and efficiency improvements within the enterprise. The findings aim to inform strategic decision-making and promote sustainable energy practices in the tobacco production sector.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide: no other cause causes as many deaths each year as CVD.
An estimated 17,9 million people died from CVD in 2016, accounting for 31% of all deaths worldwide. 85% of these deaths were due to heart attack and stroke. Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol through population-wide strategies [1].
In Uzbekistan, the risk of premature death (among the population aged 30-69 years) from the four major NCD groups is approximately 31%; CVD is the leading cause of death. A quarter of adults aged 18-64 and almost a third of adults aged 40-64 are at high risk of having a heart attack or stroke within the next 10 years. Men are particularly at risk for cardiovascular risk given their tobacco use and the harmful use of alcohol. In general, men tend to underuse health services; blood pressure in this population is also under-controlled [2].
The oral cavity plays a special role in the perception of undesirable factors of tobacco smoke, and the state of the oral organs is an informative indicator that dynamically reflects and reacts to its effects. This article examines the peculiarities of the influence of tobacco smoke components on the development of major dental diseases of the oral cavity in young people. The specifics of the occurrence and course of the main dental diseases - caries, inflammatory diseases of the ligamentous apparatus of the periodontal and oral mucosa are discussed. It was found that in young smokers, compared with non-smokers, dental caries is more common, mild chronic generalized periodontitis is more often diagnosed, and diseases of the oral mucosa with hyperkeratosis as the main sign are more common. Almost all (98.7%) smokers were diagnosed with cheilitis. Oral hygiene was "unsatisfactory" in the non-smokers group and "poor" in the smokers group.
Табакокурение является одним из факторов риска развития сердечно-сосудистых, дыхательных и онкологических заболеваний, и одним из весомых причин смертности в мире. Нужно отметить на фоне различных хронических заболеваний показатель смертности населения еще больше увеличиваться. В связи с этим, научное осмысление вопросов образа жизни человека и взаимосвязи с состоянием здоровья, является актуальной. В Узбекистане последовательно принимаются меры по предупреждению, лечению и контролю неинфекционных заболеваний и факторов их риска, снижению преждевременной смертности и заболеваемости населения. Об этом свидетельствует Постановление Президента Республики Узбекистан «О мерах по профилактике неинфекционных заболеваний, поддержке здорового образа жизни и повышению уровня физической активности населения» от 18 декабря 2018 года.
The conditions determining the high prevalence and intensity of major dental diseases against the background of impaired immunological reactivity of organs and tissues of the oral cavity include climatogeographic and social living conditions, the general condition of the body and one of the most common etiological causes threatening both the general health and the oral cavity of the population, - tobacco includes changes in regulatory indicators of immune status caused by smoking Tobacco smoking is an incalculable burden for health authorities and governments in many countries as a socio-economic problem associated with early mortality from smoking-related diseases, disability and economic losses due to absence from the workplace.
It was established that children tolerate COVID-19 much easier. Researchers note the prevalence of asymptomatic and mild forms of the disease in children. According to laboratory studies, severe lymphopenia was extremely rare in children.
It has been shown that COVID-19 in children has a significantly more favorable outcome. The noted features of the clinical and laboratory course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients are probably associated with a number of factors, including age-related features of the immune response (primarily innate immunity), healthier airways (not exposed to tobacco smoke, frequent respiratory infections ), as well as age-related features of the functioning of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, used by coronaviruses as a cell receptor.
The authors pay special attention to the fact that children, as the category of patients with the highest level of asymptomatic and mild course of the disease, constitute the main transmissible potential for the continuation of the pandemic
This article discusses the history of migration of the population of East Turkestan in the XIX century to the Governor-General of Turkestan. Since the late 19th century, Xinjiang has been heavily dependent on interaction with its western neighbor, the Russian Empire. Russia acted as the main buyer of nuts, raisins, livestock, raw silk, tobacco, and itself supplied finished industrial goods to the western edge of China. Therefore, the Russian Empire attached great importance to Xinjiang.
The authors of the article considere the experience of decentralization of government in the countries of Eastern Europe and some other countries. Also models of the development of local self-government were presented.
We analyzed the incidence of various types of stroke and studied the epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes using the example of one neurological unit. The most common was the atherothrombotic type of ischemic stroke, the least common being the hemodynamic type. The greatest risk of occurrence of ischemic stroke of various types was in persons with hypertensive disease, tobacco users with excessive body weight, the probability of ischemic stroke is higher in autumn and spring.