The paper discusses the importance of gastronomic idioms and how they reflect the ethnic and cultural identity of a given nation. Gastronomic idioms can be analyzed from three different perspectives, i.e. the international, national, and the local. The article proves the idea that fruit and vegetable idioms are the best option to learn about the nation and its traditions. Phraseologies are signs of any nation and can illustrate the history and culture of any nation. English and Uzbek idioms were excerpted from a variety of lexicographic works and analyzed from a cultural perspective. Several English idioms have been studied and it becomes clear that they have a strong link with history and a close tie with religion. Since most idioms came from The Holly book, therefore, they have deep meaning. The article analyzes English idiomatic units with the help of Uzbek equivalents and it has been found that the majority of idiomatic units describe the identity of a nation that lives in the ethnic community with a wide cultural aspect. Most idioms have very close or even similar meanings although they appeared in various centuries.
In this scientific article, the world models of social protection and directions were discussed, social protection in Uzbekistan suggestions for improving the system are given. It is to review the functions of social protection terms in English and Uzbek. Language also appeared like other phenomena in nature and society. The emergence of language is proportionally related to the emergence of society. Therefore, it is impossible to imagine language without society, and society without language. The development of language is also related to the development of society. After all, the life of the society is reflected in its language. It is not for nothing that it is said that language is a mirror of society. Any change in the life of the society will first of all be expressed in the language. However, as related as they are, language and society are different. The difference is that the language belongs to society, it is its social "property". For example, the Uzbek language belongs to the Uzbek people (nation), while the Tajik language belongs to the Tajik people (nation). Since the Uzbek language belongs to the Uzbek nation, the Uzbek language and the Tajik language belong to the Tajik nation, that is why it is called the Tajik language. The classics of Marxism-Leninism also separately dealt with the issues of the emergence and development of language and created their own doctrines. According to this doctrine, language is noted as a social phenomenon.
One of the integral components of world linguistics, Uzbek linguistics, which has been taking its fair share in the positive solution of the current issues facing the world linguistics, has experienced the influence of various worldviews, doctrines, and theories during the past century, and has been covered by general linguistic processes. The history, unique nature, and values of any nation are first of all reflected in the native language of that nation. It is not for nothing that they did not evaluate the language as the moral immunity of the nation. Therefore, only the nation that has preserved its language and developed it over time will preserve its identity and national image.
The scientific concept of the article is that the national literary-aesthetic thinking is of primary criterion in evaluating a writer’s work and the essence of literature is determined by the artistic interpretation of the national spirit. The best examples of folk literature in the world, regardless of the language in which it is written, is on the agenda as a question number one to be analyzed scientifically in terms of the expression of the national spirit. Abdulla Kadiri’s novel “Days Gone By” has been analyzed in twentiethcentury Uzbek literature as a work that can meet this criterion.
According to the author, the national spirit is reflected in the novel “Days Gone By” on the basis of the following three principles: 1) the interpretation of specific customs, traditions, values, dreams and aspirations of the nation, embodying the spirit of the nation; 2) an expression of the nation’s potential to look at itself in a critical spirit; 3) poetic depiction of fixed beliefs inherent in national personalities in the play. In turn, the first of these principles embodies the morals of the nation, the second - the will, and the third - the beliefs, and this trinity forms the national spirit as a whole.
At the end of the article, the research results are theoretically summarized.
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The real intellectuals have always left a deep mark on the spiritual life of their people. They even laid down their life on this way. Especially, in the former Soviet state, where was ruled under a totalitarian regime, these nationalist, truthful intellectuals were brutally banned. The history of the whole nation has been rewritten. In the words of the famous German philosopher K. Jaspers, the twentieth century was "the most enlightened and bloodiest century in human history." The policy of repression had a profound effect, especially on the social sciences. The course "Brief History of the CPSU (b)", which was based on the decisions of the party congresses, was served as the main methodological guidelines for the study of history.
Those who thought a little differently and more freely, were exiled to the GULAGs or shot with the label "enemy of the nation." The greats of Uzbek intellectuals such as Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulla Qodiri, Munavvar Qori, Otajon KHashim, Bolat Soliev, Cholpon, Usmon Nosir and others were declared "enemies of the nation" on various political charges and slanders, and thrown into the mill of repression. The real nationalist intellectuals were turned into "enemies of the nation." Fear and dread reigned in the society. The domination of a single ideology regulated science and literature. "Velikorus" chauvinism and atheism climaxed. The members of the "the Ungodly Society " multiplied, and the Communists were proud of their atheism. Under the mask of pseudo-internationalism - proletarian internationalism, the regions and streets of Uzbekistan were named Kirov, Kuibyshev, Orjanikivze, Frunze. If we look at the roots of the terrible tragedies of the repressions that took place at that time, various aspects of the anatomy of the Totalitarian regime are revealed. In this regime, dictatorship, repression, terror prevailed, instead of democracy.
The author has studied the views of Makhmudhoja Behbudi on the independence of Turkestan. It pays special attention to the question of nation and nationality. Also, the political, economic, spiritual and educational directions of the author Behbudi’s publicism in the Turkestan region are analyzed as the main part of his progressive work. At the same time, it was studied that the introduction of the educational system in a new way, the literacy of the local people, and the promotion of science and enlightenment are among the main issues in the Turkestan region. Basically, it is aimed to convey Behbudi’s views on the need to spread enlightenment through school, press, and stage to the students. It is shown in practice that the main idea in Behbudi’s work is the struggle for the independence of Turkestan and the grief of the nation.
Linguocultural studies, a new branch of modern linguistics, studies a language not only as a means of knowing, but also as the cultural code of a nation. The idea that scientists which is seeing the world differently through the prism of the mother tongue is attracting a lot of new research among researchers. In linguistics, when cultural information is studied through language that carry information, such language units are grouped under the term linguocultural units. For example, realia, concept, lacunas, stereotypes, speech labels are all linguocultural units. The main tasks of linguocultural studies are to describe the linguistic picture of the world, the conceptosphere, which is a set of basic concepts of culture, the linguistic consciousness and linguistic units that reflect the national-cultural mentality of language owners, national socio-cultural stereotypes specific to speech. An analysis from the point of view of linguocultural studies in the study of cultural transfer in the translated text helps to study the language of the people's thinking in the study, its specific aspects of perception of the world. When a work of art is translated, the ideas in it, the factors that reflect the worldview of the nation, are also receptive to the text of the translation. Just as each language reflects the culture of that nation, so while the translated reader reads the work in his own language, some phrases encourage the reader to understand and imagine the work in terms of their own culture. That is, a single text can be understood and interpreted differently from the point of view of different peoples, nations. Because factors such as the nature, culture, customs, and religion in which a person lives influence his world of thoughts, concepts, and imaginations. The use of culturally colored words that are not found in the original text in the translated text is a factor in the fact that the translated text is a cultural transfer. While this may be the method the translator consciously uses to convey the idea of the sentence in the original text, it may also be the method chosen to ensure that the translated work is understandable to the reader. In either case, the most important factor in both methods is culture, which reflects the transfer of culture in the translated text.
Proverb is an international genre by its nature. There is no nation in the world that does not have its own proverbs. Because every nation leaves its life experiences to generations in the form of proverbs. That is why there are many proverbs that are close to each other in terms of content and form in the oral works of different peoples. Because there are many similarities and commonalities in the life and history of every nation. In particular, the products of oral creativity of peoples living close to each other are similar. For example, the lifestyle of the Uzbek and Korean peoples, which have been formed for many years because they are close neighbors, their similar aspects are reflected in the products of the people's oral creativity.
In this article, you can see the origin of Korean folk proverbs, the opinions and views of scientists about proverbs. The place of proverbs in Korean linguistics, the history of the creation of Korean folk proverbs is presented step by step
The author has studied the views of Makhmudhoja Behbudi on the independence of Turkestan. It pays special attention to the question of nation and nationality. Also, the political, economic, spiritual and educational directions of the author Behbudi’s publicism in the Turkestan region are analyzed as the main part of his progressive work. At the same time, it was studied that the introduction of the educational system in a new way, the literacy of the local people, and the promotion of science and enlightenment are among the main issues in the Turkestan region. Basically, it is aimed to convey Behbudi’s views on the need to spread enlightenment through school, press, and stage to the students. It is shown in practice that the main idea in Behbudi’s work is the struggle for the independence of Turkestan and the grief of the nation.
In this article, the period of the kingdom of the Soviets of our history, the years of kataghan are full of sad events and mourning events, the period of our people's nation as a nation, which has been pinned, humiliated and trampled upon. The essence of the Soviet totalitarian system, in which the state administration is centralized and has a commanding character, the essence of the policy of which full state control over political, social, economic, cultural, educational spheres is established, is revealed.
This article is devoted to the analysis of the work "Family" by Abdurauf Fitrat, a brilliant representative of modern literature. In the example of this work, written in 1914, an attempt was made to show the writer's creative laboratory as well as his personal attitude to the most pressing social issues of his time. The ideas of nationalism, freedom, progress and science, which led Fitrat's work, formed the core of his political and legal views, and laid the foundation for the writer to become one of the great representatives of modern literature. The article emphasizes that the publicist Fitrat's approach to the issue of marriage, the role of women in society, was based on the spirit of the time in which he lived, comparing it with verses from the Qur'an, and the social significance of these observations. Issues such as family components, national traditions and customs in family management, family quality discipline and their impact on the future of the nation, which were put forward by the author, were not left out of the study.
The article discusses the role and importance of folk art heritage in the development of national theater art in Central Asia. To date, the theatrical art of the region has a great experience and it has the opportunity to compare its culture with others. Epic direction is one of the points of support, one of the heights from which you can look at the experience and trends of the world of theatrical art. (72)
In folk epics, various elements of culture and spirituality are traced, and the peculiarities of a particular nationality are revealed.
The entry of the European style of theater into the framework of the culture of Central Asia certainly influenced the development of traditional theater of the people. Creative figures faced the problem of showing their performances on closed stages, in rooms.
In the pieces, folk customs are presented following a common pattern, whereas national theatres offer their own interpretation, reflecting the culture, customs, and the nation’s past. Not only essentially different pieces of the same title and subject, created by different nations, differ in style, methods, means of artistic representation and character interpretation, and never a hero of one nation is a repetition of the image created by the neighboring nation. This is how the nation’s mentality, culture, spiritual character, and traditional values are exposed. This, in turn, is a dominant feature in the evolution of theatres. Thus, the epic heritage serves as the golden treasure of the theatrical culture of Central Asia.
Historical figures, cultural values and historical memory play a huge role in the formation of the identity of every nation. In determining any national identity, every individual tries to find a decent response to the question: «Who are we?». By answering this question, each nation determines its own national identity. This article focuses on the peculiarities of the formation of modern statehood’s national identity and the role of historical figures on it.
After our country gained independence, attention to our national values and identity increased. After gaining independence, Uzbekistan has traveled a difficult and honorable path in the past years. First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. In the first days of our freedom, Karimov said, "Our path to independence and development is not a path covered with flowers, it is a difficult, long-lasting path of getting rid of the legacy of totalitarianism and purification, eliminating the damage caused by the evil of ideology." is", we once again understand how deep the meaning of life is at the heart of his words. After the independence of our country, the rights of our people acquired during the former autocratic regime, our national traditions, customs and values, self-awareness, and the priority of justice became the criteria of our life.Thanks to independence, a wide way has been opened to study the rich, historical, scientific, cultural and spiritual heritage of the Uzbek people, and to use it as an invaluable property of the nation. Spiritual wealth, values are the priceless treasure and source of development of the state, nation, and individual.
The article is devoted to the structural-semantic classification of stylistic means of repetition in different language levels. Language is a mirror of culture, on the basis of which not only the real world around a person, not only the real living conditions of a person, but also the social consciousness of an entire nation, its mentality, national character, way of life, traditions, custom, psyche, value system, worldview, worldview. Language is a tool of culture, a weapon. It forms the worldview, mentality, communication with people, that is, through the culture of the nation, as well as through this language, which is used as a unit of communication, through a direct connection between the speaker and the language. As a form of human activity, language is an integral part of culture and is defined as the overall result of human activity in such aspects of human life as production, social and spiritual. But as a form of the mental world and, most importantly, as a unit of communication, language stands side by side with culture. Through the language itself, knowledge gained from individuals becomes a community experience that allows people of the same people and of the same culture to understand each other despite different experiences and diversity of knowledge. The man has long expressed his attitude to the events taking place in the environment. This attitude was realized, first of all, through various actions, voices, passions. Then emotions were expressed in words, phrases, dances. And then people come up with fictional stories explaining the origin of the world, nature, animals, plants, mountains, water. Guys, girls weave love songs. Myths and legends arise about the brave and courageous young men of the tribe, about their extraordinary heroism. All of this is still gaining popularity among the population who lived in communities before the advent of written culture. Today we are accustomed to calling them “folk oral creations”. The harmony of language, culture and folklore has always attracted the attention of researchers.
Numerous nations of the world have made various strides towards the advancement of
sustainable power source and usage of Vitality Productivity measures. In Nepal 75.99% force plant
depends on Gas.This is exceptionally disturbing for our nation. Nepal is by and by confronting lack
of intensity and there are consistently load concealing in certain pieces of the nation. Wind and
sun oriented vitality are the elective vitality source that can be utilized to enhance the ordinary
vitality sources especially in Nepal . We have 17 locale in the beach front zone. Little wind
generator will be effective around there. Nepal government has taken pilot venture dependent
on wind, sun powered and half and half arrangements. In this work our point was to structure of
A Little Wind Generator Which Give Changed and Cost Proficient Power in Country Territory. This
framework has been intended for remote territory of Nepal where power has not yet reached.
This little wind turbine can be worked in the beach front and inland stream island towns of Nepal
. Wind asset in Nepal isn't exactly enough. Just lighting and water system reason this vitality can
utilized.